新类型降胆固醇注射药Praluent为第一个获美国FDA批准上市 2015年7月24日 - 美国食品和药物管理局今天批准Praluent（alirocumab）注射液，批准一类新的被称为前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶Kexin 9型（PCSK9）抑制剂药物的首降胆固醇治疗。 Praluent被批准用于除饮食和使用的最大耐受他汀类药物治疗的成年患者杂合子家族性高胆固醇血症（HeFH），或者患者的临床动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病如心脏发作或中风，谁需要额外降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。 HeFH是一种遗传性疾病，导致高水平的低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇。高水平的LDL胆固醇（被称为“坏”胆固醇）在血液中被链接到心血管疾病。心脏疾病是头号死因的美国人，无论男女。根据美国疾病控制和预防，大约61万的人死于心脏疾病，在美国每年 - 这相当于四分之一的死亡。 “Praluent为患者HeFH或已知有心血管疾病一直无法以足够的降低他们的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的他汀类药物谁另一种治疗选择，”约翰·詹金斯博士，办公室新药，中心的主任药物评估和研究说。“FDA的大力支持继续开展工作，为心血管疾病的治疗和预防新的和创新性的方案。” Praluent是针对特定的蛋白质，称为PCSK9，它的工作原理是降低受体对肝脏从血液中除去LDL胆固醇的数量的抗体。通过阻断PCSK9的工作能力，多种受体可摆脱从血液LDL胆固醇和，其结果，降低LDL胆固醇水平的。 Praluent的疗效和安全性在五个安慰剂对照试验进行评估，涉及2476参与者暴露Praluent。所有参加过HeFH或以其他方式均在高风险的心脏发作或中风，并服用最大耐受剂量他汀类药物，有或没有其他调脂治疗。与会者以Praluent的平均降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇从36到59％，与安慰剂相比。 多项临床试验表明，他汀类药物降低有一个心脏发作或中风的风险。试用评估对降低心血管风险增加Praluent他汀类药物的作用是持续的。 Praluent最常见的副作用包括瘙痒，肿胀，疼痛或瘀伤，其中注射是，鼻咽炎，和流感。过敏反应，如过敏性血管炎（皮疹通常显示为在与小血管炎症相关的皮肤紫色斑点）和过敏反应，需要住院治疗，已经报道了与使用Praluent的。患者应停止使用Praluent并获得医疗帮助，如果他们遇到了严重的过敏反应症状。 Praluent是由赛诺菲 - 安万特公司美国总部设在新泽西州布里奇沃特和Regeneron公司制药公司，总部设在纽约Tarrytown销售。 包装规格 每个预填充笔PRALUENT的或预充式注射器是旨在提供1毫升75毫克/毫升或150毫克/毫升的溶液。 PRALUENT是含有1或2，预填充笔和1或2个，预填充注射器纸箱可用。 包装规格75毫克/毫升预填充笔150毫克/毫升预填充笔 1笔包NDC0024-5901-01 NDC0024-5902-01 2笔包NDC0024-5901-02 NDC0024-5902-02 包装规格75毫克/毫升预灌封注射器150毫克/毫升预灌封注射器 1注射器包装NDC0024-5903-01 NDC0024-5904-01 2注射器包装NDC0024-5903-02 NDC0024-5904-02 储存在冰箱在36°F至46°F（2°C至10°C）的外箱，以便避光。 生产商：赛诺菲-安万特公司 HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use PRALUENT safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for PRALUENT. PRALUENT™ (alirocumab) injection, for subcutaneous use Initial U.S. Approval: 2015 INDICATIONS AND USAGE PRALUENT is a PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9) inhibitor antibody indicated as adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated statin therapy for the treatment of adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, who require additional lowering of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). (1.1) Limitations of Use The effect of PRALUENT on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been determined. (1.2) DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION The recommended starting dose for PRALUENT is 75 mg administered subcutaneously once every 2 weeks, since the majority of patients achieve sufficient LDL-C reduction with this dosage. If the LDL-C response is inadequate, the dosage may be increased to the maximum dosage of 150 mg administered every 2 weeks. (2.1) Measure LDL-C levels within 4 to 8 weeks of initiating or titrating PRALUENT, to assess response and adjust the dose, if needed. (2.1) DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Injection: 75 mg/mL or 150 mg/mL solution in a single-dose pre-filled pen (3) Injection: 75 mg/mL or 150 mg/mL solution in a single-dose pre-filled syringe (3) CONTRAINDICATIONS History of a serious hypersensitivity reaction to PRALUENT. (4) WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Allergic Reactions: Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., pruritus, rash, urticaria), including some serious events (e.g., hypersensitivity vasculitis and hypersensitivity reactions requiring hospitalization), have been reported with PRALUENT treatment. If signs or symptoms of serious allergic reactions occur, discontinue treatment with PRALUENT, treat according to the standard of care, and monitor until signs and symptoms resolve. (5.1) ADVERSE REACTIONS The most commonly occurring adverse reactions (≥5% of patients treated with PRALUENT and occurring more frequently than with placebo) are nasopharyngitis, injection site reactions, and influenza. (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Sanofi at 1-800-633-1610 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling. Revised: 7/2015 FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS* 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE 1.1 Primary Hyperlipidemia PRALUENT is indicated as an adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated statin therapy for the treatment of adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, who require additional lowering of LDL-C. 1.2 Limitations of Use The effect of PRALUENT on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been determined. 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Dosing Information The recommended starting dose of PRALUENT is 75 mg administered subcutaneously once every 2 weeks, since the majority of patients achieve sufficient LDL-C reduction with this dosage. If the LDL-C response is inadequate, the dosage may be increased to the maximum dosage of 150 mg administered every 2 weeks. Measure LDL-C levels within 4 to 8 weeks of initiating or titrating PRALUENT to assess response and adjust the dose, if needed. If a dose is missed, instruct the patient to administer the injection within 7 days from the missed dose and then resume the patient's original schedule. If the missed dose is not administered within 7 days, instruct the patient to wait until the next dose on the original schedule. 2.2 Important Administration Instructions Provide proper training to patients and/or caregivers on the preparation and administration of PRALUENT prior to use according to the Instructions for Use. Instruct patients and/or caregivers to read and follow the Instructions for Use each time they use PRALUENT. Allow PRALUENT to warm to room temperature for 30 to 40 minutes prior to use. Use PRALUENT as soon as possible after it has warmed up. Do NOT use PRALUENT if it has been at room temperature [77°F (25°C)] for 24 hours or longer. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. If the solution is discolored or contains visible particulate matter, the solution should not be used. Follow aseptic injection technique every time PRALUENT is administered. Administer PRALUENT by subcutaneous injection into the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm using a single-dose pre-filled pen or single-dose pre-filled syringe. Rotate the injection site with each injection. Do NOT inject PRALUENT into areas of active skin disease or injury such as sunburns, skin rashes, inflammation, or skin infections. Do NOT co-administer PRALUENT with other injectable drugs at the same injection site. 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS PRALUENT is a clear, colorless to pale yellow solution available as follows: Injection: Single-dose pre-filled pen 75 mg/mL 150 mg/mL Injection: Single-dose pre-filled syringe 75 mg/mL 150 mg/mL 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS PRALUENT is contraindicated in patients with a history of a serious hypersensitivity reaction to PRALUENT. Reactions have included hypersensitivity vasculitis and hypersensitivity reactions requiring hospitalization. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 5.1 Allergic Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., pruritus, rash, urticaria), including some serious events (e.g., hypersensitivity vasculitis and hypersensitivity reactions requiring hospitalization), have been reported with PRALUENT treatment. If signs or symptoms of serious allergic reactions occur, discontinue treatment with PRALUENT, treat according to the standard of care, and monitor until signs and symptoms resolve [see Contraindications (4)]. 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are also discussed in the other sections of the labeling: Allergic Reactions [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1).] 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of PRALUENT was evaluated in 9 placebo-controlled trials that included 2476 patients treated with PRALUENT, including 2135 exposed for 6 months and 1999 exposed for more than 1 year (median treatment duration of 65 weeks). The mean age of the population was 59 years, 40% of the population were women, 90% were Caucasians, 4% were Black or African American, and 3% were Asians. At baseline, 37% of patients had a diagnosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and 66% had clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of PRALUENT-treated patients, and more frequently than in placebo-treated patients, are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Adverse Reactions Occurring in Greater Than or Equal to 2% of PRALUENT-Treated Patients and More Frequently Than with Placebo Adverse Reactions Placebo (N=1276) PRALUENT* (N=2476) Nasopharyngitis 11.1% 11.3% Injection