部分中文阿糖胞苷处方资料（仅供参考）

【性状】常用其盐酸盐，为白色晶末。极易溶于水。熔点189～195℃（分解）。 　　
【药理及应用】为抗嘧啶药物，在细胞内先经脱氧胞苷酶催化磷酸化，转变为有活性的阿糖胞苷酸（Ara-CMP），再转为二磷酸及三磷酸阿糖胞苷（Ara-CDP及Ara-CTP）而起作用，主要用于急性白血病，但对少数实体瘤也有效。现认为本品主要通过与三磷酸脱氧胞苷竞争，而抑制DNA多聚酶，干扰核苷酸参入DNA。并能抑制核苷酸还原酶，阻止核苷酸转变为脱氧核苷酸。但对RNA和蛋白质的合成无显著作用。属于一作用于S期的周期特异性药物，并对G1／S及S／G2转换期也有作用。 　　

本品口服吸收少，且易在消化系统内脱氨失活。静脉注射后迅速从血中消失，T1/2为3～15分，消除相的T1/2为2～3小时，药物在体内主要在肝中由苷脱氨酶催化脱氨，转变为无活性的阿糖尿苷。24天后从尿中排出70％～90％，主要为代谢物。静脉滴注药物可通过血脑屏障，脑脊液浓度为血浆中的40％，因脑脊液中脱氨酶含量低，其t1/2长达2～11小时。 　　

相互作用：四氢尿苷可抑制脱氨酶，延长阿糖胞苷血浆半衰期，提高血中浓度，起增效作用。使用胞苷也有类似增效作用。 　　

本品可使细胞部分同步化，继续应用柔红霉素、阿霉素、环磷酰胺及亚硝脲类药物可以增效。在用药后6～8小时，再用6-MP可加强对粒细胞白血病的疗效。本品不应与5-FU井用。 　　

临床适应证：Ara-C主要治疗急性白血病及消化道癌，对多数实体肿瘤无效。眼部带状疱疹、单纯疱疹性结膜炎也有一定疗效。 　　
【用法】静脉注射，1次1～2mg／kg，每日1次，连用10～14天为一疗程。或4～6mg／kg，每周2次。也可静脉滴注，每日5～7.5mg／kg，点滴8～12小时，连用4～5天。皮下注射，多用于维持治疗，每次1～3mg／kg，每周1～2次。鞘内注射，每次25～75mg溶于生理盐水5～10ml中，隔日1次，共次。预防脑膜白血病，每6周注射1次。 　　
【注意】骨髓抑制、消化道反应常见，少数病人可有肝功异常、发热、皮疹。用药期间应严格检查血象。 　　
【贮法】避光，严封，在冷处保存。干燥的药粉在22℃下可保存2年不变。配制好的注射液可在冰箱中保存7天，室温下仅能保存24小时。
阿糖胞苷 (Cytarabine)国外自50年代于隐南瓜海绵中发现了胸腺嘧啶核苷，简称海绵胸苷，此后又分离出海绵尿苷及海绵核苷，它们均属于阿拉伯糖苷类，以游离状态存在于海绵组织中。我国于南海岁氏豆荚软珊瑚 Lobophytum chevalieri 及佳丽鹿角珊瑚 Acropora pulchra 中均提得了胸腺嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷等。这些化合物的发现为人们合成核苷类药物提供了天然模式。在此基础上，后来合成了D-阿拉伯糖胞嘧啶，即现在的阿糖胞苷 (Arabinoside Cytosine, Ara-C)[66]，能通过抑制DNA聚合酶而干扰DNA的合成。临床主要治疗急性白血病及消化道癌，对单纯疱疹性结膜炎亦有效。目前应用最广的抗癌药氟尿嘧啶，也是据此设想合成的。

Cytarabine Solution for injection
What is this medicine?
CYTARABINE, ARA-C (sye TARE a been) is a chemotherapy drug. This medicine reduces the growth of cancer cells and can suppress the immune system. It is used for treating leukemias or lymphomas. It is often given with other cancer drugs.
This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?

They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
•bleeding problems
•infection (especially a virus infection such as chickenpox, cold sores, or herpes)
•kidney disease
•liver disease
•recent or ongoing radiation therapy
•an unusual or allergic reaction to cytarabine or ARA-C, benzyl alcohol, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
•pregnant or trying to get pregnant
•breast-feeding

How should I use this medicine?

This medicine is for injection or infusion into a vein, or for injection under the skin. It may also be given into the spinal fluid. It is administered in a hospital or clinic by a doctor or health care professional.

Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. While this drug may be prescribed for selected conditions, precautions do apply.

Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.

What may interact with this medicine?

•digoxin
•fluorocytosine
•gentamicin
•vaccines

Talk to your doctor or health care professional before taking any of these medicines:
•aspirin
•acetaminophen
•ibuprofen
•ketoprofen
•naproxen

This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.

What should I watch for while using this medicine?

Visit your doctor for checks on your progress. This drug may make you feel generally unwell. This is not uncommon, as chemotherapy can affect healthy cells as well as cancer cells. Report any side effects. Continue your course of treatment even though you feel ill unless your doctor tells you to stop.

In some cases, you may be given additional medicines to help with side effects. Follow all directions for their use.

Call your doctor or health care professional for advice if you get a fever, chills or sore throat, or other symptoms of a cold or flu. Do not treat yourself. This drug decreases your body's ability to fight infections. Try to avoid being around people who are sick.

This medicine may increase your risk to bruise or bleed. Call your doctor or health care professional if you notice any unusual bleeding.

Be careful brushing and flossing your teeth or using a toothpick because you may get an infection or bleed more easily. If you have any dental work done, tell your dentist you are receiving this medicine.

Avoid taking products that contain aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, or ketoprofen unless instructed by your doctor. These medicines may hide a fever.

Do not have any vaccinations without your doctor's approval and avoid anyone who has recently had oral polio vaccine.

Do not become pregnant while taking this medicine. Women should inform their doctor if they wish to become pregnant or think they might be pregnant. There is a potential for serious side effects to an unborn child. Talk to your health care professional or pharmacist for more information. Do not breast-feed an infant while taking this medicine.

What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?

Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
•low blood counts - this medicine may decrease the number of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. You may be at increased risk for infections and bleeding.
•signs of infection - fever or chills, cough, sore throat, pain or difficulty passing urine
•signs of decreased platelets or bleeding - bruising, pinpoint red spots on the skin, black, tarry stools, blood in the urine
•signs of decreased red blood cells - unusually weak or tired, fainting spells, lightheadedness
•breathing problems
•changes in vision
•feeling faint or lightheaded, falls
•fever
•headache
•mouth sores
•neck stiffness and/or pain
•seizures
•stomach pain
•unsteady in walking
•vomiting

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
•bone pain or muscle aches and pains
•confusion
•dizziness
•feeling tired and weak
•loss of appetite
•nausea

This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Where should I keep my medicine?

This drug is given in a hospital or clinic and will not be stored at home.

Last updated: 7/1/2002

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产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
CYTARABINE CYTARABINE 100MG VIAL POWDER 10 X10ML VIAL
原产地英文药品名:
CYTARABINE CYTARABINE
中文参考商品译名:
阿糖胞苷 100毫克粉末/毫升，10毫升/注射液/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
阿糖胞苷