Risedronate（利塞膦酸钠）能抑制破骨细胞(osetoclast)将骨质分解吸收﹑减缓钙质从骨头内流失﹑预防治疗骨质疏松症
通用名称：利塞膦酸钠
剂型：片剂，薄膜包衣
利塞膦酸钠的片剂，USP口服使用
美国首次批准：1998 公司：Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc
目前的主要变化
禁忌 03/2015
警告和注意事项 04/2015
适应症和用法
利塞膦酸钠片的双膦酸盐表示为：
•治疗和预防骨质疏松症的绝经后。
使用限制
使用的最佳持续时间尚未确定。对于患者在低风险的骨折，经过3至5年的使用考虑停药。
用法用量
治疗绝经后骨质疏松：75毫克，每月连续两天，150毫克一次的月
指导患者：
•吞服片剂整体用6到8盎司的白开水，前至少30分钟的第一食品，饮料，或一天中的药物
•避免平躺30分钟
•采取补充钙和维生素D，如果饮食中摄取不足
剂型和规格
片剂：75毫克和150毫克
禁忌
•食管异常延缓食管排空，如狭窄或贲门失弛缓症
•不能站立或坐直至少30分钟
•低钙血症
•已知过敏本产品的任何组件
警告和注意事项
•产品含有相同的活性成分：接收利塞膦酸钠缓释片的患者不应该与利塞膦酸钠片处理。
•上消化道不良反应可能发生。指导患者按照给药说明。停止使用，如果出现新的或恶化的症状。
•低钙血症可能会恶化，并且必须使用前予以纠正。
•颚骨坏死有报道。
•严重的骨骼，关节，肌肉疼痛，可能会出现。停止使用，如果症状严重者发展。
•非典型股骨骨折的报道。患者新的大腿或腹股沟疼痛进行评估，以排除股骨骨折。
不良反应
报道的与利塞膦酸盐和具有频率高于安慰剂组大于10％的最常见的不良反应有：背痛，关节痛，腹痛，消化不良。
过敏反应（血管性水肿，广义皮疹，大疱性皮肤反应，Stevens-Johnson综合征，和中毒性表皮坏死松解症），及眼部炎症（虹膜炎，葡萄膜炎）已经报道很少。
药物相互作用
钙，抗酸剂，或含有二价阳离子口服药物干扰利塞的吸收。
特殊人群中使用
利塞膦酸钠不推荐用于治疗重度肾功能不全（肌酐清除率小于30毫升/分钟）。
利塞没有表明对儿科患者一起使用。
包装规格/储存
利塞膦酸钠片：75毫克或150毫克
75毫克*2片    NDC 0378-4727-90
75毫克*20片   NDC 0378-4727-94

150毫克*1片   NDC 0378-4150-32
150毫克*10片  NDC 0378-4150-97
150毫克*3片   NDC 0378-4150-53
150毫克*30片  NDC 0378-4150-93
商店在20°至25°C（68°至77°F）。 [见USP控制室温。]
在紧张，避光容器分装的定义
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1 Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Risedronate sodium tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, risedronate reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures and a composite endpoint of nonvertebral osteoporosis-related fractures [see Clinical Studies (14.1, 14.2)].
1.5 Important Limitations of Use
The optimal duration of use has not been determined. The safety and effectiveness of risedronate sodium tablets for the treatment of osteoporosis are based on clinical data of 3 years duration. All patients on bisphosphonate therapy should have the need for continued therapy re-evaluated on a periodic basis. Patients at low-risk for fracture should be considered for drug discontinuation after 3 to 5 years of use. Patients who discontinue therapy should have their risk for fracture re-evaluated periodically.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
[See Indications and Usage (1.1).]
The recommended regimen is:
• one 75 mg tablet orally, taken on two consecutive days for a total of two tablets each month or
• one 150 mg tablet orally, taken once-a-month
2.2 Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
[See Indications and Usage (1.1).]
The recommended regimen is:
• one 75 mg tablet orally, taken on two consecutive days for a total of two tablets each month may be considered or
• one 150 mg tablet orally, taken once-a-month may be considered
2.6 Important Administration Instructions
Instruct patients to do the following:
• Take risedronate sodium tablets at least 30 minutes before the first food or drink of the day other than water, and before taking any oral medication or supplementation, including calcium, antacids, or vitamins to maximize absorption and clinical benefit, [ see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Avoid the use of water with supplements, including mineral water, because they may have a higher concentration of calcium.
• Swallow risedronate sodium tablets whole with a full glass of plain water (6 to 8 ounces). Avoid lying down for 30 minutes after taking the medication [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Do not chew or suck the tablet because of a potential for oropharyngeal ulceration.
• Do not eat or drink anything except plain water, or take other medications for at least 30 minutes after taking risedronate sodium tablets.
2.7 Recommendations for Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation
Instruct patients to take supplemental calcium and vitamin D if their dietary intake is inadequate; and to take calcium supplements, antacids, magnesium-based supplements or laxatives, and iron preparations at a different time of the day as they interfere with the absorption of risedronate sodium tablets.
2.8 Administration Instructions for Missed Doses
Instruct patients about missing risedronate sodium tablet doses as follows:
• If one or both tablets of risedronate sodium 75 mg on two consecutive days per month are missed, and the next month’s scheduled doses are more than 7 days away:
• If both tablets are missed, take one risedronate sodium 75 mg tablet in the morning after the day it is remembered and then the other tablet on the next consecutive morning.
• If only one risedronate sodium 75 mg tablet is missed, take the missed tablet in the morning after the day it is remembered.
• Return to taking their risedronate sodium 75 mg tablets on two consecutive days per month as originally scheduled.
• Do not take more than two 75 mg tablets within 7 days.
• If one or both tablets of risedronate sodium 75 mg on two consecutive days per month are missed, and the next month's scheduled doses are within 7 days:
• Wait until their next month’s scheduled doses and then continue taking risedronate sodium 75 mg tablets on two consecutive days per month as originally scheduled.
• If the dose of risedronate sodium 150 mg once-a-month is missed, and the next month’s scheduled dose is more than 7 days away:
• Take the missed tablet in the morning after the day it is remembered and then return to taking their risedronate sodium 150 mg tablet once-a-month as originally scheduled.
• Do not take more than one 150 mg tablet within 7 days.
• If the dose of risedronate sodium 150 mg once-a-month is missed, and the next month's scheduled dose is within 7 days:
• Wait until their next month’s scheduled dose and then continue taking risedronate sodium 150 mg tablet once-a-month as originally scheduled. 
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
• 75 mg tablets are pink, film-coated, round, unscored tablets debossed with M on one side of the tablet and 727 on the other side.
• 150 mg tablets are light blue, film-coated, round, tablets debossed with M over RE on one side of the tablet and 150 on the other side. 
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
Risedronate sodium tablets are contraindicated in patients with the following conditions:
• Abnormalities of the esophagus which delay esophageal emptying such as stricture or achalasia [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Inability to stand or sit upright for at least 30 minutes [ see Dosage and Administration (2), Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Hypocalcemia [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
• Known hypersensitivity to risedronate sodium tablets or any of its excipients. Angioedema, generalized rash, bullous skin reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported [ see Adverse Reactions (6.2)] 
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Drug Products with the Same Active Ingredient
Risedronate sodium tablets contain the same active ingredient found in risedronate sodium delayed-release tablets. A patient being treated with risedronate sodium delayed-release tablets should not receive risedronate sodium tablets.
5.2 Upper Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions
Risedronate, like other bisphosphonates administered orally, may cause local irritation of the upper gastrointestinal mucosa. Because of these possible irritant effects and a potential for worsening of the underlying disease, caution should be used when risedronate is given to patients with active upper gastrointestinal problems (such as known Barrett’s esophagus, dysphagia, other esophageal diseases, gastritis, duodenitis or ulcers) [see Contraindications (4), Adverse Reactions (6.1), Information for Patients (17.1)].
