贝利单抗冻干粉剂Benlysta（belimumab）狼疮治疗新药-这是美国FDA近56年来第一个新批准治疗狼疮的上市药物 狼疮是一种严重的、有致命可能的自身免疫性疾病，攻击人体的健康组织。这种疾病的主要患病人群为女性，年龄通常在15岁至44岁之间。它可使机体的许多部位受累，包括关节、皮肤、肾脏、肺、心脏和脑。 Benlysta（活性成分：belimumab）被批准用于治疗活动性、自身抗体阳性（系统性红斑狼疮）且正在接受标准治疗（包括类固醇皮质激素、抗疟药、免疫抑制剂和非甾体抗炎药）的狼疮患者。 Benlysta直接进入静脉（经静脉输注），是第一个被设计来抑制B淋巴细胞刺激因子的药物，它可以减少被认为是狼疮中一个问题的异常B细胞数量。 在Benlysta之前，FDA后一次是在1955年批准狼疮治疗药物必赖克（活性成分：羟氯喹）和类固醇皮质激素。阿司匹林是在1948年被批准用于治疗狼疮。 1684例狼疮患者的2项临床研究证明了Benlysta的安全性和有效性。这些研究中被诊断为活动性狼疮的患者被随机分配接受Benlysta加上标准治疗，或无活性注射液（安慰剂）加上标准治疗。研究排除了曾经接受过前B细胞靶向治疗或经静脉环磷酰胺治疗的患者，以及活动性狼疮累及肾脏或中枢神经系统的患者。 与安慰剂组相比，接受Benlysta和标准疗法治疗的患者疾病活动性减少。虽然还没有经终确认，但结果提示，一部分患者严重发作的可能性减少，有些患者减少了类固醇的用量。 临床研究中接受Benlysta的患者与安慰剂组相比，被报道更多的死亡和严重感染。该药不应与活疫苗同时给药。 常见的副作用包括恶心、腹泻、发烧。患者也经常会发生输液反应，所以应考虑预先使用抗组胺药物。 HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use BENLYSTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BENLYSTA. BENLYSTA (belimumab) for injection, for intravenous use only Initial U.S. Approval: 2011 INDICATIONS AND USAGE BENLYSTA is a B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS)-specific inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active, autoantibody-positive, systemic lupus erythematosus who are receiving standard therapy. (1, 14) Limitations of Use: The efficacy of BENLYSTA has not been evaluated in patients with severe active lupus nephritis or severe active central nervous system lupus (1). BENLYSTA has not been studied in combination with other biologics or intravenous cyclophosphamide (1). Use of BENLYSTA is not recommended in these situations. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION • Recommended dosage regimen is 10 mg/kg at 2-week intervals for the first 3 doses and at 4-week intervals thereafter. Reconstitute, dilute and administer as an intravenous infusion only, over a period of 1 hour. ( 2.1) • Consider administering premedication for prophylaxis against infusion reactions and hypersensitivity reactions. ( 2.2) DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Single-use vials of belimumab lyophilized powder: (3) • 120 mg per vial (3) • 400 mg per vial (3) CONTRAINDICATIONS Previous anaphylaxis to belimumab. (4) WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Mortality: There were more deaths reported with BENLYSTA than with placebo during the controlled period of clinical trials. ( 5.1) • Serious Infections: Serious and sometimes fatal infections have been reported in patients receiving immunosuppressive agents, including BENLYSTA. Use with caution in patients with chronic infections. Consider interrupting therapy with BENLYSTA if patients develop a new infection during treatment with BENLYSTA. ( 5.2) • Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML): Patients presenting with new-onset or deteriorating neurological signs and symptoms should be evaluated for PML by an appropriate specialist. If PML is confirmed, consider discontinuation of immunosuppressant therapy, including BENLYSTA. ( 5.2) • Hypersensitivity Reactions, including Anaphylaxis: Serious and fatal reactions have been reported. BENLYSTA should be administered by healthcare providers prepared to manage anaphylaxis. Monitor patients during and for an appropriate period of time after administration of BENLYSTA. ( 2.2, 5.4) • Depression: Depression and suicidality have been reported in trials with BENLYSTA. Patients should be instructed to contact their healthcare provider if they experience new or worsening depression, suicidal thoughts or other mood changes. ( 5.6) • Immunization: Live vaccines should not be given concurrently with BENLYSTA. ( 5.7) ADVERSE REACTIONS Common adverse reactions (≥5%) in clinical trials were: nausea, diarrhea, pyrexia, nasopharyngitis, bronchitis, insomnia, pain in extremity, depression, migraine, and pharyngitis. (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact GlaxoSmithKline at 1-877-423-6597 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and Medication Guide. Revised: 11/2015 FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS* 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE BENLYSTA® (belimumab) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active, autoantibody-positive, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who are receiving standard therapy. Limitations of Use The efficacy of BENLYSTA has not been evaluated in patients with severe active lupus nephritis or severe active central nervous system lupus. BENLYSTA has not been studied in combination with other biologics or intravenous cyclophosphamide. Use of BENLYSTA is not recommended in these situations. 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Dosage Schedule BENLYSTA is for intravenous infusion only and must be reconstituted and diluted prior to administration [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)]. Do not administer as an intravenous push or bolus. The recommended dosage regimen is 10 mg/kg at 2-week intervals for the first 3 doses and at 4-week intervals thereafter. Reconstitute, dilute, and administer as an intravenous infusion only, over a period of 1 hour. The infusion rate may be slowed or interrupted if the patient develops an infusion reaction. The infusion must be discontinued immediately if the patient experiences a serious hypersensitivity reaction [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. 2.2 Premedication Recommendations Prior to dosing with BENLYSTA, consider administering premedication for prophylaxis against infusion reactions and hypersensitivity reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4, 5.5), Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. 