部分中文DIFLUCAN处方资料（仅供参考）

【药品名称】
药物名称：大扶康
英文名：Diflucan
别名: 大扶康；氟康唑；麦尼芬；麦道氟康
外文名：Fluconazole, Diflucan
【适应证】
1.念珠菌病用于治疗口咽部和食道感染；播散性念珠菌病，包括念珠菌菌血症、腹膜炎、肺炎、尿路感染等；念珠菌外阴阴道炎。尚可用于骨髓移植患者接受细胞毒类药物或放射治疗时，预防念珠菌感染的发生。
2.隐球菌病用于治疗脑膜以外的新型隐球菌病；在治疗艾滋病和非艾滋病患者的隐球菌脑膜炎时，本品可作为两性霉素B联合氟胞嘧啶初治后的长程维持治疗药物。
3.球孢子菌病。
4.芽生菌病、组织胞浆菌病本品可作为伊曲康唑的替代选用药物。
氟康唑目前在免疫缺陷者中的长程预防用药，已导致了念珠菌属等对氟康唑等吡咯类抗真菌药耐药性的增加，故需掌握指征，避免无指征预防用药。
 【不良反应】
氟康唑的不良反应发生率约10%～16%。主要表现有以下方面。
1.消化道反应：恶心、呕吐、腹痛或腹泻等。
2.过敏反应：可表现为皮疹，偶可发生严重的剥脱性皮炎、渗出性多形红斑，个别病例可发生过敏性休克。
3.肝毒性：氟康唑治程中可发生轻度一过性血清氨基转移酶升高，偶可出现肝毒性症状。并罕有死亡病例的报道，此多发生在原有严重基础疾患者，因此在氟康唑治疗开始前、治程中应定期检查肝功能，如肝功能出现持续异常或加剧，或出现肝毒性临床症状时均需立即中止治疗。
4.周围血象申|生粒细胞减少和血小板减少偶可发生，多呈一过性。
【禁忌证】
1.对氟康唑有过敏史者禁用，尚无资料表明氟康唑和其他吡咯类抗真菌药之间存在交叉过敏现象，但本品用于对其他吡咯类抗真菌药过敏者时必须谨慎。
2.本品禁止与特非那丁、西沙必利合用。
【注意事项】
1.肝毒性，通常氟康唑可致一过性肝功能异常，停药后恢复正常，但偶可致严重肝毒性，并有死亡病例报道，此发生于有严重基础疾病或情况的患者。因此应用氟康唑疗程中应严密观察并监测肝功能，一旦出现临床症状或肝功能持续异常，需立即停用该药。
2.氟康唑偶可致严重的剥脱性皮炎，因此在该药治程中，需密切观察，如出现皮疹呈进展性，则需中止治疗。此严重皮损在艾滋病和恶性肿瘤等严重基础情况者中易发生。
3.妊娠期应用，氟康唑高剂量投予动物时可出现流产、死胎增多等，在妊娠妇女中缺乏充足的、没有对照的临床研究资料。该药在孕妇中应用属c类(参见酮康唑章节)。仅在其可能的受益大于对胎儿潜在的危险性时，方可权衡利弊考虑是否用药。
4.氟康唑可分泌至乳妇乳汁，乳汁中药物浓度与血药浓度相仿，因此不推荐氟康唑用于乳妇。
5.小儿中应用，氟康唑用于日龄1日～17岁患者577例的安全性与成人相仿，该药用于6个月以下婴儿的病例数尚不多，其有效性的确立有待于临床资料的积累。
6.由于氟康唑主要自肾排出，因此治程中需定期随访肾功能检查。用于肾功能减退患者及老年患者需减量应用。
7.本品与肝毒性药物合用时，可使肝毒性的发生率增高，故需严密观察。
8.氟康唑应用疗程应视感染部位及个体治疗反应而定。一般治疗应持续至真菌感染的临床表现及实验室检查指标显示真菌感染消失为止。隐球菌脑膜炎或反复发作口咽部念珠菌病的艾滋病患者需氟康唑长期维持治疗以防止复发。
9.接受骨髓移植者，如严重粒细胞减少已先期发生，则应预防用氟康唑，直至中性粒细胞计数上升至1×109/L以上后7日。
【药物相互作用】
1.与甲磺丁脲、格列本脲和格列毗嗪等口服降糖药合用时，本品可减少该类药物在肝脏的代谢，使血浓度升高，可发生低血糖症，因此需监测血糖，并减少磺脲类降糖药的剂量。
2.与华法林等抗凝药合用时本品可增强其抗凝作用，致凝血酶原时间延长，并可发生出血倾向，应监测凝血酶原时间并谨慎使用。
3.苯妥英钠与氟康唑合用时，可使苯妥英钠的血浓度升高，因此两者同用时需监测苯妥英钠药浓度，并据此调整该药剂量。
4.高剂量氟康唑与环孢素合用时，可使环孢素血浓度升高，致毒性反应发生的危险性增加，因此必须在监测环孢素血浓度并调整剂量的情况下方可谨慎应用。
5.利福平与氟康唑合用时，可降低氟康唑的血浓度，可根据临床情况，必要时调整氟康唑剂量。   
6.与茶碱合用时，茶碱血浓度约可增高13%，可导致不良反应发生，需监测茶碱血浓度，必要时进行剂量调整。
7.特非那丁与氟康唑合用时可使特非那丁血浓度增高，致QT间期延长，可导致严重室性心律紊乱的发生，因此禁止两药合用。
8.西沙比利与氟康唑合用时可使前者血浓度升高，致QT间期延长，可导致严重室性心律紊乱的发生，包括尖端扭转室速，因此禁止两药合用。
9.阿司咪唑与氟康唑合用时，前者血药浓度亦可升高，需严密观察有无不良反应发生。
10.口服避孕药孕二烯酮与氟康唑合用时，前者的药时曲线下面积可增高。
11.免疫抑制剂他克莫司与氟康唑合用时，前者血药浓度可增高。
12.齐多夫定与氟康唑合用时，前者血药浓度增高。
13.氢氯噻嗪，可使氟康唑血浓度升高，可能与氢氯噻嗪使氟康唑肾清除减少有关。
【给药说明】
1.由于氟康唑口服吸收完全，其每日服剂量与静脉给药者相同。
2.氟康唑静脉滴注给药时，滴注最大速率为每小时200mg。
3.肾功能损害的成人患者，可按肾功能减退程度调整用药剂量。血液透析患者在每次透析后可投予全量(每日日量)，因在给予1次3小时血液透析后氟康唑血药浓度约降低50%。
