英文药名: Pilopine HS(pilocarpine Gel) 中文药名: 毛果芸香碱眼用凝胶 品牌药生产厂家: Alcon Labratories Inc. 药品简介 毛果芸香碱眼凝胶属化药新药5类。 作为眼科局部应用的缩瞳药，毛果芸香碱属拟胆碱药，它直接作用于M-胆碱受体产生毒蕈碱样作用。 作用机理： 1、作用于瞳孔括约肌，引起缩瞳，牵引巩膜小梁，拉开虹膜根部，开放房角使房水流畅而降低眼压。 2、作用于睫状体使其收缩，牵引巩膜，扩大巩膜小梁网眼，改善房水外流而降低眼压。 临床利用其缩瞳、降眼压作用治疗开角型青光眼和闭角型青光眼。 青光眼的发病率和患病率较高，在眼科的门诊病人中占8.5%。因此，开发研制新的治疗青光眼的药物制剂具有较大的市场空间。毛果芸香碱用于治疗青光眼已有100多年的历史，虽然近年来，国内外相继开发出几种新的治疗青光眼的药物（噻吗心安、碳酸酐酶抑制剂等），但因副作用较大，或药物的价格昂贵，使其应用受到限制，而毛果芸香碱因疗效好、价格低廉，目前仍是大多数医生作为治疗青光眼的首选药物。 但由于其滴眼液在治疗时，作用时间较短，每天需要多次用药，因有缩瞳及增强调节作用，白天常引起瞳孔大小和屈光度波动，存在较大的局限性，因此它的使用也受到限制。 国外早在二十世纪70年代就开始了毛果芸香碱新剂型的研究，现在已经有凝胶剂和眼用植入剂等新剂型上市。国内对毛果芸香碱的制剂研究很少，现在仍然只有滴眼液一个眼用品种，制剂的品种单一，极大地限制了毛果芸香碱的临床应用。为此，研究开发了硝酸毛果芸香碱眼凝胶。 硝酸毛果芸香碱眼凝胶，选择卡波沫为凝胶基质。作为一种药用辅料，卡波沫在国外已应用多年，具有释药快、药效持久、无油腻性、易涂展、粘附性好、对皮肤及粘膜无刺激等特点，已被中国药典2000年版收载。硝酸毛果芸香碱眼凝胶与硝酸毛果芸香碱滴眼液比较，具有在眼内停留时间长，具缓释效果，副作用小，给药方便，患者耐受性好等特点。 国外对于毛果芸香碱眼用凝胶的研究开展得较早，1996年Alcon公司就分别在美国和英国上市了该制剂，美国上市的商品名为Pilopine HS,英国上市的商品名为Pilogel。本品原料药已被中国药典2000版收载；国内仅有滴眼液用于治疗青光眼，为治疗青光眼的首选一线用药，临床用量居各类抗青光眼药物的前列；近年又有片剂批准上市，但其适应症为治疗癌症患者放化疗引起的口干，未见有其他的剂型被批准进行临床研究或生产。 目前我们已获得SDA签发的临床批件。 包装规格： 4% 1支 x 5gm (克)  4% 3支 x 5gm (克)   Pilopine Hs 4% Gel 1X4 Gm Mfg. By Alcon Ophthalmic Prod USES: This medication reduces pressure in the eye. It is used to treat glaucoma. HOW TO USE: Wash hands first. Avoid touching the tip of the tube to any surface. Tilt head back and pull down lower eyelid to make a pouch. Place the tube as near as possible to the eyelid without touching it. Squeeze a 1/2 inch ribbon of gel into the pouch of the eyelid. Blink your eyes a few times to allow dispersion of the gel over the eye surface. Wipe off any excess gel from the eyelids and eyelashes with tissue. Close lid tightly. Wash hands again to remove any gel that may have come into contact with your hands. SIDE EFFECTS: Headache, brow ache, or temporary burning or stinging may occur initially. These effects should disappear as your body adjusts to the medication. Vision may be temporarily blurred or unstable after applying gel. Use caution if driving or performing duties requiring clear vision. This medication may cause vision problems in poor light. Use caution especially when driving at night. Crusting of gel on eyelids or eyelashes may occur causing them to stick together. If this occurs, wash them with water. Also, contact your doctor if blurred vision persists more than several hours in the morning after bedtime use. Inform your doctor if you develop: vision changes, eye pain, nausea, vomiting, sweating, increased salivation, diarrhea. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist. PRECAUTIONS: Before using this medication, tell your doctor if you have: other eye problems, asthma, intestinal disease, ulcers, low or high blood pressure, heart disease, an overactive thyroid gland, seizures, Parkinson's disease. Before having surgery with a general anesthetic, tell the doctor or dentist that you use this medication. Do not allow anyone else to use this medication. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known if this medication appears in breast milk. Consult with your doctor before breast-feeding. DRUG INTERACTIONS: This drug can affect the way your body responds to other drugs. Tell your doctor what prescription and nonprescription drugs you are taking. Do not use any drugs, including nonprescription medications, without consulting your doctor. Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval. OVERDOSE: If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately.