药物名称 赖诺普利 英文名称 Lisinopril 【别名】 利压定 ,赖诺普利,捷赐瑞 【外文名】Lisinopril, Carace,Zestril 药品类别: 抗高血压病药 药理药动 性状: 1.粉红色片剂,每片含二水合物赖诺普利相当于5毫克赖诺普利。 2.粉红色片剂,每片含二水合物赖诺普利相当于10毫克赖诺普利。 3.粉红色片剂,每片含二水合物赖诺普利相当于20毫克赖诺普利。 本品主要成分及其化学名称为:二水合赖诺普利 分子式:C21H31N3O5.2H2O 分子量:441.53
药理毒理: 赖诺普利是一种肽类的二肽酶抑制剂。它可抑制血管紧张素转换酶(ACE),后者可催化血管紧张素I转换为血管收缩肽,即血管紧张素II。血管紧张素II可刺激肾上腺皮质分泌醛固酮。抑制ACE可使血管紧张素II浓度降低从而使升压作用及醛固酮分泌下降。后者的降低导致血清钾的升高。 赖诺普利主要通过抑制肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统降低血压,同时赖诺普利亦对低肾素性高血压有降压作用。ACE和可以降解缓激肽的激肽酶II相同,但增加血液内缓激肽(一种血管扩张肽)水平是否与赖诺普利的降压功能有关仍待阐明。 药代动力学: 口服赖诺普利后血浆峰值浓度一般在服药后7小时左右出现。但在急性心肌梗塞病人血浆峰值浓度出现时间有轻微的滞后趋势。多次用药后累积有效半衰期为12.6小时。 血药浓度衰减呈延长末端相,但并不导致药物积聚。末端相显示了药物与ACE可饱和的结合,这种结合与药物的剂量不成比例。赖诺普利与其它血浆蛋白似乎无结合作用。 赖诺普利经由肾排泄,肾功能受损时清除率下降。但只有当肾小球滤过率小于30ml/min时,清除率下降才具有临床意义。老年患者血药浓度水平及曲线下面积均较年轻人高。赖诺普利可通过肾透析清除。 根据尿回收率试验,在用5-80mg剂量范围的试验中赖诺普利的平均吸收度大约为25%,个体差异为(6-60%)。 赖诺普利不在体内代谢,而以原形经尿排出。食物不影响其吸收。 大鼠试验结果表明赖诺普利很难通过血脑屏障。 适 应 症 高血压: 赖诺普利片用于治疗原发性高血压及肾血管性高血压。可单独服用或与其他降压药伍用。 充血性心力衰竭: 赖诺普利片可与洋地黄或利尿剂相配合作为充血性心力衰竭的辅助治疗。 急性心肌梗塞: 赖诺普利片用于治疗急性心肌梗塞后24小时内血液动力学稳定的病人,能预防左室功能不全或心力衰竭的发展并提高生存率。患者在合适的条件下应接受常规推荐的治疗如抗栓剂、阿斯匹林以及b-受体阻滞剂。 用法用量 因为赖诺普利片的吸收不受食物影响,可于餐前、餐时或餐后服用。赖诺普利片应口 服,每日一次。 原发性高血压:原发性高血压患者初始剂量为每日10毫克,维持剂量每日一次,每次20毫克。剂量应视血压情况调整。在长期临床对照试验中使用的最大剂量为每日80毫 克。 肾功能不全者、利尿剂不能中断的病人和由各种原因造成的低血容量和(或)低血钠的病人、以及患有肾性高血压的病人,需用较低起始剂量。 使用利尿剂的病人: 初次使用赖诺普利片有可能出现症状性低血压,这在服用利尿剂的病人中更多见,故需特别注意,因为患者可能会处于低血容量或低血钠状况。在开始使用赖诺普利片治疗前的二至三天应停止服用利尿剂(参考注意事项),对不能停止服用利尿剂的高血压患者,赖诺普利片的初始剂量为5毫克。并视血压情况调整剂量。如有必要,可以恢复使用利尿剂。 肾功能损害病人的剂量调整: 肾衰竭病人的剂量调整应以表一所列的肌酐清除率为依据。
表一 肌酐清除率(ml/min)初始剂量(mg/日) 小于10ml/min(包括透析病人)2.5mg* 10-30ml/min2.5-5mg 31-70ml/min5-10mg *剂量和/或服用次数应根据血压情况而调整。
剂量可逐渐调高至控制血压或至最大剂量每天40毫克。
肾血管性高血压: 肾血管性高血压病人尤其是双侧肾动脉狭窄或独生肾的肾动脉狭窄患者,首次服用赖诺普利片的反应敏感,因此建议初始剂量为2.5mg或5mg,然后根据血压情况再做调整。 充血性心力衰竭: 作为配合洋地黄和利尿剂治疗的辅助方法,赖诺普利片的起始剂量为2.5mg,每日一次。一般有效剂量范围是每日一次,每次5~20mg。 对于极有可能发生症状性低血压的病人,例如与水盐代谢失衡有关或无关的低血钠病人、低血容量的病人,以及正接受强利尿剂治疗的病人,如有可能应在接受赖诺普利片治疗之前纠正上述情况,并在初次给药时应严密监测血压。 急性心肌梗塞: 赖诺普利片可在心肌梗塞症状发生24小时内应用。首剂给予5mg口服,24小时后及48小时后再分别给予5mg,10mg口服,随后每天10mg。低收缩压的病人(收缩压为120mmHg或以下)或梗塞后三天内的病人应给予较低剂量,2.5mg口服(参见注意事项)。如果发生低血压(收缩压低于或等于100mmHg),每日 5mg维持量可在必要时临时降至2.5mg。如果低血压持续存在(收缩压低于 90mmHg持续一小时以上)应停止使用赖诺普利片。 用药应持续六周。出现心衰症状的病人应继续使用赖诺普利片(参见"用法与用量"中"心衰"部分) 赖诺普利片可与静脉或透皮吸收的硝酸甘油伍用。 老年人: 临床研究中,药物的安全性或有效性与患者年龄的变化无相关性。当年迈且有肾功能下降时,应该参照表一(见肾功能损害时的剂量调整)的原则决定赖诺普利片的初始剂量。