【商品名】优立新   
【通用名】氨苄西林钠舒巴坦钠、舒他西林、优力新、舒氨新、舒氨西林、氨苄西林-舒巴坦
【药理作用及用途】 本品为β-内酰胺酶抑制剂舒巴坦与半合成青霉素氨苄西林用亚甲基联接的双酯，易于在胃肠道吸收并迅速为体内的酯酶水解为舒巴坦及氨苄青霉素，生物利用度为80%。 舒巴坦是一广谱β-内酰胺酶抑制剂，对金葡菌及多数阴性杆菌产生的β内酰胺酶有强大的抑制作用，但某些阴性杆菌由染色体介导的β-内酰胺酶不易为舒巴坦抑制。在血清中的二个组份具有良好的协同抗菌作用，使氨苄西林的抗菌活性有了较大的提高，本品的抗菌谱与氨苄西林相同，但抗菌强度有较大的提高。 主要用于金葡菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、粪链球菌、流感杆菌与副流感杆菌及卡他布拉汉菌引起的呼吸系统感染，对大肠杆菌、克雷伯肺炎杆菌、变形杆菌引起的感染也有较好的疗效。

【适应症】 敏感菌引起的上呼吸道感染、尿道感染、腹膜炎、胆囊炎、子宫内膜炎、盆腔蜂窝组织炎、败血症、皮肤及软组织感染、骨关节感染及淋球菌感染。外科感染和预防。 

【剂型】片剂；注射粉剂。

【用法用量】空腹口服: 成人:一次375～750mg，每日2次。小儿:体重小于30kg者每日50mg/kg(体重)，分2次服用；体重大于30kg者按大人量服用。 注射粉剂750 mg成人1.5-12g/日，每6-8hr注射一次。儿童(<30kg)150mg/kg体重／日，每6-8hr注射一次。肾功能严重损害者减量。

【不良反应】①胃肠道不良反应发生率较少，主要为恶心、呕吐与腹泻。 ②可出现皮疹皮痒。 ③可能发生氨苄西林的一些不良反应。

【禁忌症】①青霉素过敏者禁用。 ②用药前应进行皮肤过敏试验，皮试阴性者方可用药。

【注意事项】抗药性微生物如真菌繁殖，发生二重感染时必须停药。长期治疗应定期检查肾、肝、造血器官系统情况。新生儿使用舒他西林应慎重。对病毒感染引起的单核细胞增多症，不能使用氨苄青霉素治疗。对妊娠和哺乳期的影响 动物繁殖研究已经证实，舒他西林没有损伤繁殖力或胚胎的迹象。但是对妊娠和哺乳期使用的安全性尚未证实。 　　

【药物毒理】本品为β-内酰胺酶抑制剂舒巴坦与半合成青霉素氨苄西林用亚甲基联接的双酯，易于在胃肠道吸收并迅速为体内的酯酶水解为舒巴坦及氨苄青霉素，生物利用度为80%。 舒巴坦是一广谱β-内酰胺酶抑制剂，对金葡菌及多数阴性杆菌产生的β内酰胺酶有强大的抑制作用，但某些阴性杆菌由染色体介导的β-内酰胺酶不易为舒巴坦抑制。在血清中的二个组份具有良好的协同抗菌作用，使氨苄西林的抗菌活性有了较大的提高，本品的抗菌谱与氨苄西林相同，但抗菌强度有较大的提高。 主要用于金葡菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、粪链球菌、流感杆菌与副流感杆菌及卡他布拉汉菌引起的呼吸系统感染，对大肠杆菌、克雷伯肺炎杆菌、变形杆菌引起的感染也有较好的疗效。

生产厂家:辉瑞

 
Unasyn
Generic Name: ampicillin and sulbactam (Injection route)
am-pi-SIL-in SOE-dee-um, sul-BAK-tam SOE-dee-um

Commonly used brand name(s):
In the U.S.
Unasyn
Available Dosage Forms:
Powder for Solution
Therapeutic Class: Antibiotic
Pharmacologic Class: Ampicillin

Uses For Unasyn
Ampicillin and sulbactam combination is used to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body.