【用法与用量】
1.成人常用量：①系统性念珠菌感染，包括念珠菌菌血症、播散性念珠菌病，第一日400mg，以后每日200～400mg，均为每日1次，疗程视病情而定，一般至少4周，症状缓解后至少持续2周。②食道念珠菌病，第1日200mg，以后每日100mg，至少3周，症状缓解后至少持续2周。根据治疗反应，也可加大剂量至每日400mg，每日1次。③口咽部念珠菌病，第1日200mg，以后每日100mg，每日1次，疗程至少2周。④念珠菌外阴阴道炎，150mg单剂口服。⑤预防念珠菌病，有预防用药指征者(参见适应证及给药说明)，口服200～400mg，每日1次。⑥隐球菌脑膜炎，初治者，首日400mg，1次静脉滴注，继以每日200～400mg，每日1次，用至脑脊液培养转阴后至少10～12周。本品用于艾滋病患者隐球菌脑膜炎抑制治疗防止复发时可予长程应用本品，每日200mg。
2.小儿常用量：①食道念珠菌病，第1日6mg/kg，随后予每日3mg/kg，每日1次，根据病情亦可加大至每日12mg/kg，每日1次，疗程至少3周，症状缓解后至少持续2周。②系统性念珠菌病，治疗播散性念珠菌感染每日6～12mg/kg，疗程视病情而定。③隐球菌脑膜炎，首日12mg/kg，继以每日6mg/kg，每日1次，根据病情亦可增至12mg/kg，每日1次，疗程为脑脊液细菌培养转阴后10～12周。艾滋病患者长程抑制复发治疗为每日6mg/kg，每日1次，长程治疗。小儿应用氟康唑的每日最高剂量不可超过600mg，早产儿(26～29周出生者)出生后首两周内氟康唑每次剂量同年长儿，但给药间期为72h，在首两周后可改为每日给药1次。
治疗隐球菌脑膜炎初期宜静脉给药。静脉滴注最大速率为每小时200mg。
DIFLUCAN®
(fluconazole) Tablets
(fluconazole) Injection - for Intravenous Infusion only
(fluconazole) for Oral Suspension
What is Diflucan?
Diflucan (fluconazole ) is an antifungal antibiotic.
Diflucan is used to treat infections caused by fungus, which can invade any part of the body including the mouth, throat, esophagus, lungs, bladder, genital area, and the blood.
Diflucan is also used to prevent fungal infection in people with weak immune systems caused by cancer treatment, bone marrow transplant, or diseases such as AIDS.
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What is the most important information I should know about Diflucan?
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to Diflucan, or similar drugs such as clotrimazole (Lotrimin), econazole (Spectazole), ketoconazole (Nizoral), miconazole (Monistat), sertaconazole (Ertaczo), sulconazole (Exelderm), terconazole (Terazol), tioconazole (Vagistat-1), or voriconazole (Vfend). Do not use Diflucan if you are also taking cisapride (Propulsid) or terfenadine (Seldane).
Before taking Diflucan, tell your doctor if you have liver disease, kidney disease, a heart rhythm disorder, or a history of "Long QT syndrome.
Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated. Diflucan will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
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What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Diflucan?