2.3 Preparation of Solutions BENLYSTA is provided as a lyophilized powder in a single-use vial for intravenous infusion only and should be reconstituted and diluted by a healthcare professional using aseptic technique as follows: Reconstitution Instructions 1. Remove BENLYSTA from the refrigerator and allow to stand 10 to 15 minutes for the vial to reach room temperature. 2. Reconstitute the BENLYSTA powder with Sterile Water for Injection, USP, as follows. The reconstituted solution will contain a concentration of 80 mg/mL belimumab. • Reconstitute the 120-mg vial with 1.5 mL Sterile Water for Injection, USP. • Reconstitute the 400-mg vial with 4.8 mL Sterile Water for Injection, USP. 3. The stream of sterile water should be directed toward the side of the vial to minimize foaming. Gently swirl the vial for 60 seconds. Allow the vial to sit at room temperature during reconstitution, gently swirling the vial for 60 seconds every 5 minutes until the powder is dissolved. Do not shake. Reconstitution is typically complete within 10 to 15 minutes after the sterile water has been added, but it may take up to 30 minutes. Protect the reconstituted solution from sunlight. 4. If a mechanical reconstitution device (swirler) is used to reconstitute BENLYSTA, it should not exceed 500 rpm and the vial swirled for no longer than 30 minutes. 5. Once reconstitution is complete, the solution should be opalescent and colorless to pale yellow, and without particles. Small air bubbles, however, are expected and acceptable. Dilution Instructions 6. Dextrose intravenous solutions are incompatible with BENLYSTA. BENLYSTA should only be diluted in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. Dilute the reconstituted product to 250 mL in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP (normal saline) for intravenous infusion. From a 250-mL infusion bag or bottle of normal saline, withdraw and discard a volume equal to the volume of the reconstituted solution of BENLYSTA required for the patient’s dose. Then add the required volume of the reconstituted solution of BENLYSTA into the infusion bag or bottle. Gently invert the bag or bottle to mix the solution. Any unused solution in the vials must be discarded. 7. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Discard the solution if any particulate matter or discoloration is observed. 8. The reconstituted solution of BENLYSTA, if not used immediately, should be stored protected from direct sunlight and refrigerated at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). Solutions of BENLYSTA diluted in normal saline may be stored at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F) or room temperature. The total time from reconstitution of BENLYSTA to completion of infusion should not exceed 8 hours. 9. No incompatibilities between BENLYSTA and polyvinylchloride or polyolefin bags have been observed. 2.4 Administration Instructions 1. The diluted solution of BENLYSTA should be administered by intravenous infusion only, over a period of 1 hour. 2. BENLYSTA should be administered by healthcare providers prepared to manage anaphylaxis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4 )] . 3. BENLYSTA should not be infused concomitantly in the same intravenous line with other agents. No physical or biochemical compatibility studies have been conducted to evaluate the coadministration of BENLYSTA with other agents. 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Single-use vials of belimumab lyophilized powder for injection: • 120 mg per vial • 400 mg per vial  4 CONTRAINDICATIONS BENLYSTA is contraindicated in patients who have had anaphylaxis with belimumab. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 5.1 Mortality There were more deaths reported with BENLYSTA than with placebo during the controlled period of the clinical trials. Out of 2,133 patients in 3 clinical trials, a total of 14 deaths occurred during the placebo-controlled, double-blind treatment periods: 3/675 (0.4%), 5/673 (0.7%), 0/111 (0%), and 6/674 (0.9%) deaths in the groups receiving placebo, BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg, BENLYSTA 4 mg/kg, and BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg, respectively. No single cause of death predominated. Etiologies included infection, cardiovascular disease, and suicide. 5.2 Serious Infections Serious and sometimes fatal infections have been reported in patients receiving immunosuppressive agents, including BENLYSTA. Physicians should exercise caution when considering the use of BENLYSTA in patients with chronic infections. Patients receiving any therapy for chronic infection should not begin therapy with BENLYSTA. Consider interrupting therapy with BENLYSTA in patients who develop a new infection while undergoing treatment with BENLYSTA and monitor these patients closely. In the controlled clinical trials, the overall incidence of infections was 71% in patients treated with BENLYSTA compared with 67% in patients who received placebo. The most frequent infections (>5% of patients receiving BENLYSTA) were upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, and influenza. Serious infections occurred in 6.0% of patients treated with BENLYSTA and in 5.2% of patients who received placebo. The most frequent serious infections included pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cellulitis, and bronchitis. Infections leading to discontinuation of treatment occurred in 0.7% of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 1.0% of patients receiving placebo. Infections resulting in death occurred in 0.3% (4/1,458) of patients treated with BENLYSTA and in 0.1% (1/675) of patients receiving placebo. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Cases of JC virus-associated PML resulting in neurological deficits, including fatal cases, have been reported in patients with SLE receiving immunosuppressants, including BENLYSTA. Risk factors for PML include treatment with immunosuppressant therapies and impairment of immune function. Consider the diagnosis of PML in any patient presenting with new-onset or deteriorating neurological signs and symptoms and consult with a neurologist or other appropriate specialist as clinically indicated. In patients with confirmed PML, consider stopping immunosuppressant therapy, including BENLYSTA. 5.3 Malignancy The impact of treatment with BENLYSTA on the development of malignancies is not known. In the controlled clinical trials, malignancies (including non-melanoma skin cancers) were reported in 0.4% of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 0.4% of patients receiving placebo. In the controlled clinical trials, malignancies, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, were observed in 0.2% (3/1,458) and 0.3% (2/675) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and placebo, respectively. The mechanism of action of BENLYSTA could increase the risk for the development of malignancies. 5.4 Hypersensitivity Reactions, including Anaphylaxis Acute hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and death, have been reported in association with BENLYSTA. These events generally occurred within hours of the infusion; however, they may occur later. Non-acute hypersensitivity reactions including rash, nausea, fatigue, myalgia, headache, and facial edema, have been reported and typically occurred up to a week following the most recent infusion. Hypersensitivity, including serious reactions, has occurred in patients who have previously tolerated infusions of BENLYSTA. Limited data suggest that patients with a history of multiple drug allergies or significant hypersensitivity may be at increased risk. In the controlled clinical trials, hypersensitivity reactions (occurring on the same day of infusion) were reported in 13% (191/1,458) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 11% (76/675) of patients receiving placebo. Anaphylaxis was observed in 0.6% (9/1,458) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 0.4% (3/675) of patients receiving placebo. Manifestations included hypotension, angioedema, urticaria or other rash, pruritus, and dyspnea. Due to overlap in signs and symptoms, it was not possible to distinguish between hypersensitivity reactions and infusion reactions in all cases [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]. Some patients (13%) received premedication, which may have mitigated or masked a hypersensitivity response; however, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether premedication diminishes the frequency or severity of hypersensitivity reactions. BENLYSTA should be administered by healthcare providers prepared to manage anaphylaxis. In the event of a serious reaction, administration of BENLYSTA must be discontinued immediately and appropriate medical therapy administered. Patients should be monitored during and for an appropriate period of time after administration of BENLYSTA. Patients should be informed of the signs and symptoms of an acute hypersensitivity reaction and be instructed to seek immediate medical care should a reaction occur. 5.5 Infusion Reactions In the controlled clinical trials, adverse events associated with the infusion (occurring on the same day of the infusion) were reported in 17% (251/1,458) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 15% (99/675) of patients receiving placebo. Serious infusion reactions (excluding hypersensitivity reactions) were reported in 0.5% of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 0.4% of patients receiving placebo and included bradycardia, myalgia, headache, rash, urticaria, and hypotension. The most common infusion reactions (≥3% of patients receiving BENLYSTA) were headache, nausea, and skin reactions. Due to overlap in signs and symptoms, it was not possible to distinguish between hypersensitivity reactions and infusion reactions in all cases [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. Some patients (13%) received premedication, which may have mitigated or masked an infusion reaction; however, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether premedication diminishes the frequency or severity of infusion reactions [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. BENLYSTA should be administered by healthcare providers prepared to manage infusion reactions. The infusion rate may be slowed or interrupted if the patient develops an infusion reaction. Healthcare providers should be aware of the risk of hypersensitivity reactions, which may present as infusion reactions, and monitor patients closely. 