英文药名: Zaditen(Ketotifen Fumarate Syrup)

中文药名: 富马酸酮替芬糖浆

生产品牌药厂家: Novartis

药品名称

通用名称：酮替芬
英文名：Ketotifen
其它中文名：富马酸酮替芬、甲哌噻庚酮、萨地酮、酮替酚、噻喘酮、噻哌酮
其它英文名：Ketotifen Fumarate、Zaditen、Zasten
规格

缓释片: 2mg/片; 片剂：1mg／片。糖浆剂：1mg/5ml。
药理作用　

药效学
可抗组胺和抗过敏，其抗组胺的作用持续较长而抗过敏作用持续的时间较短，以上两种作用各自独立。
本品为新的抗变态反应药物，其特点是兼有很强的组胺 H1受体拮抗作用和抑制过敏反应介质释放的作用。其抗组胺作用较马来酸氯苯那敏(扑尔敏)强约 10倍，具有长效。另一方面，不仅抑制支气管周围粘膜下肥大细胞释放组胺、慢反应过敏物质，而且也抑制血液中嗜酸性粒细胞释放组胺、慢反应物质等，产生很强的抗过敏作用。在人体，不仅能抑制Ⅰ型变态反应中肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞释放组胺、慢反应过敏物质等反应介质，在 Ⅲ型变态反应中对嗜中性白细胞也有作用 。口服有效，作用持续时间较长，一日仅需给药 2次。
药动学
口服经胃肠道可迅速完全地被吸收。半衰期＜1 小时。当其血浆浓度达到100～200μg/ml时, 75％与蛋白结合。在猴试验中, 1/3～1/2药量由尿排泄,其余由粪便排出。本品为新的抗变态反应药物，其特点是兼有很强的组胺Ｈ1受体拮抗作用和抑制过敏反应介质释放的作用。其抗组胺作用较马来酸氯苯那敏（扑尔敏）强约10倍，且有长效。另一方面，不仅抑制支气管周围粘膜下肥大细胞释放组胺慢反应过敏物质，而且也抑制血液中嗜酸性粒细胞释放组胺慢反应物质等，产生很强的抗过敏作用，在人体不仅能抑制Ｉ型变态反应中肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞释放组胺、慢反应过敏物质等反应介质，在Ⅲ型变态反应中对嗜中性白细胞也有作用。口服有效，作用持续时间较长，一日仅需给药２次。
适应症　　

用于支气管哮喘或其他过敏性疾病的预防。
主要用于预防或治疗过敏性哮喘、混合性哮喘、过敏性支气管炎、过敏性鼻炎、各型荨麻疹、血管性水肿、异位性皮炎、瘙痒症、皮肤划痕症等。
用法用量

口服，每次1mg，每日2次。体重40kg以下者剂量酌情减少。
嗜睡反应者剂量减半，经1～2周嗜睡减轻或消失后再增至常量。
本品并用安眠药时，后者应适当减量。
使用本品2～3周，待哮喘症状缓解后，方可逐渐减少其他平喘药物的用量。谨遵医嘱!
禁用/慎用　

服用降血糖药物的糖尿病患者忌用，孕妇、驾驶员及其他需要高度注意力的工作人员慎用。
给药说明　　

①用药初期，中枢神经活动处于抑制状态，禁止驾驶车辆或操作精密仪器；
②本品系防止过敏和抗组胺药物，不直接作用于舒张支气管，因此本药对支气管哮喘的作用在服药后的 2—3周才出现。
不良反应　

本品的副作用主要为嗜睡、倦怠、胃肠道反应等。
①嗜睡，夜间服用嗜睡反应较少；
②少见的反应有：口干、恶心、头晕目眩、头痛、体重增加。
可有嗜睡、头晕、恶心、口于、头痛及体重增加等。
过量(10～120mg，血浆药物平均浓度为1～4mg/L，有高达5～122mg/L），其临床症状为：困倦、神志不清、昏迷、呼吸异常、心动过缓或心动过速、过度兴奋、惊厥和眼球震颤。
药物相互作用　

本品能增强各种镇定、安眠药的作用。

Drug Overview

Zaditen belongs to the family of drugs known as an antihistamine medicine and commonly used for the treatment or prevention of the symptoms of allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever) or allergic conjunctivitis. Zaditen works by blocking the actions of histamine. Zaditen helps and prevents your body from reacting to allergens that would normally cause your allergic symptoms, e.g. hayfever.

