盐酸阿糖胞苷注射粉剂（阿糖胞嘧啶）为抗代谢类抗肿瘤药。主要干扰DNA的合成，为细胞周期特异性药物，且具有抗病毒作用。适用于急性白血病，对急性粒细胞性白血病效果较好，对急性单核细胞性白血病、慢性粒细胞性白血病亦有一定疗效,头颈部鳞癌。

【性状】常用其盐酸盐，为白色晶末。极易溶于水。熔点189～195℃（分解）。 　　
【药理及应用】为抗嘧啶药物，在细胞内先经脱氧胞苷酶催化磷酸化，转变为有活性的阿糖胞苷酸（Ara-CMP），再转为二磷酸及三磷酸阿糖胞苷（Ara-CDP及Ara-CTP）而起作用，主要用于急性白血病，但对少数实体瘤也有效。现认为本品主要通过与三磷酸脱氧胞苷竞争，而抑制DNA多聚酶，干扰核苷酸参入DNA。并能抑制核苷酸还原酶，阻止核苷酸转变为脱氧核苷酸。但对RNA和蛋白质的合成无显著作用。属于一作用于S期的周期特异性药物，并对G1／S及S／G2转换期也有作用。 　　
本品口服吸收少，且易在消化系统内脱氨失活。静脉注射后迅速从血中消失，T1/2为3～15分，消除相的T1/2为2～3小时，药物在体内主要在肝中由苷脱氨酶催化脱氨，转变为无活性的阿糖尿苷。24天后从尿中排出70％～90％，主要为代谢物。静脉滴注药物可通过血脑屏障，脑脊液浓度为血浆中的40％，因脑脊液中脱氨酶含量低，其t1/2长达2～11小时。 　　
相互作用：四氢尿苷可抑制脱氨酶，延长阿糖胞苷血浆半衰期，提高血中浓度，起增效作用。使用胞苷也有类似增效作用。 　　本品可使细胞部分同步化，继续应用柔红霉素、阿霉素、环磷酰胺及亚硝脲类药物可以增效。在用药后6～8小时，再用6-MP可加强对粒细胞白血病的疗效。本品不应与5-FU井用。 　　临床适应证：Ara-C主要治疗急性白血病及消化道癌，对多数实体肿瘤无效。眼部带状疱疹、单纯疱疹性结膜炎也有一定疗效。 　　
【用法】静脉注射，1次1～2mg／kg，每日1次，连用10～14天为一疗程。或4～6mg／kg，每周2次。也可静脉滴注，每日5～7.5mg／kg，点滴8～12小时，连用4～5天。皮下注射，多用于维持治疗，每次1～3mg／kg，每周1～2次。鞘内注射，每次25～75mg溶于生理盐水5～10ml中，隔日1次，共次。预防脑膜白血病，每6周注射1次。 　　
【注意】骨髓抑制、消化道反应常见，少数病人可有肝功异常、发热、皮疹。用药期间应严格检查血象。 　　
【贮法】避光，严封，在冷处保存。干燥的药粉在22℃下可保存2年不变。配制好的注射液可在冰箱中保存7天，室温下仅能保存24小时。

【原产地英文商品名】CYTARABINE 20MG/ML AQUEOUS VIAL 25ML
【原产地英文药品名】CYTARABINE 20MG/ML AQUEOUS VIAL 25ML
【中文参考商品译名】
提示：以下产品不同的规格和不同的价格，购买时请以电话咨询为准
·阿糖胞苷 500毫克粉末/10毫升/注射液/瓶
·阿糖胞苷2克粉末/50毫升/注射液/瓶
·阿糖胞苷 20毫克水溶液/50毫升/注射液/瓶
·阿糖胞苷 20毫克水溶液/25毫升/注射液/瓶
·阿糖胞苷 1克粉末/10毫升/注射液/瓶
·阿糖胞苷 100毫克粉末/毫升，10毫升/注射液/瓶

Cytarabine review

Cytarabine is an antineoplastic drug. It slows down the growth and spread of the cancer cells in the body to effectively cure certain types of cancer.

Cytarabine is available under the brand name DepoCyt, Tarabine PFS, and Cytosar U. It is given to individuals who have acute myeloid leukemia and lymphomas. It can also be used to cure herpes virus infection with its antiviral properties.

Cytarabine comes in various forms. It can be injected into the veins through cannula, a fine tube that is placed in the rear of the hand. It can also be administered through a thin plastic tube that is inserted beneath the skin into a vein. It can also be given through a tube placed inside the PICC line, or through infusion via the cannula.

The dosage is usually dependent on the condition that is being treated, as well as the patient’s response to therapy, the stage of cancer, the size of the body, and the other drugs being used.

Treatment is usually given daily for a certain period followed by a break. The treatment schedule is then repeated after the rest period.

Cytarabine may result to various side effects. For instance, patients may have a decreased resistance to infection. This can be experienced a week after taking Cytarabine. This is due to the reduction of white blood cells, making a person more likely to develop infections.

Patients may also experience bleeding since Cytarabine decreases the production of platelets instrumental in making the blood clot. Patients should inform their doctors if they experienced abnormal bleeding like nosebleeds, bleeding gums, and blood spots.

Users of Cytarabine may also experience decrease in red blood cells, or anemia. This could result to patients becoming exhausted or breathless.

Those who use Cytarabine may also experience vomiting or nausea. This is usually experienced once the patient takes Cytarabine and may last for a couple of hours. Doctors usually prescribe anti-emetic medication to reduce these side effects.

Cytarabine may also result to users having diarrhea. This can be remedied by taking more fluids like water.

Other side effects may include loss of appetite, increased uric acid level in the blood, sore ulcers and mouth, taste changes, and gritty eyes.

Cancer usually increases the chances of a patient developing thrombosis, and this risk can be further increased when undergoing chemotherapy. Blood clots usually cause symptoms like pain and swelling of the leg, chest pains and breathlessness. Patients should inform their doctors if they have experienced any of these symptoms while taking Cytarabine.

Certain medications may interact negatively when taken with Cytarabine. Patients should reveal to their doctors any drug, whether prescription or non-prescription that they are taking.

Patients may also experience pain at the injected place while the drug is being administered. Patients should inform their doctors or nurse who can help in reducing the painful feeling.

Cytarabine may also affect the fertility of those who are using it. It is also not recommended for pregnant women to take Cytarabine since it can harm the developing fetus.