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to Diflucan, or similar drugs such as clotrimazole (Lotrimin), econazole (Spectazole), ketoconazole (Nizoral), miconazole (Monistat), sertaconazole (Ertaczo), sulconazole (Exelderm), terconazole (Terazol), tioconazole (Vagistat-1), or voriconazole (Vfend). Do not use Diflucan if you are also taking cisapride (Propulsid).
If you have any of these other conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take Diflucan
liver disease;
kidney disease;
a heart rhythm disorder; or
a personal or family history of "Long QT syndrome.
If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take Diflucan.
FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether Diflucan is harmful to an unborn baby. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Diflucan can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby
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How should I take Diflucan?
Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Your dose will depend on the infection you are treating. Vaginal infections are often treated with only one pill.
For other infections, your first dose may be a double dose. Carefully follow your doctors instructions. Tell your doctor if your symptoms do not improve.
Take this medicine with a full glass of water. Shake the oral suspension (liquid) well just before you measure a dose. To be sure you get the correct dose, measure the liquid with a marked measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated. Diflucan will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
Store the tablets at room temperature away from moisture and heat. You may store liquid Diflucan in a refrigerator, but do not allow it to freeze. Throw away any leftover liquid medicine that is more than 2 weeks old.
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What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at your next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
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What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Symptoms of a Diflucan overdose may include confusion or unusual thoughts or behavior.
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What should I avoid while taking Diflucan?
Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity while you are using Diflucan
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What are the possible side effects of Diflucan?
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);
fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms;
severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash;
easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness; or
seizure (convulsions).
Less serious Diflucan side effects may include:
mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or upset stomach;
headache;
dizziness;
unusual or unpleasant taste in your mouth; or
skin rash or itching.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
See also: Diflucan side effects in more detail
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What other drugs will affect Diflucan?
Before taking Diflucan, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:
a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin);
clopidogrel (Plavix);
cyclosporine (Gengraf, Sandimmune, Neoral);
an oral diabetes medicine such as glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide(Diabeta,Micronase,Glynase),tolbutamide (Orinase), tolazamide (Tolinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and others;
rifabutin (Mycobutin) or rifampin (Rifadin, Rifater, Rifamate, Rimactane);
a sedative such as diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), alprazolam (Xanax), or midazolam (Versed);
seizure medication such as phenytoin (Dilantin) or valproic acid (Depakene);
tacrolimus ((Prograf); or
theophylline (Theo-Dur, Theolair, Theochron, Elixophyllin, Slo-Phyllin, others).
If you are using any of these drugs, you may not be able to use Diflucan, or you may need dosage adjustments or special tests during treatment.
There may be other drugs not listed that can affect Diflucan. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.
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Where can I get more information?
Your pharmacist can provide more information about Diflucan.
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What does my medication look like?
Fluconazole is available with a prescription under the brand name Diflucan. Other brand or generic formulations may also be available. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about this medication, especially if it is new to you.
Diflucan 50 mg pink, trapezoidal tablets
Diflucan 100 mg pink, trapezoidal tablets
Diflucan 150 mg pink, oval tablets
Diflucan 200 mg pink, trapezoidal tablets
Diflucan Suspension 10 mg/mL orange-flavored suspension
Diflucan Suspension 40 mg/mL orange-flavored suspension
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United
States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist

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产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
DIFLUCAN TABLET 200mg/tab 30tabs/bottle
原产地英文药品名:
FLUCONAZOLE
中文参考商品译名:
大扶康片剂 200毫克/片 30片/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
氟康唑
生产厂家中文参考译名:
辉瑞
生产厂家英文名:
PFIZER
---------------------------------------------------------------
产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
DIFLUCAN TABLET 100mg/tab 30tabs/bottle
原产地英文药品名:
FLUCONAZOLE
中文参考商品译名:
大扶康片剂 100毫克/片 30片/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
氟康唑
生产厂家中文参考译名:
辉瑞
生产厂家英文名:
PFIZER
---------------------------------------------------------------
产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
DIFLUCAN TABLET 150mg/tab /bottle
原产地英文药品名:
FLUCONAZOLE
中文参考商品译名:
大扶康片剂 150毫克/片/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
氟康唑
生产厂家中文参考译名:
辉瑞
生产厂家英文名:
PFIZER
---------------------------------------------------------------
产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
DIFLUCAN TABLET 200mg/tab 5tabs/bottle
原产地英文药品名:
FLUCONAZOLE
中文参考商品译名:
大扶康片剂 200毫克/片 5片/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
氟康唑
生产厂家中文参考译名:
辉瑞
生产厂家英文名:
PFIZER
---------------------------------------------------------------
产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
DIFLUCAN TABLET 50mg/tab 30tabs/bottle
原产地英文药品名:
FLUCONAZOLE
中文参考商品译名:
大扶康片剂 50毫克/片 30片/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
氟康唑
生产厂家中文参考译名:
辉瑞
生产厂家英文名:
PFIZER