【化学名】9-[4-羟基-3-(羟甲基)丁基卜鸟嘌吟

【适用症】口唇或面部单纯疱疹、生殖器疱疹。

【注意事项】
1.不推荐用于黏膜，因刺激作用，勿用于眼内及眼周。
2.严重免疫功能缺陷患者(如爱滋病或骨髓移植患者)应在医生指导下应用。

【用法与用量】外用：涂于患处，每天4～5次，应尽早开始治疗(如有先兆或损害出现时)。

【禁忌症】对喷昔洛韦乳膏过敏者禁用。

【儿童用药注意事项】儿童应在医生指导下使用。

【孕妇、哺乳期妇女用药注意事项】妊娠、哺乳期妇女在医生指导下使用。

【不良反应】未见全身不良反应，偶见用药局部灼热感、疼痛、瘙痒等。

【药物相互作用】尚不明确。

【药理】
喷昔洛韦乳膏为核苷类抗病毒药，体外对I型和II型单纯疱疹病毒有抑制作用，在病毒感染细胞中，病毒胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷激酶将喷昔洛韦乳膏磷酸化为喷昔洛韦单磷酸盐，然后细胞激酶将喷昔洛韦单磷酸盐转化为喷昔洛韦三磷酸盐。体外实验表明，喷昔洛韦三磷酸盐与脱氧鸟嘌呤核苷三磷酸盐竞争性抑制单纯疱疹病毒多聚酶，从而选择性抑制单纯疱疹病毒DNA的合成和抑制。耐喷昔洛韦乳膏的单纯疱疹病毒突变株的产生是由于病毒胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷激酶或DNA多聚酶性质发生了改变，最常见耐阿昔洛韦的病毒突变株缺乏胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶，它们对喷昔洛韦乳膏也耐药。

【药物代谢动力学】
文献报道，健康男性志愿者12人，单次或多次使用1%喷昔洛韦软膏(每次180mg，约为临床常用剂量的67倍)，在血浆或尿中未检出喷昔洛韦。

【性状】喷昔洛韦乳膏为乳剂型基质的白色软膏。

【贮藏】密闭，置阴凉处保存。

【原产地英文商品名】DENAVIR 1% CREAM 1.5g/piece
【原产地英文药品名】PENCICLOVIR
【中文参考商品译名】DENAVIR1%乳膏 1.5克/支
【中文参考药品译名】喷昔洛韦
【生产厂家中文参考译名】DENCO ASSET
【生产厂家英文名】DENCO ASSET

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Generic Name:
Penciclovir topical

Brand Names:
Denavir

Denavir Description:
Denavir is a prescription antiviral cream used topically to treat recurrent herpes labialis, or cold sores. Denavir is safe for use in adults and children 12 years of age and older. The cream is used only on the lips and face, and it treats cold sores and fever blisters related to herpes simplex virus type 1.

Denavir Uses:
Denavir is indicated for the treatment of a common viral infection known as herpes labialis, or cold sores. This infection, caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1, can easily spread from one person to another and usually occurs around the mouth. The condition is characterized by the development of small, painful blisters on the mouth, lips, or gums.

Herpes labialis is a highly contagious disease and can be contracted either directly or through items used by the infected person. The infection commonly spreads from one person to another through infected razors, towels, dishes, and other such articles.

During the period of initial infection, there are usually no visible symptoms or cold sores, as the virus can remain in the nerve tissue of the face. Eventually, the latent virus reactivates and causes recurrent cold sores in the same area. These cold sores are typically not serious, but complications or blindness can occur if the sores develop near the eyes.

The signs and symptoms associated with this infection usually appear within one to two weeks after contracting the herpes simplex virus. In most cases, symptoms disappear within seven to ten days, when the virus becomes dormant and remains in the nerve tissues of the face. Reactivation of the virus can occur repeatedly, with blisters forming in the same areas or near the original site.

The recurrence of this infection can be caused by the following factors:
Menstrual periods for women
Physical or emotional stress
Illness
Fever
Exposure to sun

The major signs and symptoms of this infection include:
Development of lesions or rashes on the skin around the lips, mouth, and gums
Appearance of small blisters or vesicles filled with yellow fluid
Painful blisters that may break or ooze yellow fluid
Formation of yellow crusts 
Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck
Mild fever (occasionally)
Diagnosis for herpes labialis is usually done on the basis of the culture of lesions or blisters. It can be also detected by a viral culture known as a Tzanck test or Tzanck smear.

Denavir Interactions:
Avoid applying other topical medications to the areas being treated with Denavir.

Denavir Dosage Information:
Typical Dosage Recommendation:

Patients should apply the ointment to the affected area every two hours, while awake, for a period of four days.

To apply Denavir cream:
Wash and dry your hands and face.
Apply a layer of Denavir covering only the cold sore or the area of tingling (or other symptoms) before the cold sore appears.
Rub the cream in until it disappears.
Wash your hands with soap and water after using Denavir.

Even though Denavir works at the blister stage, treatment should be started at the earliest sign of a cold sore, such as:
Tingling
Redness
Itching
Bump

Missing a Dose:
If you forget to apply a dose of this ointment, skip the missed dose and continue with your normal dosing schedule. Never apply this medication more often than prescribed.

Overdosing:
No information has been provided on the overdose of this medication. Because it is poorly absorbed when taken orally, reactions related to ingestion are unlikely.

Denavir FDA Approval:
September 24, 1996

Denavir Recall/Black Box Warning Information:
There are no recalls or Black Box warnings for Denavir.