Ampicillin and sulbactam combination is an antibiotic that belongs to the group of medicines known as penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors. It works by killing the bacteria and preventing their growth. However, this medicine will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections.

This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Pharmacologic Class: Ampicillin

Before Using Unasyn
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of ampicillin and sulbactam combination in children with skin infections. However, safety and efficacy have not been established in children below 1 year of age.

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of ampicillin and sulbactam combination in children with bowel or stomach infections. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Geriatric
No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of ampicillin and sulbactam combination in geriatric patients.

Breast Feeding
There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Ethinyl Estradiol
Etonogestrel
Khat
Mestranol
Norelgestromin
Norethindrone
Norgestrel

Pharmacologic Class: Ampicillin

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
Diarrhea—Use with caution. May make this condition worse.
Kidney disease—Use with caution. The effects may be increased because of slower removal from the body.
Mononucleosis (”mono”)—Should not be used in patients with this condition

Pharmacologic Class: Ampicillin

Proper Use of Unasyn
A nurse or other trained health professional will give you this medicine in a hospital. This medicine is given as a shot into one of your muscles or through a needle placed in one of your veins.

Precautions While Using Unasyn
Your doctor will check your progress closely while you are receiving this medicine. This will allow your doctor to see if the medicine is working properly and to decide if you should continue to take it.

This medicine may cause serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention. Call your doctor right away if you have itching; hives; hoarseness; shortness of breath; trouble breathing; trouble swallowing; or any swelling of your hands, face, or mouth after you receive this medicine.

Ampicillin and sulbactam combination may cause diarrhea, and in some cases it can be severe. Do not take any medicine to treat diarrhea without first checking with your doctor. Diarrhea medicines may make the diarrhea worse or make it last longer. If you have any questions about this or if mild diarrhea continues or gets worse, check with your doctor.

Before you have any medical tests, tell the doctor in charge that you are taking this medicine. The results of some tests may be affected by this medicine.

This medicine may decrease the effects of some oral contraceptives (birth control pills). To avoid an unwanted pregnancy, it is a good idea to use additional contraceptive measures with your pills (e.g. condoms, a diaphragm, or a contraceptive foam or jelly) while using this medicine.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements

Pharmacologic Class: Ampicillin

Unasyn Side Effects
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Less common
Changes in skin color
diarrhea
pain, tenderness, or swelling of the foot or leg

Rare
Bloody nose
burning while urinating
chest pain, discomfort, or pressure
chills
decrease in frequency of urination
decrease in urine volume
difficulty in passing urine (dribbling)
flushing or redness of the skin
painful urination
swelling
swelling or puffiness of the face
tightness in the throat
unusually warm skin

Incidence not known
Abdominal or stomach cramps or tenderness
black, hairy tongue
blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin
bloating
cough or hoarseness
cracks in the skin
diarrhea, watery and severe, which may also be bloody
fever
fever with or without chills
general feeling of tiredness or weakness
increased thirst
itching
joint or muscle pain
loss of heat from the body
lower back or side pain
nausea or vomiting
pain
red, irritated eyes
red, swollen skin
scaly skin
severe stomach pain
sore throat
sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth
swelling or inflammation of the mouth
unusual bleeding or bruising
unusual tiredness or weakness
unusual weight loss
vomiting

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common
Bleeding, blistering, burning, coldness, discoloration of the skin, feeling of pressure, hives, infection, inflammation, itching, lumps, numbness, pain, rash, redness, scarring, soreness, stinging, swelling, tenderness, tingling, ulceration, or warmth at the injection site

Rare
Excess air or gas in the stomach or intestines
full or bloated feeling
general feeling of discomfort or illness
headache
passing gas
pressure in the stomach
redness, swelling, or soreness of the tongue
swelling of the abdominal or stomach area
white patches in the mouth or throat or on the tongue
white patches with diaper rash
Incidence not known
Burning feeling in the chest or stomach
indigestion
stomach upset
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

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