英文药名: Tenormin (Atenolol Tablets) 中文药名: 阿替洛尔片,天诺敏,氨酰心安 此药品需要处方 品牌药生产厂家: AstraZeneca 药品名称 通用名: 阿替洛尔片 英文名: ATENOLOL TABLETS 药品类别: 抗心律失常药 性状: 本品为白色片或糖衣片，除去糖衣后显白色。 药理毒理 为选择性β1肾上腺素受体阻滞剂，不具有膜稳定作用和内源性拟交感活性。但不抑制异丙肾上腺素的支气管扩张作用。其降血压与减少心肌耗氧量的机制与普奈洛尔相同。大规模临床试验证实，阿替洛尔可减少急性心肌梗死0~7天的死亡率。治疗剂量对心肌收缩力无明显抑制。 药代动力学 口服吸收很快，但不完全，口服吸收50%，于2~4小时达峰浓度，口服后作用持续时间较长，可达24小时，广泛分布于各组织，小量可通过血-脑脊液屏障。健康人的分布容积约50~75L。血中半衰期为6~7小时，主要以原形自尿排出，肾功能受损时半衰期延长，可在体内蓄积，血液透析时可予清除。本品脂质溶解度低，对脑部组织的渗透很低，而血浆蛋白结合率极低(6~16%）。 适应症 要用于治疗高血压、心绞痛、心肌梗死，也可用于心律失常、甲状腺机能亢进、嗜铬细胞瘤。 用法用量 口服 成人常用量：开始每次6.25~12.5mg，一日两次，按需要及耐受量渐增至 50~200mg。 肾功能损害时，肌酐清除率小于15ml/(min.1.73m2）者，每日25mg； 15~35ml/(min.1.73m2）者，每日最多50mg。 任何疑问，请遵医嘱！ 不良反应 在心肌梗死病人中，最常见的不良反应为低血压和心动过缓；其他反应可有头晕、四肢冰冷、疲劳、乏力、肠胃不适、精神抑郁、脱发、血小板减少症、牛皮癣样皮肤反应、牛皮癣恶化、皮疹及干眼等。罕见引起敏感病人的心脏传导阻滞。 禁忌症 1.Ⅱ-Ⅲ度心脏传导阻滞。 2.心源性休克者。 3.病窦综合症及严重窦性心动过缓。 注意事项 本品的临床效应与血药浓度可不完全平行，剂量调节以临床效应为准；肾功能损害时剂量须减少；有心力衰竭症状的患者用本品时，给与洋地黄或利尿药合用，如心力衰竭症状仍存在，应逐渐减量使用；本品的停药过程至少3天，常可达2周，如有撤药症状，如心绞痛发作，则暂时再给药，待稳定后渐停用；与饮食共进不影响其生物利用度；本品可改变因血糖降低而引起的心动过速；患有慢性阻塞性肺部疾病的高血压病人慎用；本药可使末梢动脉血循环失调，病人可能对用于治疗过敏反应常规剂量的肾上腺素无反应。 孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药 本品可通过胎盘屏障并出现在脐带血液中，缺乏头3个月使用本药的研究，不除外胎儿受损的可能。妊娠妇女较长时间服用本药，与胎儿宫内生长迟缓有关。本药在乳汁中有明显的聚集作用，哺乳期妇女服用时应谨慎小心。 儿童用药 用于儿童应从小剂量开始0.25~0.5mg/kg,每日二次。注意监测心率、血压。 老年患者用药 所需剂量可以减少，尤其是肾功能衰退的患者。 药物相互作用 与其他抗高血压药物及利尿剂并用，能加强其降压效果。Ⅰ类抗心律失常药、异搏定、麻醉剂要特别谨慎。β-受体阻滞剂会加剧停用氯压定引起的高血压反跳，如两药联合使用，本药应在停用氯压定前几天停用，如果用本药取代氯压定，应在停止服用氯压定数天后才开始β-受体阻滞剂的疗程。 药物过量 过度的心动过缓可静脉注射阿托品1～2mg，如有必要可随后静脉注射大剂量胰高血糖素10mg，可根据反应重复或随后静脉滴注胰高血糖素1～10mg/小时，若无预期效果，或没有胰高血糖素供应，可采用β-受体兴奋剂。 TENORMIN: 50mg x30s Tablets Brand Name: Tenormin Generic Name: Atenolol Atenolol is in a group of drugs called beta-blockers. Beta-blockers affect the heart and circulation (blood flow through arteries and veins). Atenolol is used to treat angina (chest pain) and hypertension (high blood pressure). It is also used to treat or prevent heart attack. TENORMIN {atenolol} Patient Education - English Generic Name: atenolol Pronounced: ah TEN oh lol Brand Name: Tenormin What is the most important information I should know about atenolol? Do not stop taking atenolol without first talking to your doctor. Stopping suddenly may make your condition worse. If you need to have any type of surgery, you may need to temporarily stop using atenolol. Be sure the surgeon knows ahead of time that you are using atenolol. Atenolol can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert. Avoid drinking alcohol, which could increase drowsiness and dizziness while you are taking atenolol. Atenolol is only part of a complete program of treatment for hypertension that may also include diet, exercise, and weight control. Follow your diet, medication, and exercise routines very closely if you are being treated for hypertension. If you are being treated for high blood pressure, keep using this medication even if you feel fine. High blood pressure often has no symptoms. You may need to use blood pressure medication for the rest of your life. Store atenolol at room temperature away from moisture and heat. What is atenolol? Atenolol is in a group of drugs called beta-blockers. Beta-blockers affect the heart and circulation (blood flow through arteries and veins). Atenolol is used to treat angina (chest pain) and hypertension (high blood pressure). It is also used to treat or prevent heart attack. Atenolol may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide. What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking atenolol? You should not use this medication if you are allergic to atenolol, or if you have certain heart conditions such as slow heartbeats, or heart block. Before taking atenolol, tell your doctor if you have: asthma, bronchitis, emphysema; diabetes; low blood pressure; a heart problem such as heart block, sick sinus syndrome, slow heart rate, or congestive heart failure; depression; liver or kidney disease; a thyroid disorder; myasthenia gravis; pheochromocytoma; or problems with circulation (such as Raynaud's syndrome). If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take this medication. FDA pregnancy category D. This medication can cause harm to an unborn baby. Do not use atenolol if you are