5.6 Depression In the controlled clinical trials, psychiatric events were reported more frequently with BENLYSTA (16%) than with placebo (12%), related primarily to depression-related events (6.3% BENLYSTA and 4.7% placebo), insomnia (6.0% BENLYSTA and 5.3% placebo), and anxiety (3.9% BENLYSTA and 2.8% placebo). Serious psychiatric events were reported in 0.8% of patients receiving BENLYSTA (0.6% and 1.2% with 1 and 10 mg/kg, respectively) and 0.4% of patients receiving placebo. Serious depression was reported in 0.4% (6/1,458) of patients receiving BENLYSTA and 0.1% (1/675) of patients receiving placebo. Two suicides (0.1%) were reported in patients receiving BENLYSTA. The majority of patients who reported serious depression or suicidal behavior had a history of depression or other serious psychiatric disorders and most were receiving psychoactive medications. It is unknown if treatment with BENLYSTA is associated with increased risk for these events. Patients receiving BENLYSTA should be instructed to contact their healthcare provider if they experience new or worsening depression, suicidal thoughts, or other mood changes. 5.7 Immunization Live vaccines should not be given for 30 days before or concurrently with BENLYSTA as clinical safety has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving BENLYSTA or the effect of BENLYSTA on new immunizations. Because of its mechanism of action, BENLYSTA may interfere with the response to immunizations. 5.8 Concomitant Use with Other Biologic Therapies or Intravenous BENLYSTA has not been studied in combination with other biologic therapies, including B-cell targeted therapies, or intravenous cyclophosphamide. Therefore, use of BENLYSTA is not recommended in combination with biologic therapies or intravenous cyclophosphamide. 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The following have been observed with BENLYSTA and are discussed in detail in the Warnings and Precautions section: • Mortality [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] • Serious Infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] • Malignancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] • Hypersensitivity Reactions, including Anaphylaxis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] • Infusion Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] • Depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience The data described below reflect exposure to BENLYSTA plus standard of care compared with placebo plus standard of care in 2,133 patients in 3 controlled trials. Patients received BENLYSTA at doses of 1 mg/kg (N = 673), 4 mg/kg (N = 111; Trial 1 only), or 10 mg/kg (N = 674) or placebo (N = 675) intravenously over a 1-hour period on Days 0, 14, 28, and then every 28 days. In 2 of the trials (Trial 1 and Trial 3), treatment was given for 48 weeks, while in the other trial (Trial 2) treatment was given for 72 weeks [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Because there was no apparent dose-related increase in the majority of adverse events observed with BENLYSTA, the safety data summarized below are presented for the 3 doses pooled, unless otherwise indicated; the adverse reaction table displays the results for the recommended dose of 10 mg/kg compared with placebo. The population had a mean age of 39 (range: 18 to 75), 94% were female, and 52% were Caucasian. In these trials, 93% of patients treated with BENLYSTA reported an adverse reaction compared with 92% treated with placebo. The most common serious adverse reactions were serious infections (6.0% and 5.2% in the groups receiving BENLYSTA and placebo, respectively) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. The most commonly-reported adverse reactions, occurring in ≥5% of patients in clinical trials were nausea, diarrhea, pyrexia, nasopharyngitis, bronchitis, insomnia, pain in extremity, depression, migraine, and pharyngitis. The proportion of patients who discontinued treatment due to any adverse reaction during the controlled clinical trials was 6.2% for patients receiving BENLYSTA and 7.1% for patients receiving placebo. The most common adverse reactions resulting in discontinuation of treatment (≥1% of patients receiving BENLYSTA or placebo) were infusion reactions (1.6% BENLYSTA and 0.9% placebo), lupus nephritis (0.7% BENLYSTA and 1.2% placebo), and infections (0.7% BENLYSTA and 1.0% placebo). Table 1 lists adverse reactions, regardless of causality, occurring in at least 3% of patients with SLE who received BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg and at an incidence at least 1% greater than that observed with placebo in the 3 controlled studies. Table 1. Incidence of Adverse Reactions occurring in at Least 3% of Patients Treated with BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg plus Standard of Care and at Least 1% More Frequently than in Patients receiving Placebo plus Standard of Care in 3 Controlled SLE Studies  Preferred Term BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg + Standard of Care (n = 674) % Placebo + Standard of Care (n = 675) % Nausea 15 12 Diarrhea 12 9 Pyrexia 10 8 Nasopharyngitis 9 7 Bronchitis 9 5 Insomnia 7 5 Pain in extremity 6 4 Depression 5 4 Migraine 5 4 Pharyngitis 5 3 Cystitis 4 3 Leukopenia 4 2 Gastroenteritis viral 3 1 6.2 Immunogenicity In Trials 2 and 3, anti-belimumab antibodies were detected in 4 of 563 (0.7%) patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg and in 27 of 559 (4.8%) patients receiving BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg. The reported frequency for the group receiving 10 mg/kg may underestimate the actual frequency due to lower assay sensitivity in the presence of high drug concentrations. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 3 patients receiving BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg. Three patients with anti-belimumab antibodies experienced mild infusion reactions of nausea, erythematous rash, pruritus, eyelid edema, headache, and dyspnea; none of the reactions was life-threatening. The clinical relevance of the presence of anti-belimumab antibodies is not known. The data reflect the percentage of patients whose test results were positive for antibodies to belimumab in specific assays. The observed incidence of antibody positivity in an assay is highly dependent on several factors, including assay sensitivity and specificity, assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to belimumab with the incidence of antibodies to other products may be misleading. 6.3 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of BENLYSTA. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. • Fatal anaphylaxis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].  7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Formal drug interaction studies have not been performed with BENLYSTA. In clinical trials of patients with SLE, BENLYSTA was administered concomitantly with other drugs, including corticosteroids, antimalarials, immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents (including azathioprine, methotrexate, and mycophenolate), angiotensin pathway antihypertensives, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), and NSAIDs without evidence of a clinically meaningful effect of these concomitant medications on belimumab pharmacokinetics. The effect of belimumab on the pharmacokinetics of other drugs has not been evaluated [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled clinical studies using BENLYSTA in pregnant women. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, including BENLYSTA, can cross the placenta. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, BENLYSTA should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Women of childbearing potential should use adequate contraception during treatment with BENLYSTA and for at least 4 months after the final treatment. Nonclinical reproductive studies have been performed in pregnant cynomolgus monkeys receiving belimumab at doses of 0, 5, and 150 mg/kg by intravenous infusion (the high dose was approximately 9 times the anticipated maximum human exposure) every 2 weeks from gestation day 20 to 150. Belimumab was shown to cross the placenta. Belimumab was not associated with direct or indirect teratogenicity under the conditions tested. Fetal deaths were observed in 14%, 24%, and 15% of pregnant females in the 0, 5 and 150 mg/kg groups, respectively. Infant deaths occurred with an incidence of 0%, 8%, and 5%. The cause of fetal and infant deaths is not known. The relevance of these findings to humans is not known. Other treatment-related findings were limited to the expected reversible reduction of B cells in both dams and infants and reversible reduction of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in infant monkeys. B-cell numbers recovered after the cessation of belimumab treatment by about 1 year post-partum in adult monkeys and by 3 months of age in infant monkeys. IgM levels in infants exposed to belimumab in utero recovered by 6 months of age. Pregnancy Registry To monitor maternal-fetal outcomes of pregnant women exposed to BENLYSTA, a pregnancy registry has been established. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to register patients and pregnant women are encouraged to enroll themselves by calling 1-877-681-6296. 8.3 Nursing Mothers It is not known whether BENLYSTA is excreted in human milk or absorbed systemically after ingestion. However, belimumab was excreted into the milk of cynomolgus monkeys. Because maternal antibodies are excreted in human breast milk, a decision should be made whether to discontinue breastfeeding or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of breastfeeding to the infant and the importance of the drug to the mother. 8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness of BENLYSTA have not been established in children. 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of BENLYSTA did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 or older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Use with caution in elderly patients. 8.6 Race In Trial 2 and Trial 3, response rates for the primary endpoint were lower for black subjects receiving BENLYSTA relative to black subjects receiving placebo [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Use with caution in black/African-American patients. 10 OVERDOSAGE There is no clinical experience with overdosage of BENLYSTA. Two doses of up to 20 mg/kg have been given by intravenous infusion to humans with no increase in incidence or severity of adverse reactions compared with doses of 1, 4, or 10 mg/kg. 11 DESCRIPTION BENLYSTA (belimumab) is a human IgG1λ monoclonal antibody specific for soluble human B lymphocyte stimulator protein (BLyS, also referred to as BAFF and TNFSF13B). Belimumab has a molecular weight of approximately 147 kDa. Belimumab is produced by recombinant DNA technology in a mammalian cell expression system. BENLYSTA is supplied as a sterile, white to off-white, preservative-free, lyophilized powder for intravenous infusion. Upon reconstitution with Sterile Water for Injection, USP [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)], each single-use vial delivers 80 mg/mL belimumab in 0.16 mg/mL citric acid, 0.4 mg/mL polysorbate 80, 2.7 mg/mL sodium citrate, and 80 mg/mL sucrose, with a pH of 6.5. 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action BENLYSTA is a BLyS-specific inhibitor that blocks the binding of soluble BLyS, a B-cell survival factor, to its receptors on B cells. BENLYSTA does not bind B cells directly, but by binding BLyS, BENLYSTA inhibits the survival of B cells, including autoreactive B cells, and reduces the differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics In Trial 1 and Trial 2 in which B cells were measured, treatment with BENLYSTA significantly reduced circulating CD19+, CD20+, naïve, and activated B cells, plasmacytoid cells, and the SLE B-cell subset at Week 52. Reductions in naïve and the SLE B-cell subset were observed as early as Week 8 and were sustained to Week 52. Memory cells increased initially and slowly declined toward baseline levels by Week 52. The clinical relevance of these effects on B cells has not been established. Treatment with BENLYSTA led to reductions in IgG and anti-dsDNA, and increases in complement (C3 and C4). These changes were observed as early as Week 8 and were sustained through Week 52. The clinical relevance of normalizing these biomarkers has not been definitively established. 12.3 PharmacokineticsThe pharmacokinetic parameters displayed in Table 2 are based on population parameter estimates which are specific to the 563 patients who received BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg in Trials 2 and 3 [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Table 2. Population Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Patients with SLE after Intravenous Infusion of BENLYSTA 10 mg/kga  Pharmacokinetic Parameter Population Estimates (n = 563) Peak concentration (Cmax, mcg/mL) 313 Area under the curve (AUC0-∞, day●mcg/mL) 3,083 Distribution half-life (t½, days) 1.75 Terminal half-life (t½, days) 19.4 Systemic clearance (CL, mL/day) 215 Volume of distribution (Vss, L) 5.29 a Intravenous infusions were administered at 2-week intervals for the first 3 doses and at 4-week intervals thereafter. Drug Interactions No formal drug interaction studies have been conducted with BENLYSTA. Concomitant use of mycophenolate, azathioprine, methotrexate, antimalarials, NSAIDs, aspirin, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors did not significantly influence belimumab pharmacokinetics. Coadministration of steroids and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors resulted in an increase of systemic clearance of belimumab that was not clinically significant because the magnitude was well within the range of normal variability of clearance. The effect of belimumab on the pharmacokinetics of other drugs has not been evaluated. Special Populations The following information is based on the population pharmacokinetic analysis. Age: Age did not significantly influence belimumab pharmacokinetics in the trial population, where the majority of subjects (70%) were aged between 18 and 45 years. No pharmacokinetic data are available in pediatric patients. Limited pharmacokinetic data are available for elderly patients as only 1.4% of the subjects included in the pharmacokinetic analysis were aged 65 years or older [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)]. Gender: Gender did not significantly influence belimumab pharmacokinetics in the largely (94%) female trial population. Race: Race did not significantly influence belimumab pharmacokinetics. The racial distribution was 53% white/Caucasian, 16% Asian, 16% Alaska native/American Indian, and 14% black/African-American. Renal Impairment: No formal trials were conducted to examine the effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of belimumab. BENLYSTA has been studied in a limited number of patients with SLE and renal impairment (261 subjects with moderate renal impairment, creatinine clearance ≥30 and <60 mL/min; 14 subjects with severe renal impairment, creatinine clearance ≥15 and <30 mL/min). Although increases in creatinine clearance and proteinuria (>2 g/day) increased belimumab clearance, these effects were within the expected range of variability. Therefore, dosage adjustment in patients with renal impairment is not recommended. Hepatic Impairment: No formal trials were conducted to examine the effects of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of belimumab. Baseline ALT and AST levels did not significantly influence belimumab pharmacokinetics. 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of belimumab. The mutagenic potential of belimumab was not evaluated. Effects on male and female fertility have not been directly evaluated in animal studies. 14 CLINICAL STUDIES The safety and effectiveness of BENLYSTA were evaluated in 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving 2,133 patients with SLE according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria (Trial 1, 2, and 3). Patients with severe active lupus nephritis and severe active CNS lupus were excluded. Patients were on a stable standard of care SLE treatment regimen comprising any of the following (alone or in combination): corticosteroids, antimalarials, NSAIDs, and immunosuppressives. Use of other biologics and intravenous cyclophosphamide were not permitted. Trial 1: BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg Trial 1 enrolled 449 patients and evaluated doses of 1, 4, and 10 mg/kg BENLYSTA plus standard of care compared with placebo plus standard of care over 52 weeks in patients with SLE. Patients had to have a SELENA-SLEDAI score of ≥4 at baseline and a history of autoantibodies (anti-nuclear antibody [ANA] and/or anti-double-stranded DNA [anti-dsDNA]), but 28% of the population was autoantibody negative at baseline. The co-primary endpoints were percent change in SELENA-SLEDAI score at Week 24 and time to first flare over 52 weeks. No significant differences between any of the groups receiving BENLYSTA and the group receiving placebo were observed. Exploratory analysis of this trial identified a subgroup of patients (72%), who were autoantibody positive, in whom BENLYSTA appeared to offer benefit. The results of this trial informed the design of Trials 2 and 3 and led to the selection of a target population and indication that is limited to autoantibody-positive SLE patients. Trials 2 and 3: BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg Trials 2 and 3 were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in patients with SLE that were similar in design except duration - Trial 2 was 76 weeks duration and Trial 3 was 52 weeks duration. Eligible patients had active SLE disease, defined as a SELENA-SLEDAI score ≥6, and positive autoantibody test results at screening. Patients were excluded from the trial if they had ever received treatment with a B-cell targeted agent or if they were currently receiving other biologic agents. Intravenous cyclophosphamide was not permitted within the previous 6 months or during the trial. Trial 2 was conducted primarily in North America and Europe. Trial 3 was conducted in South America, Eastern Europe, Asia, and Australia. Baseline concomitant medications included corticosteroids (Trial 2: 76%, Trial 3: 96%), immunosuppressives (Trial 2: 56%, Trial 3: 42%; including azathioprine, methotrexate, and mycophenolate), and antimalarials (Trial 2: 63%, Trial 3: 67%). Most patients (>70%) were receiving 2 or more classes of SLE medications. In Trial 2 and Trial 3, more than 50% of patients had 3 or more active organ systems at baseline. The most common active organ systems at baseline based on SELENA-SLEDAI were mucocutaneous (82% in both trials); immune (Trial 2: 74%, Trial 3: 85%); and musculoskeletal (Trial 2: 73%, Trial 3: 59%). Less than 16% of patients had some degree of renal activity and less than 7% of patients had activity in the vascular, cardio-respiratory, or CNS systems. At screening, patients were stratified by disease severity based on their SELENA-SLEDAI score (≤9 vs. ≥10), proteinuria level (<2 g/24 hr vs. ≥2 g/24 hr), and race (African or Indigenous-American descent vs. other), and then randomly assigned to receive BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg, BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg, or placebo in addition to standard of care. The patients were administered trial medication intravenously over a 1-hour period on Days 0, 14, 28, and then every 28 days for 48 weeks in Trial 3 and for 72 weeks in Trial 2. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite endpoint (SLE Responder Index or SRI) that defined response as meeting each of the following criteria at Week 52 compared with baseline: • ≥4-point reduction in the SELENA-SLEDAI score, and • no new British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) A organ domain score or 2 new BILAG B organ domain scores, and • no worsening (<0.30-point increase) in Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) score. The SRI uses the SELENA-SLEDAI score as an objective measure of reduction in global disease activity; the BILAG index to ensure no significant worsening in any specific organ system; and the PGA to ensure that improvements in disease activity are not accompanied by worsening of the patient’s condition overall. In both Trials 2 and 3, the proportion of SLE patients achieving an SRI response, as defined for the primary endpoint, was significantly higher in the group receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg than in the group receiving placebo. The effect on the SRI was not consistently significantly different for patients receiving BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg relative to placebo in both trials. The 1 mg/kg dose is not recommended. The trends in comparisons between the treatment groups for the rates of response for the individual components of the endpoint were generally consistent with that of the SRI (Table 3). At Week 76 in Trial 2, the SRI response rate with BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg was not significantly different from that of placebo (39% and 32%, respectively). Table 3. Clinical Response Rate in Patients with SLE after 52 Weeks of Treatment  Trial 2 Trial 3 Responsea Placebo + Standard of Care (n = 275) BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg + Standard of Careb (n = 271) BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg + Standard of Care (n = 273) Placebo + Standard of Care (n = 287) BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg + Standard of Careb (n = 288) BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg + Standard of Care (n = 290) SLE Responder Index 34% 41% (P = 0.104) 43% (P = 0.021) 44% 51% (P = 0.013) 58% (P <0.001) Odds Ratio (95% CI) vs. placebo 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) 1.5 (1.1, 2.2) 1.6 (1.1, 2.2 ) 1.8 (1.3, 2.6) Components of SLE Responder Index Percent of patients with reduction in SELENA-SLEDAI ≥4 36% 43% 47% 46% 53% 58% Percent of patients with no worsening by BILAG index 65% 75% 69% 73% 79% 81% Percent of patients with no worsening by PGA 63% 73% 69% 69% 79% 80% a Patients dropping out of the trial early or experiencing certain increases in background medication were considered as failures in these analyses. In both trials, a higher proportion of placebo patients were considered as failures for this reason as compared with the groups receiving BENLYSTA. b The 1-mg/kg dose is not recommended. The reduction in disease activity seen in the SRI was related primarily to improvement in the most commonly involved organ systems namely, mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, and immune. Effect in Black/African-American Patients Exploratory sub-group analyses of SRI response rate in patients of black race were performed. In Trial 2 and Trial 3 combined, the SRI response rate in black patients (N = 148) in groups receiving BENLYSTA was less than that in the group receiving placebo (22/50 or 44% for placebo, 15/48 or 31% for BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg, and 18/50 or 36% for BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg). In Trial 1, black patients (N = 106) in the groups receiving BENLYSTA did not appear to have a different response than the rest of the trial population. Although no definitive conclusions can be drawn from these subgroup analyses, caution should be used when considering treatment with BENLYSTA in black/African-American SLE patients. Effect on Concomitant Steroid Treatment In Trial 2 and Trial 3, 46% and 69% of patients, respectively, were receiving prednisone at doses >7.5 mg/day at baseline. The proportion of patients able to reduce their average prednisone dose by at least 25% to ≤7.5 mg/day during Weeks 40 through 52 was not consistently significantly different for BENLYSTA relative to placebo in both trials. In Trial 2, 17% of patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg and 19% of patients receiving BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg achieved this level of steroid reduction compared with 13% of patients receiving placebo. In Trial 3, 19%, 21%, and 12% of patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg, BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg, and placebo, respectively, achieved this level of steroid reduction. Effect on Severe SLE Flares The probability of experiencing a severe SLE flare, as defined by a modification of the SELENA Trial flare criteria which excluded severe flares triggered only by an increase of the SELENA-SLEDAI score to >12, was calculated for both Trials 2 and 3. The proportion of patients having at least 1 severe flare over 52 weeks was not consistently significantly different for BENLYSTA relative to placebo in both trials. In Trial 2, 18% of patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg and 16% of patients receiving BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg had a severe flare compared with 24% of patients receiving placebo. In Trial 3, 14%, 18%, and 23% of patients receiving BENLYSTA 10 mg/kg, BENLYSTA 1 mg/kg and placebo, respectively, had a severe flare. 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING BENLYSTA is a sterile, preservative-free, lyophilized powder for reconstitution, dilution, and intravenous infusion provided in single-use glass vials with a rubber stopper (not made with natural rubber latex) and a flip-off seal. Each 5-mL vial contains 120 mg of belimumab. Each 20-mL vial contains 400 mg of belimumab. BENLYSTA is supplied as follows: 120 mg belimumab in a 5-mL single-use vial NDC 49401-101-01 400 mg belimumab in a 20-mL single-use vial NDC 49401-102-01 Store vials of BENLYSTA refrigerated between 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). Vials should be protected from light and stored in the original carton until use. Do not freeze. Avoid exposure to heat. Do not use beyond the expiration date. ---------------------------------------------------- 注：以下产品不同规格和不同价格，购买以咨询为准！ ---------------------------------------------------- 产地国家: 西班牙 原产地英文商品名: BENLYSTA 400mg/vial 原产地英文药品名: BELIMUMAB 中文参考商品译名: BENLYSTA 400毫克/瓶 中文参考药品译名: 贝利木单抗 生产厂家中文参考译名: 葛兰素史克/人类基因组科学公司 生产厂家英文名: GSK/HGSI --------------------------------------------------- 产地国家: 西班牙 原产地英文商品名: BENLYSTA 120mg/vial 原产地英文药品名: BELIMUMAB 中文参考商品译名: BENLYSTA 120毫克/瓶 中文参考药品译名: 贝利木单抗 生产厂家中文参考译名: 葛兰素史克/人类基因组科学公司 生产厂家英文名: GSK/HGSI ----------------------------------------------------- 产地国家: 美国 原产地英文商品名: BENLYSTA 400mg/vial 原产地英文药品名: BELIMUMAB 中文参考商品译名: BENLYSTA 400毫克/瓶 中文参考药品译名: 贝利木单抗 生产厂家中文参考译名: 葛兰素史克/人类基因组科学公司 生产厂家英文名: GSK/HGSI ------------------------------------------------------- 产地国家: 美国 原产地英文商品名: BENLYSTA 120mg/vial 原产地英文药品名: BELIMUMAB 中文参考商品译名: BENLYSTA 120毫克/瓶 中文参考药品译名: 贝利木单抗 生产厂家中文参考译名: 葛兰素史克/人类基因组科学公司 生产厂家英文名: GSK/HGSI -------------------------------------------------------- 产地国家: 希腊 原产地英文商品名: BENLYSTA 400mg Ampoule Vial 原产地英文药品名: BELIMUMAB 中文参考商品译名: BENLYSTA 400毫克/安瓿瓶 中文参考药品译名: 贝利木单抗 生产厂家中文参考译名: 葛兰素史克 生产厂家英文名: GlaxoSmithkline ---------------------------------------------------------- 产地国家: 德国 原产地英文商品名: BENLYSTA 400mg/vial 原产地英文药品名: BELIMUMAB 中文参考商品译名: BENLYSTA 400毫克/瓶 中文参考药品译名: 贝利木单抗 生产厂家中文参考译名: 葛兰素史克 生产厂家英文名: GlaxoSmithkline ----------------------------------------------------------- 产地国家: 德国 原产地英文商品名: BENLYSTA 120mg/vial 原产地英文药品名: BELIMUMAB 中文参考商品译名: BENLYSTA 120毫克/瓶 中文参考药品译名: 贝利木单抗 生产厂家中文参考译名: 葛兰素史克 生产厂家英文名: GlaxoSmithkline