site reactions† 5.1% 7.2% Influenza 4.6% 5.7% Urinary tract infection 4.6% 4.8% Diarrhea 4.4% 4.7% Bronchitis 3.8% 4.3% Myalgia 3.4% 4.2% Muscle spasms 2.4% 3.1% Sinusitis 2.7% 3.0% Cough 2.3% 2.5% Contusion 1.3% 2.1% Musculoskeletal pain 1.6% 2.1% 75 mg every 2 weeks and 150 mg every 2 weeks combined includes erythema/redness, itching, swelling, pain/tenderness Adverse reactions led to discontinuation of treatment in 5.3% of patients treated with PRALUENT and 5.1% of patients treated with placebo. The most common adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation in patients treated with PRALUENT were allergic reactions (0.6% versus 0.2% for PRALUENT and placebo, respectively) and elevated liver enzymes (0.3% versus <0.1%). Local Injection Site Reactions Local injection site reactions including erythema/redness, itching, swelling, and pain/tenderness were reported more frequently in patients treated with PRALUENT (7.2% versus 5.1% for PRALUENT and placebo, respectively). Few patients discontinued treatment because of these reactions (0.2% versus 0.4% for PRALUENT and placebo, respectively), but patients receiving PRALUENT had a greater number of injection site reactions, had more reports of associated symptoms, and had reactions of longer average duration than patients receiving placebo. Allergic Reactions Allergic reactions were reported more frequently in patients treated with PRALUENT than in those treated with placebo (8.6% versus 7.8%). The proportion of patients who discontinued treatment due to allergic reactions was higher among those treated with PRALUENT (0.6% versus 0.2% ). Serious allergic reactions, such as hypersensitivity, nummular eczema, and hypersensitivity vasculitis were reported in patients using PRALUENT in controlled clinical trials [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Neurocognitive Events Neurocognitive events were reported in 0.8% of patients treated with PRALUENT and 0.7% of patients treated with placebo. Confusion or memory impairment were reported more frequently by those treated with PRALUENT (0.2% for each) than in those treated with placebo (<0.1% for each). Liver Enzyme Abnormalities Liver-related disorders (primarily related to abnormalities in liver enzymes) were reported in 2.5% of patients treated with PRALUENT and 1.8% of patients treated with placebo, leading to treatment discontinuation in 0.4% and 0.2% of patients, respectively. Increases in serum transaminases to greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal occurred in 1.7% of patients treated with PRALUENT and 1.4% of patients treated with placebo. Low LDL-C Values In a pool of both placebo- and active-controlled clinical trials, 796 PRALUENT-treated patients had two consecutive calculated LDL-C values <25 mg/dL, and 288 had two consecutive calculated LDL-C values <15 mg/dL. Changes to background lipid-altering therapy (e.g., maximally tolerated statins) were not made in response to low LDL-C values, and PRALUENT dosing was not modified or interrupted on this basis. Although adverse consequences of very low LDL-C were not identified in these trials, the long-term effects of very low levels of LDL-C induced by PRALUENT are unknown. 6.2 Immunogenicity As with all therapeutic proteins, there is a potential for immunogenicity with PRALUENT. In a pool of ten placebo- and active-controlled trials, 4.8% of patients treated with PRALUENT had anti-drug antibodies (ADA) newly detected after initiating treatment as compared with 0.6% of patients treated with control. Patients who developed ADA had a higher incidence of injection site reactions compared with patients who did not develop ADA (10.2% vs 5.9%). A total of 1.2% of patients treated with PRALUENT developed neutralizing antibodies (NAb) on at least one occasion as compared with no patients treated with control, and 0.3% of patients both tested positive for NAb and exhibited transient or prolonged loss of efficacy. The long-term consequences of continuing PRALUENT treatment in the presence of persistent NAb are unknown. Immunogenicity data are highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay as well as other factors. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors, including sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to PRALUENT with the incidence of antibodies to other products may be misleading. 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no available data on use of PRALUENT in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, there were no effects on embryo-fetal development when rats were subcutaneously administered alirocumab during organogenesis at dose exposures up to 12-fold the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose of 150 mg every two weeks. In monkeys, suppression of the humoral immune response was observed in infant monkeys when alirocumab was dosed during organogenesis to parturition at dose exposures 13-fold the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose of 150 mg every two weeks. No additional effects on pregnancy or neonatal/infant development were observed at dose exposures up to 81-fold the maximum recommended human dose of 150 mg every two weeks. Measurable alirocumab serum concentrations were observed in the infant monkeys at birth at comparable levels to maternal serum, indicating that alirocumab, like other IgG antibodies, crosses the placental barrier. FDA's experience with monoclonal antibodies in humans indicates that they are unlikely to cross the placenta in the first trimester; however, they are likely to cross the placenta in increasing amounts in the second and third trimester. Consider the benefits and risks of PRALUENT and possible risks to the fetus before prescribing PRALUENT to pregnant women. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2–4% and 15–20%, respectively. Data Animal Data In Sprague Dawley rats, no effects on embryo-fetal development were observed when alirocumab was dosed at up to 75 mg/kg/dose by the subcutaneous route on gestation days 6 and 12 at exposures 12-fold the maximum recommended human dose of 150 mg every two weeks, based on serum AUC. In cynomolgus monkeys, suppression of the humoral immune response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) antigen was observed in infant monkeys at 4 to 6 months of age when alirocumab was dosed during organogenesis to parturition at 15 mg/kg/week and 75 mg/kg/week by the subcutaneous route, corresponding to 13- and 81-fold the human exposure at the maximum recommended human dose of 150 mg every two weeks, based on serum AUC. The lowest dose tested in the monkey resulted in humoral immune suppression; therefore it is unknown if this effect would be observed at clinical exposure. No study designed to challenge the immune system of infant monkeys was conducted. No additional embryo-fetal, prenatal or postnatal effects were observed in infant monkeys, and no maternal effects were observed, when alirocumab was dosed at up to 75 mg/kg/week by the subcutaneous route, corresponding to maternal exposure of 81-fold the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose of 150 mg every two weeks, based on serum AUC. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There is no information regarding the presence of alirocumab in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. The development and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for PRALUENT and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from PRALUENT or from the underlying maternal condition. Human IgG is present in human milk, but published data suggest that breastmilk IgG antibodies do not enter the neonatal and infant circulation in substantial amounts. 8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients have not been established. 8.5 Geriatric Use In controlled studies, 1158 patients treated with PRALUENT were ≥65 years of age and 241 patients treated with PRALUENT were ≥75 years of age. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. 8.6 Renal Impairment No dose adjustment is needed for patients with mild or moderately impaired renal function. No data are available in patients with severe renal impairment. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.3).] 8.7 Hepatic Impairment No dose adjustment is needed for patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. No data are available in patients with severe hepatic impairment. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.3).] 11 DESCRIPTION Alirocumab is a human monoclonal antibody (IgG1 isotype) that targets proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Alirocumab is a PCSK9 inhibitor produced by recombinant DNA technology in Chinese Hamster Ovary cell suspension culture. Alirocumab consists of two disulfide-linked human heavy chains, each covalently linked through a disulfide bond to a human kappa light chain. A single N-linked glycosylation site is located in each heavy chain within the CH2 domain of the Fc constant region of the molecule. The variable domains of the heavy and light chains combine to form the PCSK9 binding site within the antibody. Alirocumab has an approximate molecular weight of 146 kDa. PRALUENT is a sterile, preservative-free, clear, colorless to pale yellow solution for subcutaneous injection. PRALUENT 75 mg/mL or 150 mg/mL solution for subcutaneous injection in a single-dose pre-filled pen or single-dose pre-filled syringe is supplied in a siliconized 1 mL Type-1 clear glass syringe. The needle shield is not made with natural rubber latex. Each 75 mg/mL pre-filled pen or pre-filled syringe contains histidine (8 mM), polysorbate 20 (0.1 mg), sucrose (100 mg), and Water for Injection USP, to pH 6.0. Each 150 mg/mL pre-filled pen or pre-filled syringe contains histidine (6 mM), polysorbate 20 (0.1 mg), sucrose (100 mg), and Water for Injection USP, to pH 6.0. 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Alirocumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9). PCSK9 binds to the low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR) on the surface of hepatocytes to promote LDLR degradation within the liver. LDLR is the primary receptor that clears circulating LDL, therefore the decrease in LDLR levels by PCSK9 results in higher blood levels of LDL-C. By inhibiting the binding of PCSK9 to LDLR, alirocumab increases the number of LDLRs available to clear LDL, thereby lowering LDL-C levels. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Alirocumab reduced free PCSK9 in a concentration-dependent manner. Following a single subcutaneous administration of alirocumab 75 or 150 mg, maximal suppression of free PCSK9 occurred within 4 to 8 hours. Free PCSK9 concentrations returned to baseline when alirocumab concentrations decreased below the limit of quantitation. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption After subcutaneous (SC) administration of 75 mg to 150 mg alirocumab, median times to maximum serum concentrations (tmax) were 3–7 days. The pharmacokinetics of alirocumab after single SC administration of 75 mg into the abdomen, upper arm, or thigh were similar. The absolute bioavailability of alirocumab after SC administration was about 85% as determined by population pharmacokinetics analysis. A slightly greater than dose proportional increase was observed, with a 2.1- to 2.7-fold increase in total alirocumab concentrations for a 2-fold increase in dose. Steady state was reached after 2 to 3 doses with an accumulation ratio of about 2-fold. Distribution Following IV administration, the volume of distribution was about 0.04 to 0.05 L/kg indicating that alirocumab is distributed primarily in the circulatory system. Metabolism and Elimination Specific metabolism studies were not conducted, because alirocumab is a protein. Alirocumab is expected to degrade to small peptides and individual amino acids. In clinical studies where alirocumab was administered in combination with atorvastatin or rosuvastatin, no relevant changes in statin concentrations were observed in the presence of repeated administration of alirocumab, indicating that cytochrome P450 enzymes (mainly CYP3A4 and CYP2C9) and transporter proteins such as P-gp and OATP were not affected by alirocumab. Two elimination phases were observed for alirocumab. At low concentrations, the elimination is predominately through saturable binding to target (PCSK9), while at higher concentrations the elimination of alirocumab is largely through a non-saturable proteolytic pathway. Based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis, the median apparent half-life of alirocumab at steady state was 17 to 20 days in patients receiving alirocumab at subcutaneous doses of 75 mg Q2W or 150 mg Q2W. Specific Populations A population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted on data from 2799 subjects. Age, body weight, gender, race, and creatinine clearance were found not to significantly influence alirocumab pharmacokinetics. No dose adjustments are recommended for these demographics. Pediatric PRALUENT has not been studied in pediatric patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. Renal Impairment Since monoclonal antibodies are not known to be eliminated via renal pathways, renal function is not expected to impact the pharmacokinetics of alirocumab. No data are available in patients with severe renal impairment. Hepatic Impairment Following administration of a single 75 mg SC dose, alirocumab pharmacokinetic profiles in subjects with mild and moderate hepatic impairment were similar to those in subjects with normal hepatic function. No data are available in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Drug-Drug Interactions The median apparent half-life of alirocumab is reduced to 12 days when administered with a statin; however, this difference is not clinically meaningful and does not impact dosing recommendations. 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with alirocumab. The mutagenic potential of alirocumab has not been evaluated; however, monoclonal antibodies are not expected to alter DNA or chromosomes. There were no adverse effects on surrogate markers of fertility (e.g., estrous cyclicity, testicular volume, ejaculate volume, sperm motility, or total sperm count per ejaculate) in a 6-month chronic toxicology study in sexually-mature monkeys subcutaneously administered at 5, 15, and 75 mg/kg/week at systemic exposures up to 103-fold the 150 mg every two weeks subcutaneous clinical dose based on serum AUC. In addition, there were no adverse alirocumab-related anatomic pathology or histopathology findings in reproductive tissues in rat or monkey toxicology studies at systemic exposures up to 11-fold and 103-fold respectively, in the 6-month studies, compared to clinical systemic exposure following a 150 mg every two weeks dose, based on serum AUC. 13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology During a 13-week toxicology study of 75 mg/kg once weekly alirocumab in combination with 40 mg/kg once daily atorvastatin in adult monkeys, there were no effects of PRALUENT on the humoral immune response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) after one to two months at exposures 100-fold greater than the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose of 150 mg every two weeks, based on AUC. 14 CLINICAL STUDIES The efficacy of PRALUENT was investigated in five double-blind placebo-controlled trials that enrolled 3499 patients; 36% were patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) and 54% were non-FH patients who had clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Three of the five trials were conducted exclusively in patients with HeFH. All patients were receiving a maximally tolerated dose of a statin, with or without other lipid-modifying therapies. In the trials that enrolled patients with HeFH, the diagnosis of HeFH was made either by genotyping or clinical criteria ("definite FH" using either the Simon Broome or WHO/Dutch Lipid Network criteria). All trials were at least 52 weeks in duration with the primary efficacy endpoint measured at week 24 (mean percent change in LDL-C from baseline). Three studies used an initial dose of 75 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) followed by criteria-based up-titration to 150 mg Q2W at week 12 for patients who did not achieve their pre-defined target LDL-C at week 8. The majority of patients (57% to 83%) who were treated for at least 12 weeks did not require up-titration. Two studies used only a 150 mg Q2W dose. Study 1 was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that randomly assigned 1553 patients to PRALUENT 150 mg Q2W and 788 patients to placebo. All patients were taking maximally tolerated doses of statins with or without other lipid-modifying therapy, and required additional LDL-C reduction. The mean age was 61 years (range 18–89), 38% were women, 93% were Caucasian, 3% were Black, and 5% were Hispanic/Latino. Overall, 69% were non-FH patients with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and 18% had HeFH. The average LDL-C at baseline was 122 mg/dL. The proportion of patients who prematurely discontinued study drug prior to the 24-week endpoint was 8% among those treated with PRALUENT and 8% among those treated with placebo. At week 24, the treatment difference between PRALUENT and placebo in mean LDL-C percent change was -58% (95% CI: -61%, -56%; p-value: <0.0001). For additional results see Table 2 and Figure 1. Table 2 Mean Percent Change from Baseline and Difference* from Placebo in Lipid Parameters at Week 24 in Study 1†  Treatment Group LDL-C Total-C Non-HDL-C Apo B Week 24 (Mean Percent Change from Baseline) Placebo 1 0 1 1 PRALUENT (150 mg) -58 -36 -49 -50 Difference from placebo (LS Mean) (95% CI) -58 (-61, -56) -36 (-37, -34) -50 (-52, -47) -51 (-53, -48) Difference is PRALUENT minus Placebo A pattern-mixture model approach was used with multiple imputation of missing post-treatment values based on a subject's own baseline value and multiple imputation of missing on-treatment values based on a model including available on-treatment values Figure 1 Mean Percent Change from Baseline in LDL-C Over 52 Weeks in Patients on Maximally Tolerated Statin Treated with PRALUENT 150 mg Q2W and Placebo Q2W (Study 1)a a The means were estimated based on all randomized patients, with multiple imputation of missing data taking into account treatment adherence. b Number of patients with observed data Study 2 was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that randomly assigned 209 patients to PRALUENT and 107 to placebo. Patients were taking maximally tolerated doses of statins with or without other lipid-modifying therapy, and required additional LDL-C reduction. The mean age was 63 years (range 39–87), 34% were women, 82% were Caucasian, 16% were Black, and 11% were Hispanic/Latino. Overall 84% had clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Mean baseline LDL-C was 102 mg/dL. The proportion of patients who prematurely discontinued study drug prior to the 24-week endpoint was 11% among those treated with PRALUENT and 12% among those treated with placebo. At week 12, the mean percent change from baseline in LDL-C was -45% with PRALUENT compared to 1% with placebo, and the treatment difference between PRALUENT 75mg Q2W and placebo in mean LDL-C percent change was -46% (95% CI: -53%, -39%). At week 12, if additional LDL-C lowering was required based on pre-specified LDL-C criteria, PRALUENT was up-titrated to 150 mg Q2W for the remainder of the trial. At week 24, the mean percent change from baseline in LDL-C was -44% with PRALUENT and -2% with placebo, and the treatment difference between PRALUENT and placebo in mean LDL-C percent change was -43% (95% CI: -50%, -35%; p-value: <0.0001). The dose was up-titrated to 150 mg Q2W in 32 (17%) of 191 patients treated with PRALUENT for at least 12 weeks. Studies 3 and 4 were multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that, combined, randomly assigned 490 patients to PRALUENT and 245 to placebo. The trials were similar with regard to both design and eligibility criteria. All patients had HeFH, were taking a maximally tolerated dose of statin with or without other lipid-modifying therapy, and required additional LDL-C reduction. The mean age was 52 years (range 20–87), 45% were women, 94% were Caucasian, 1% were Black, and 3% were Hispanic/Latino. Overall, 45% of these patients with HeFH also had clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The average LDL-C at baseline was 141 mg/dL. Considering both trials together, the proportion of patients who prematurely discontinued study drug prior to the 24-week endpoint was 6% among those treated with PRALUENT and 4% among those treated with placebo. At week 12, the treatment difference between PRALUENT 75 mg Q2W and placebo in mean LDL-C percent change was -48% (95% CI: -52%, -44%). At week 12, if additional LDL-C lowering was required based on pre-specified LDL-C criteria, PRALUENT was up-titrated to 150 mg Q2W for the remainder of the trials. At week 24, the mean treatment difference between PRALUENT and placebo in mean LDL-C percent change from baseline was -54% (95% CI: -59%, -50%; p-value: <0.0001). The dose was up-titrated to 150 mg Q2W in 196 (42%) of 469 patients treated with PRALUENT for at least 12 weeks. The LDL-C-lowering effect was sustained to week 52. For additional results see Table 3 and Figure 2. Table 3 Mean Percent Change from Baseline and Difference* from Placebo in Lipid Parameters at Week 12 and Week 24 in Patients with HeFH (Studies 3 and 4 Pooled)†  Treatment Group LDL-C Total-C Non-HDL-C Apo B   Week 12 (Mean Percent Change from Baseline) Placebo 5 4 5 2 PRALUENT (75 mg) -43 -27 -38 -34 Difference from placebo (LS Mean) (95% CI) -48 (-52, -44) -31 (-34, -28) -42 (-46, -39) -36 (-39, -33) Week 24 (Mean Percent Change from Baseline) Placebo 7 5 7 2 PRALUENT (75/up150 mg‡) -47 -30 -42 -40 Difference from placebo (LS Mean) (95% CI) -54 (-59, -50) -36 (-39, -33) -49 (-53, -45) -42 (-45, -39) Difference is PRALUENT minus Placebo A pattern-mixture model approach was used with multiple imputation of missing post-treatment values based on a subject's own baseline value and multiple imputation of missing on-treatment values based on a model including available on-treatment values. Dose was up-titrated to 150 mg Q2W in 196 (42%) patients treated for at least 12 weeks Figure 2 Mean Percent Change from Baseline in LDL-C Over 52 Weeks in Patients with HeFH on Maximally-Tolerated Statin Treated with PRALUENT 75/150 mg Q2W and Placebo Q2W (Studies 3 and 4 Pooled)a a The means were estimated based on all randomized patients, with multiple imputation of missing data taking into account treatment adherence. b Number of patients with observed data. Study 5 was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that randomly assigned 72 patients to PRALUENT 150 mg Q2W and 35 patients to placebo. Patients had HeFH with a baseline LDL-C ≥160 mg/dL while taking a maximally tolerated dose of statin with or without other lipid-modifying therapy. The mean age was 51 years (range 18–80), 47% were women, 88% were Caucasian, 2% were Black, and 6% were Hispanic/Latino. Overall, 50% had clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The average LDL-C at baseline was 198 mg/dL. The proportion of patients who discontinued study drug prior to the 24-week endpoint was 10% among those treated with PRALUENT and 0% among those treated with placebo. At week 24, the mean percent change from baseline in LDL-C was -43% with PRALUENT and -7% with placebo, and the treatment difference between PRALUENT and placebo in mean LDL-C percent change was -36% (95% CI: -49%, -24%; p-value: <0.0001). 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING PRALUENT is a clear, colorless to pale yellow solution, supplied in single-dose pre-filled pens and single-dose pre-filled glass syringes. Each pre-filled pen or pre-filled syringe of PRALUENT is designed to deliver 1 mL of 75 mg/mL or 150 mg/mL solution. PRALUENT is available in cartons containing 1 or 2, pre-filled pens and 1 or 2, pre-filled syringes. Pack Size 75 mg/mL Pre-Filled Pen 150 mg/mL Pre-Filled Pen Pack of 1 pen NDC 0024-5901-01 NDC 0024-5902-01 Pack of 2 pens NDC 0024-5901-02 NDC 0024-5902-02 Pack Size 75 mg/mL Pre-Filled Syringe 150 mg/mL Pre-Filled Syringe Pack of 1 syringe NDC 0024-5903-01 NDC 0024-5904-01 Pack of 2 syringes NDC 0024-5903-02 NDC 0024-5904-02 Store in a refrigerator at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C) in the outer carton in order to protect from light. Do NOT freeze. Do NOT expose to extreme heat. Do NOT shake. 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION See FDA-Approved Patient Labeling (Patient Information and Instructions for Use). Allergic Reactions Advise patients to discontinue PRALUENT and seek prompt medical attention if any signs or symptoms of serious allergic reactions occur. Instructions for Administration Instruct patients and caregivers to read the Patient Information and Instructions For Use (IFU) before the patient starts using PRALUENT, and each time the patient gets a refill as there may be new information they need to know. Provide guidance to patients and caregivers on proper subcutaneous injection technique, including aseptic technique, and how to use the pre-filled pen or pre-filled syringe correctly (see Instructions for Use leaflet). Inform patients that it may take up to 20 seconds to inject PRALUENT. The pre-filled pen or pre-filled syringe should be allowed to warm to room temperature for 30 to 40 minutes prior to use. PRALUENT should be used as soon as possible after it has warmed up. Time out of refrigeration should not exceed 24 hours at 77°F (25°C). Patients and caregivers should be cautioned that the pre-filled pen or pre-filled syringe must not be re-used and instructed in the technique of proper pen and syringe disposal in a puncture-resistant container. Do not recycle the container.