英文药名：Entamide（Diloxanide Amebamide）

中文药名：二氯尼特片  地洛奈特

给药说明

二氯尼特副作用;别名:安特酰胺、二氯散、地洛奈特、Entamide、Amebamide;二氯尼特适应症:治疗溶组织阿米巴、滴虫、肠鞭毛虫、利什曼原虫病。;二氯尼特药理学作用:本品是二氯乙酰胺类衍生物，为一种新型的抗阿米巴病药，在体外，能直接杀灭阿米巴原虫，其有效浓度为0.01～0.1μg/ml。

分类名称
一级分类：抗生素 二级分类：抗寄生虫药 三级分类： 
 
药品英文名
Diloxanide
 
药品别名
安特酰胺、二氯散、二氯尼特、地洛奈特、Entamide、Amebamide
 
药物剂型
片剂：0.25g，0.5g。
 
药理作用
本品是二氯乙酰胺类衍生物，为一种新型的抗阿米巴病药，在体外，能直接杀灭阿米巴原虫，其有效浓度为0.01～0.1μg/ml。
 
药动学
本品口服后，肠内吸收迅速，在动物实验中，约有60%～90%口服量的药物在48h内从尿排出，在前6h内排泄速度最快。
 
适应证
治疗溶组织阿米巴、滴虫、肠鞭毛虫、利什曼原虫病。

注意事项
肝功能不良者应酌情减量。
 
不良反应
本品不良反应轻微，较常见有如胃肠道胀气，偶可有呕吐、瘙痒和荨麻疹等。据报道，个别病例发生蛋白尿。可致血象改变，白细胞减少。
 
用法用量
口服，每次0.5g，每天3次，10天为1个疗程。
 
药物相应作用
(尚不明确)
 
专家点评
本品能直接杀灭阿米巴原虫。用于治疗肠内阿米巴病，作用缓和。单独应用时，是治疗无症状包囊携带患者的首选药；对慢性阿米巴痢疾也有效，对急性阿米巴痢疾效果差。

Diloxanide for Amoebiasis
Metronidazole and furazolidone are generally recognized as antiprotozoal drugs. But, while metronidazole is considered as the first line of treatment for amoebiasis, furazolidone has been cited as a weaker type. Diloxanide is also an amoebicide – an agent that kills protozoas. Diloxamide may seem to be more potent than furazolidone.
But, can diloxanide be an alternative for metronidazole in treating amoebiasis?
Amoebiasis or amebiasis is an infectious disease that involves protozoal infestation particularly with the Entamoeba histolytica specie. Generally, its symptoms include stomach cramps and diarrhea. However, serious cases of amoebiasis can also consist of vomiting, fever and bloody feces. Amoeba infection can spread throughout the organs of the body invading the liver, the lungs and even the brain.  As amoebiasis usually affects the colon wall, it can puncture its lining causing colitis, a swelling of the large intestine.  Untreated or serious amoeba infection may result to acute dysentery or chronic diarrhea.
Metronidazole is a recognized drug for amoebiasis. It is often the choice of most physicians to treat amoebiasis and to prevent its complications. However, diloxamide may also be promising. Compared to furazolidone, another anti-protozoal medicine which has lesser potency than metronidazole, diloxamide may be as efficient as metronidazole for amoebiasis.
Diloxamide facts
Diloxamide furoate was known for the brand name Furamide. It was discovered by the Boots Company PLC in 1956 and was used for the treatment of different cases of amoebiasis infection from 1977 to 1990. However, the brand name Furamide is non-existent anymore. While, diloxanide is available under the brandname Amicline 500mg (Franco- Indian) in India, diloxanide is generally popular in its generic name. In India and Vietnam, diloxanide can be found in combination with metronidazole or tinizole.
Diloxanide is categorized as luminal amoebicide. It can be used alone for eliminating amoeba cysts and can be used with tinidazole or metronidazole for severe amoebiasis.
In single or in combination form, Diloxanide can be available in tablet and suspension dosage forms. Diloxanide in single form is usually given one tablet three times a day for 10 days. In children, the dose of diloxanide is calibrated according to weight - 20mg of diloxanide per kilogram is given three times a day for ten days.
Some Diloxamide tradenames in combination formula:
ALDEZOL-DF (Alb. David) suspension with metronidazole 100 mg, diloxanide furoate 125 mg/5 ml ; tablet containing metronidazole 400 mg, diloxanide furoate 500 mg
AMEBIS FORTE (Zydus Cadila) tablet containing tinidazole 300 mg, diloxanide furoate 500 mg
ARISTOGYL PLUS (Aristo) tablet containing metronidazole 400 mg, diloxanide furoate 500 mg, simethicone 100 mg
•Special precautions and contraindications
Diloxamide should be used in precaution to breastfeeding mothers. It is contraindicated in pregnancy particularly during the first trimester.
•Side effects
The common side effects of diloxamide includes nausea, vomiting, flatulence, urticaria (skin allergy) and anorexia
•Drug interactions
Interestingly, diloxamide has no known drug interactions.
Diloxanide VS furazolidone VS metronizole for amoebiasis
Diloxanide is an effective treatment for intestinal amoebiasis. Furazolidone is also used for an amoeba infection of the small intestine which is giardiasis. However, furazolidone is commonly indicated for symptomatic treatment of mild cases of diarrhea caused by amoeba and bacteria. Between diloxamide and furazolidone, diloxamide is the better intestinal amoebicide.
With metronidazole, a nitroimidazole derivative, diloxanide works better in destroying the trophozoites and parasitic cysts within the intestines. Unfortunately, unlike metronidazole, diloxamide is least effective in eliminating E. histolica trophozoites (grown parasites) outside the intestines.

通用名称：二氯尼特糠酸莫米松
Therapeutic Class:  Antiprotozoal
Generic Name:    Diloxanide Furoate
Available Strength, Dosage Form and Commercial Pack
Dosage Form Commercial Pack
500 mg Tablet     10 X 10's

Damizol（二氯尼特糠/甲硝唑）
Damizol (Diloxanide Furoate / Metronidazole)
Damizol is a combination of diloxanide furoate and metronidazole, useful in the treatment of intestinal and extra intestinal amoebic infections. Diloxanide furoate is a luminal amoebicide acting on the amoebic cyst and trophozite within the lumen of the bowel. Metronidazole is a tissue amoebicide, affecting the parasite in the intestinal wall or other organs.