Allergy or hypersensitivity is an abnormal reaction to protein substances that occur naturally. If an allergic person is exposed to these substances called allergens, the body's immune system gets ready to fight them. White blood cells (B-lymphocytes) produce an antidote (antibody) against the allergen. The antibody sticks to the surface of the allergy cells. Now the body is ready to fight back the next time it is exposed to the allergen. This process is called sensitisation.

Zaditen is also used for the treatment and reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of asthma symptoms or attacks in children.

Zaditen always takes under doctor抯 guidance. The recommended doses of Zaditen will be different for different patients, according to the requirements of each patient; you continue to take it for as long as your doctor prescribes. If you can not tolerate the recommended dosage, your doctor can prescribe a dose that sufficient for you. Take Zaditen exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Zaditen is being manufactured by Paladin Pharmaceuticals and is available in 1mg Tablets. Zaditen is also available in generic form Ketotifen Fumarate. Zaditen may also be used for relieves other conditions that determined by your doctor or consultant.

Effects - How it works in the body

Zaditen belongs to the family of drugs known as an antihistamine medicine and commonly used for the treatment or prevention of the symptoms of allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis (hayfever) or allergic conjunctivitis. Zaditen works by blocking the actions of histamine. Zaditen helps and prevents your body from reacting to allergens that would normally cause your allergic symptoms, e.g. hayfever. Histamine is a substance produced by the body as part of its defence mechanisms. It is stored in cells called mast cells, in almost all tissues of the body. When the body reacts to a foreign substance known as an allergen, the mast cells stimulated by the allergen release their stores of histamine. The released histamine then binds to its receptors (H-1 receptors), causing a chain reaction that results in allergic symptoms. It causes an increase in blood flow to the area of the allergy, and the release of other chemicals that add to the allergic response. All this results in the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Zaditen is thought to work in a number of ways. Zaditen prevents the release of histamine from mast cells and also blocks H1 receptors, so that any histamine that is released is prevented from having an effect. By blocking the actions of histamine, Zaditen helps prevent your body from reacting to allergens that would normally cause your allergic symptoms, eg hayfever.

Side effects

Possible side effects that occurs during the uses of Zaditen:

Allergic reactions
Abdominal or stomach pain
Chills
Cough
Diarrhea
Fever
General feeling of discomfort or illness
Headache
Joint pain
Loss of appetite
Muscle aches and pains
Nausea
Runny nose
Shivering
Sore throat
Trouble sleeping
Vomiting
Blistering
Itching
Bloody or cloudy urine
Clay-colored stools
Convulsions
Dark urine
Difficult, burning, or painful urination
Dizziness
Frequent urge to urinate
Muscle spasm or jerking of all extremities
Rash
Sudden loss of consciousness
Unpleasant breath odor
Vomiting of blood
Unusual tiredness or weakness
Yellowing of the eyes or skin
Interactions

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, so its your responsibilities that tell your doctor or health care professional about all other medicines you are taking, including non-prescription medicines, nutritional supplements, or herbal products. Also you tell your doctor or health care professional if you are a frequent user of drinks with caffeine or alcohol, if you smoke, or addicted to illegal drugs. These may affect the working mechanism of Zaditen. In these cases, your doctor may change the dose or teach precautions may be necessary. Therefore when you are taking Zaditen, it is most important that your doctor or health care professional know if you are taking any of the following or other drugs:

Alchol

Antidiabetic agents

Antihistamines

Hypnotics

Sedatives

Counterindications