随后用药量应该根据血压的变化而调整。 不良反应 临床对照试验表明,赖诺普利片通常能良好地耐受。大部分情况下,副作用轻微且短暂。 在对照试验中赖诺普利片最常见的副作用为:眩晕、头痛、腹泻、疲倦、咳嗽和恶心,其它少见的副作用有:直立效应(包括低血压)、皮疹和衰弱。 过敏/血管神经性水肿: 面部、四肢、唇舌、声门和/或喉部的血管神经性水肿偶见报道(参照"注意事项")。 临床对照试验及上市后偶见发生的副作用包括: 心血管系统: 高危病人发生严重低血压时,可能继发心肌梗塞或脑血管意外(见"注意事项") 心悸 心动过速 消化系统: 腹痛、口干、肝炎(肝细胞性或胆汁郁积性)、黄疸、胰腺炎 神经系统: 精神混乱、情绪改变、感觉异常 呼吸系统: 支气管痉挛 皮肤: 脱皮、出汗、瘙痒、荨麻疹 泌尿生殖系统: 性功能障碍、尿量减少/无尿、急性肾衰竭、肾功能低下、尿毒症。 作为一组综合症状的报道,包括下列可能出现的一种或多种症状: 发热、血管炎、肌痛、关节痛/关节炎、ANA阳性、血沉升高、嗜酸红细胞及白血球增多,皮疹、光过敏或其它皮肤症状亦可能发生。 实验室发现: 标准实验参数的明显改变与服用赖诺普利片罕有相关。已观察到升高的有血尿素,血肌酐,肝酶及血清胆红素,常在停服赖诺普利片后恢复正常。 轻微的血红蛋白和血胞比容减少在无其它引起贫血的原因共存时很少有明显临床意义。白细胞减少和血小板减少曾见报道,但此现象与服用赖诺普利片之间的因果关系尚未建立。 曾有高血钾症发生。 曾有低钠血症发生。 禁忌症 对此产品任何成份过敏者或曾使用ACE抑制剂治疗而引起血管神经性水肿的病人禁服赖诺普利片。 药物相互作用 利尿剂: 接受赖诺普利片治疗的病人同时加用一种利尿剂,通常增加其抗高血压的疗效。 已经使用特别是最近使用利尿剂的病人,合用赖诺普利片时偶然会产生血压过分下降的情况。在使用赖诺普利片治疗前停用利尿剂,可以减少征兆性低血压出现的可能性(见注意事项和用量用法)。 其他药物: 与消炎痛合用时,赖诺普利片的降压效果将减弱。 赖诺普利片与硝酸酯类药物合用时,临床上未产生不良的相互作用。 如与其他排钠利尿剂合用时,锂的排泄可能降低。 故此若使用锂盐,应密切监测血液中锂浓度。 血钾: 在临床研究中,血钾浓度通常保持在正常范围内,但在某些情形下,仍可能发生高血钾。产生高钾血症的危险因素包括肾功能不全、糖尿病和合用保钾利尿剂(例如:安体舒通,氨苯碟啶及氨氯吡咪)或钾补充剂或钾盐代用品,特别是在肾功能不全的病人中,会引起血钾浓度明显上升。 如果赖诺普利片需与上述药物合用,应谨慎并定期检测血清钾。 如果赖诺普利片与排钾利尿剂合用,利尿剂引起的低钾血症会有所改善。
储藏:在室温下储存。 有效期:四年
剂型规格:5毫克/片 14片、28片/盒 10毫克/片 14片、28片/盒 20毫克/片 14片、28片/盒
ZESTRIL (PRINIVIL) (LISINOPRIL)
ZESTRIL Information
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Brand name for Lisinopril, Zestril is widely acclaimed as an anti hypertensive. Belonging to the group of ACE inhibitors, works magic in controlling high blood pressure. Zestril is also used in treating congestive heart failure, hypertension in patients having hard and thick skin. This drug caters to patients having high blood pressure due to renal crisis. Zestril reduces the risks of cardiac arrest due to high blood pressure. This drug is prescribed to patients just after heart attack to increase survival rate as it cuts short the further weakening of the heart. Zestril is also used for treating kidney problems in some diabetic patients, using insulin to control their diabetes. However, the exact path of functioning of this drug is not yet known. But as a result of research, it is known that Zestril blocks an enzyme that produces a substance responsible for tightening the blood vessels. This results in relaxed blood vessels, controlled blood pressure and proper blood circulation.