Esophageal adverse experiences, such as esophagitis, esophageal ulcers and esophageal erosions, occasionally with bleeding and rarely followed by esophageal stricture or perforation, have been reported in patients receiving treatment with oral bisphosphonates. In some cases, these have been severe and required hospitalization. Physicians should therefore be alert to any signs or symptoms signaling a possible esophageal reaction and patients should be instructed to discontinue risedronate and seek medical attention if they develop dysphagia, odynophagia, retrosternal pain or new or worsening heartburn.
The risk of severe esophageal adverse experiences appears to be greater in patients who lie down after taking oral bisphosphonates and/or who fail to swallow it with the recommended full glass (6 to 8 ounces) of water, and/or who continue to take oral bisphosphonates after developing symptoms suggestive of esophageal irritation. Therefore, it is very important that the full dosing instructions are provided to, and understood by, the patient [see Dosage and Administration (2)]. In patients who cannot comply with dosing instructions due to mental disability, therapy with risedronate should be used under appropriate supervision.
There have been postmarketing reports of gastric and duodenal ulcers with oral bisphosphonate use, some severe and with complications, although no increased risk was observed in controlled clinical trials.
5.3 Mineral Metabolism
Hypocalcemia has been reported in patients taking risedronate. Treat hypocalcemia and other disturbances of bone and mineral metabolism before starting risedronate therapy. Instruct patients to take supplemental calcium and vitamin D if their dietary intake is inadequate.
Adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D is important in all patients, especially in patients with Paget’s disease in whom bone turnover is significantly elevated [see Contraindications (4), Adverse Reactions (6.1), Information for Patients (17.1)].
5.4 Jaw Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), which can occur spontaneously, is generally associated with tooth extraction and/or local infection with delayed healing, and has been reported in patients taking bisphosphonates, including risedronate. Known risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw include invasive dental procedures (for example, tooth extraction, dental implants, boney surgery), diagnosis of cancer, concomitant therapies (for example, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, angiogenesis inhibitors), poor oral hygiene, and co-morbid disorders (for example, periodontal and/or other pre-existing dental disease, anemia, coagulopathy, infection, ill-fitting dentures). The risk of ONJ may increase with duration of exposure to bisphosphonates.
For patients requiring invasive dental procedures, discontinuation of bisphosphonate treatment may reduce the risk for ONJ. Clinical judgment of the treating physician and/or oral surgeon should guide the management plan of each patient based on individual benefit/risk assessment.
Patients who develop osteonecrosis of the jaw while on bisphosphonate therapy should receive care by an oral surgeon. In these patients, extensive dental surgery to treat ONJ may exacerbate the condition. Discontinuation of bisphosphonate therapy should be considered based on individual benefit/risk assessment [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
5.5 Musculoskeletal Pain
In postmarketing experience, there have been reports of severe and occasionally incapacitating bone, joint, and/or muscle pain in patients taking bisphosphonates [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. The time to onset of symptoms varied from one day to several months after starting the drug. Most patients had relief of symptoms after stopping medication. A subset had recurrence of symptoms when rechallenged with the same drug or another bisphosphonate. Consider discontinuing use if severe symptoms develop.
5.6 Atypical Subtrochanteric and Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures
Atypical, low-energy, or low trauma fractures of the femoral shaft have been reported in bisphosphonate-treated patients. These fractures can occur anywhere in the femoral shaft from just below the lesser trochanter to above the supracondylar flare and are traverse or short oblique in orientation without evidence of comminution. Causality has not been established as these fractures also occur in osteoporotic patients who have not been treated with bisphosphonates.
Atypical femur fractures most commonly occur with minimal or no trauma to the affected area. They may be bilateral and many patients report prodromal pain in the affected area, usually presenting as dull, aching thigh pain, weeks to months before a complete fracture occurs. A number of reports note that patients were also receiving treatment with glucocorticoids (for example, prednisone) at the time of fracture.
