一级分类：抗生素 二级分类：抗真菌药 三级分类：
药品英文名:Nysfungin
药品别名:米可定、耐丝菌素、制真霉素、制霉菌素、Fungicidin、Mycostatin、Nilstat、Nystatin、Nystatine
药物剂型
1.片剂：10万U，25万U，50万U；
2.泡腾片：10万U；
3.混悬液：制霉菌素100万U加适量甘油、蒸馏水制成100ml；
4.软膏：1g:10万U；
5.滴耳液：1ml:5万U；
6.滴眼液：1ml:2000万U；
7.栓剂：10万U；
8.吸入剂：1g:10万U；
9.漱口剂：1ml:10万U。
药理作用
本药为多烯类抗真菌药。含有制霉菌素A1、A2和多真菌素B。本药可与真菌细胞膜上的固醇相结合，产生细胞膜通透性的改变，以致重要的细胞内容物漏失从而起抗真菌作用。本药为广谱抗真菌药。白色念珠菌、新型隐球菌、曲菌、毛癣菌和小孢子菌对本药敏感。此外，本药对组织胞浆菌、皮炎芽生菌、球孢子菌等也有抗菌活性。其抗菌谱与两性霉素B相似，但抗菌作用较弱。
药动学
口服本药后胃肠道不吸收，几乎全部自粪便中以药物原形排出。局部外用也不被皮肤和黏膜吸收。局部用药治疗念珠菌病，用药后24～72h达最大效应。
适应证
本药适用于黏膜皮肤念珠菌病的治疗，包括口服该药治疗肠道或食管念珠菌病；局部用药治疗口腔念珠菌感染、阴道念珠菌病和皮肤念珠菌病。
禁忌证
对制霉菌素及其任何成分过敏者禁用。
注意事项
1.口服混悬液时，将药液尽可能较长时间含于口中或在口腔中漱用，然后吞服。
2.为防止复发，患者应服药至症状消失后48h。
3.念珠菌感染常发生于免疫功能低下患者，如长期用肾上腺皮质激素或肿瘤用化疗、放疗患者，易发生口腔念珠菌感染，可间断短程局部用药。
不良反应
1.局部用药刺激不大，阴道用栓剂者个别可引起白带增多。
2.口服较大剂量时可发生腹泻、恶心、呕吐、胃痛。
用法用量
1.成人：
(1)口服给药：消化道念珠菌病：每天200万～400万U，分3～4次服。(2)局部用药：
①口腔念珠菌病：用甘油混悬液涂用，每天多次，每次10ml；
②皮肤念珠菌病：用软膏涂患处，每天2次；
③阴道念珠菌病：用阴道片或栓剂，每晚1～2粒(或片)；
④耳真菌病：用滴耳液滴耳，每天2～3次；
⑤膀胱感染：多聚醛制霉菌素钠5万单位溶于40～200ml生理盐水中，进行膀胱冲洗，每天2次。医学.
2.儿童口服给药：
(1)消化道念珠菌病：每千克体重5万～10万U，分3～4次服，连服7～10天。
(2)口腔念珠菌病：每天10万～20万U，分4次服用。连服7～10天。
药物相应作用
长期使用抗生素、肾上腺皮质激素、免疫抑制剂或体质虚弱者、免疫缺陷患者(如粒细胞缺乏者)、肿瘤患者应用细胞毒类药物均易发生真菌感染，必要时可考虑短疗程(5天左右)口服制霉菌素以防止念珠菌病的发生。
专家点评
本品是一种四烯类多组分抗真菌药。可与真菌细胞膜上的麦甾醇相结合，妨碍其渗透性，从而起到抗真菌作用。对念珠菌、隐球菌和滴虫均有较强的抑制作用。由于口服不吸收，故主要用于肠道及其黏膜部位以及皮肤的白色念珠菌感染。据国内报道本品主要用于治疗消化系统及皮肤黏膜念珠菌感染、支气管或膀胱真菌病，效果显著，有效率在80%以上。但静脉注射毒性大，口服不易吸收，不适用于全身感染，白色念珠菌对本品可产生耐药性。
Generic Name: nystatin (nye-STAT-in)
Brand Name: Mycostatin
Nystatin suspension is used for:
Treatment of fungal infections of the mouth. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Nystatin suspension is an antifungal. It works by weakening cell membranes of the sensitive fungus. This allows the cell contents to leak out and results in death of the fungus.
Do NOT use nystatin suspension if:
you are allergic to any ingredient in nystatin suspension
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Before using nystatin suspension:
Some medical conditions may interact with nystatin suspension. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with nystatin suspension. However, no specific interactions with nystatin suspension are known at this time.
Ask your health care provider if nystatin suspension may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
How to use nystatin suspension:
Use nystatin suspension as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Shake well before each use.
Use a measuring device marked for medicine dosing. Ask your pharmacist for help if you are unsure of how to measure your dose.
If the mouth is affected, place half the dose in each side of the mouth. Swish the medicine around the entire mouth. Retain the dose in your mouth as long as possible before swallowing, unless directed otherwise by your doctor.
Nystatin suspension works best if it is taken at the same time every day.
To clear up your infection completely, take nystatin suspension for the full course of treatment. Keep taking it even if you feel better in a few days.
If you miss a dose of nystatin suspension, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use nystatin suspension.
Important safety information:
Practice good oral hygiene, including proper care of dentures, while you are taking nystatin suspension.
Be sure to use nystatin suspension for the full course of treatment. If you do not, the medicine may not clear up your infection completely. The fungus could also become less sensitive to this or other medicines. This could make the infection harder to treat in the future.
Diabetes patients - Nystatin suspension may affect your blood sugar. Check blood sugar levels closely. Ask your doctor before you change the dose of your diabetes medicine.
PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using nystatin suspension while you are pregnant. It is not known if nystatin suspension is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use nystatin suspension, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.
Possible side effects of nystatin suspension:
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Diarrhea; nausea; stomach irritation; upset stomach; vomiting.
Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue).
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.
If OVERDOSE is suspected:
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include diarrhea; high blood pressure; nausea; serious irregular heartbeat; vomiting; wheezing.
Proper storage of nystatin suspension:
Store nystatin suspension at room temperature, between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C), in a tightly closed, light-resistant container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep nystatin suspension out of the reach of children and away from pets.
General information:
If you have any questions about nystatin suspension, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
Nystatin suspension is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.
If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.
Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.
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原产地英文商品名:NYSTATIN SUSPENION 100000u/ml 100mls/bottle
原产地英文药品名:NYSTATIN
中文参考商品译名:制霉菌素混悬剂 100000单位/毫升 100毫升/瓶
中文参考药品译名:制霉菌素