ZESTRIL Warnings
Use of Zestril is followed by higher risk of harmful allergic reactions. Inform your doctor if you have experienced allergic reactions like breathing trouble, swollen face, lips or tongue before. Also don’t forget to inform the doctor if you have kidney disease or taking diet with higher or lower level of salt. Individuals suffering from diabetes may need monitored dose of Zestril.
Zestril is included in the FDA pregnancy category D. So it is obvious that intake of this drug during pregnancy have higher chances of harming the growing foetus. Zestril can even cause death of the foetus if taken during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Effects of Zestril on breast-feeding babies are not yet known. It would be judicious to consult a doctor if you are nursing a baby.
Zestril’s blood pressure reducing effect may cause harm to Children. Always consult a pediatrician before putting your children on such drugs. Although tested on only a few aged people, Zestril is not known to cause harmful effects in patients above 65 years of age.
Zestril may not work in harmony with the following drugs:
- K-Dur, Klor-Con
- Salt substitutes that contain potassium
- Triamterene
- Spironolactone
- Amiloride
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Furosemide
- Bumetanide
- Indapamide
- Lithium
- Indomethacin
ZESTRIL Side Effects
Zestril is followed by varied side effects. As soon as you experience any of following side effects, take help of your attending doctor. Side effects like troubled breathing, closed throat, swollen lips, tongue, or face, irregular urination, irregular heartbeat, chest pain, and excessive drowsiness, feverish feeling can be fatal and needs to be tackled with immediate medical aid.
Amongst the common yet less serious side effects of Zestril tiredness, lightheadedness, headache, tickling cough, muscle cramps, numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, arms, or legs, vomiting, stomach upset, diarrhea, a rash, impotence, inactive taste bud are notable.
Side effects like hoarseness, swollen face, mouth, hands, or feet, difficulty in swallowing, stomach pain, itching of skin, or yellow eyes or skin, abdominal distention, fever, increased amount of potassium in the body, confusion, nervousness are very rare but found.
ZESTRIL Overdose
It is highly recommended to avoid overdose of Zestril. The symptoms of overdose are extreme dizziness, weakness, fainting, and fatigue. Overdose of Zestril can also result in fluctuating blood pressure with risks. Rush to your doctor as soon as you have discovered that you have taken in double dose by mistake.
Missing a dose of Zestril may not be fatal, but influences the healing power. Just pop in the missed dose as soon as you remember. But if it is almost time for your next dose, just take in the scheduled one to avoid double dose.
ZESTRIL Usage Guidelines
Rely on your doctor for the best usage guidelines as your dose depends on a lot of physical factors. Normally each dose of Zestril is taken with a full glass of water. This drug can be taken with or without food. Regular intake of Zestril is also very important for best results. Don’t just stop using the drug if you feel better, without consulting your doctor. Immediately stop taking alcohol after you start taking Zestril. Also be very cautious while driving, machine operation etc. as Zestril causes drowsiness. Also stop taking common salt while the mediaction is on. Since Zestril causes dehydration take sumptuous amount of fluid.
Store Zestril at room temperature away from moisture and heat for effective results.
In some countries ZESTRIL may also be known as: Doxapril, Lisinal, Sedotensil, Tensopril, Tersif, Fibsol, Liprace, Lisinobell, Lisodur, Acemin, Acetan, Lisihexal, Lisinostad, Acerdil, Lipreren, Presokin, Tonotensil, Dapril, Diroton, Irumed, Lisinogen, Coric, Lisi Lich, Lisi-Puren, Lisi, Lisibeta, Lisihexal, Lisigamma, Adicanil, Axelvin, Gnostoval, Icoran, Leruze, Lisinospes, Nafordyl, Perenal, Press-12;, Pressuril, ByZestra, Zesger, Alfaken, Vivatec, Lisinoratio, Ecapril, Zetomax, Iricil, Tobicor, Acerilin, Sinopryl, Carace |