pregnant. Tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment. Use an effective form of birth control while you are using this medication. Atenolol can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. How should I take atenolol? Take atenolol exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts or for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Take this medication with a full glass of water. Take atenolol at the same time every day. Do not skip doses or stop taking atenolol without first talking to your doctor. Stopping suddenly may make your condition worse. To be sure this medication is helping your condition, your blood pressure will need to be checked on a regular basis. Do not miss any visits to your doctor. If you need to have any type of surgery, tell the surgeon that you are using atenolol. You may need to briefly stop using atenolol before having surgery. Atenolol is only part of a complete program of treatment for hypertension that may also include diet, exercise, and weight control. Follow your diet, medication, and exercise routines very closely if you are being treated for hypertension. If you are being treated for high blood pressure, keep using this medication even if you feel fine. High blood pressure often has no symptoms. You may need to use blood pressure medication for the rest of your life. Store atenolol at room temperature away from moisture and heat. What happens if I miss a dose? Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If your next dose is less than 8 hours away, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose. What happens if I overdose? Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Overdose symptoms may include uneven heartbeats, shortness of breath, bluish-colored fingernails, dizziness, weakness, fainting, or seizure (convulsions). What should I avoid while taking atenolol? Atenolol can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert. Avoid drinking alcohol, which could increase drowsiness and dizziness while you are taking atenolol. What are the possible side effects of atenolol? Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects: slow or uneven heartbeats; feeling light-headed, fainting; feeling short of breath, even with mild exertion; swelling of your ankles or feet; nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); depression; or cold feeling in your hands and feet. Less serious side effects may include: decreased sex drive, impotence, or difficulty having an orgasm; sleep problems (insomnia); tired feeling; or anxiety, nervousness. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. What other drugs will affect atenolol? Before taking atenolol, tell your doctor if you are using: allergy treatments (or if you are undergoing allergy skin-testing); amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone); clonidine (Catapres); digoxin (digitalis, Lanoxin); disopyramide (Norpace); guanabenz (Wytensin); an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), tranylcypromine (Parnate), phenelzine (Nardil), or selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam); a diabetes medication such as insulin, glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase, Glynase), glipizide (Glucotrol), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), or metformin (Glucophage); a heart medication such as nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat), reserpine (Serpasil), verapamil (Calan, Verelan, Isoptin), diltiazem (Cartia, Cardizem); medicine for asthma or other breathing disorders, such as albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil), bitolterol (Tornalate), metaproterenol (Alupent), pirbuterol (Maxair), terbutaline (Brethaire, Brethine, Bricanyl), and theophylline (Theo-Dur, Theolair); or cold medicines, stimulant medicines, or diet pills. This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with atenolol. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor. Where can I get more information? Your pharmacist can provide more information about atenolol. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. 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