Any patient with a history of bisphosphonate exposure who presents with thigh or groin pain should be suspected of having an atypical fracture and should be evaluated to rule out an incomplete femur fracture. Patients presenting with an atypical fracture should also be assessed for symptoms and signs of fracture in the contralateral limb. Interruption of bisphosphonate therapy should be considered, pending a risk/benefit assessment, on an individual basis.
5.7 Renal Impairment
Risedronate is not recommended for use in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min).
5.8 Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Before initiating risedronate treatment for the treatment and prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, the sex steroid hormonal status of both men and women should be ascertained and appropriate replacement considered.
5.9 Laboratory Test Interactions
Bisphosphonates are known to interfere with the use of bone-imaging agents. Specific studies with risedronate have not been performed.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
6.1 Clinical Studies Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Monthly Dosing - Two Consecutive Days per Month
The safety of risedronate 75 mg administered on two consecutive days per month for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in a double-blind, multicenter study in postmenopausal women aged 50 to 86 years. The duration of the trial was 2 years; 613 patients were exposed to risedronate 5 mg daily and 616 were exposed to risedronate 75 mg two consecutive days per month. Patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease and concomitant use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and H2 antagonists were included in this clinical trial. All women received 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 to 800 international units of vitamin D supplementation per day.
The incidence of all-cause mortality was 1% for the risedronate 5 mg daily group and 0.5% for the risedronate 75 mg two consecutive days per month group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 10.8% in the risedronate 5 mg daily group and 14.4% in the risedronate 75 mg two consecutive days per month group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from treatment due to adverse events was 14.2% in the risedronate 5 mg daily group and 13% in the risedronate 75 mg two consecutive days per month group. The overall safety and tolerability profiles of the two dosing regimens were similar.
Acute Phase Reactions
Symptoms consistent with acute phase reaction have been reported with bisphosphonate use. The overall incidence of acute phase reaction was 3.6% of patients on risedronate 5 mg daily and 7.6% of patients on risedronate 75 mg two consecutive days per month. These incidence rates are based on reporting of any of 33 acute phase reaction-like symptoms within 5 days of the first dose. Fever or influenza-like illness with onset within the same period were reported by 0% of patients on risedronate 5 mg daily and 0.6% of patients on risedronate 75 mg two consecutive days per month.
Gastrointestinal Adverse Events
The risedronate 75 mg two consecutive days per month group resulted in a higher incidence of discontinuation due to vomiting (1% versus 0.2%) and diarrhea (1% versus 0.3%) compared to the risedronate 5 mg daily group. Most of these events occurred within a few days of dosing.
Ocular Adverse Events
None of the patients treated with risedronate 75 mg two consecutive days per month reported ocular inflammation such as uveitis, scleritis, or iritis; one patient treated with risedronate 5 mg daily reported uveitis.
Laboratory Test Findings
When risedronate 5 mg daily and risedronate 75 mg two consecutive days per month were compared in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, the mean percent changes from baseline at 24 months were 0.2% and 0.8% for serum calcium, -1.9% and -1.3% for phosphate, and -10.4% and -17.2% for PTH, respectively. Compared to the risedronate 5 mg daily group, risedronate 75 mg two consecutive days per month resulted in a slightly higher incidence of hypocalcemia at the end of the first month of treatment (4.5% versus 3%). Thereafter, the incidence of hypocalcemia with these regimens was similar at approximately 2%.
Once-a-Month
The safety of risedronate 150 mg administered once-a-month for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in a double-blind, multicenter study in postmenopausal women aged 50 to 88 years. The duration of the trial was one year, with 642 patients exposed to risedronate 5 mg daily and 650 exposed to risedronate 150 mg once-a-month. Patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease and concomitant use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and H2 antagonists were included in this clinical trial. All women received 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus up to 1000 international units of vitamin D supplementation per day.
The incidence of all-cause mortality was 0.5% for the risedronate 5 mg daily group and 0% for the risedronate 150 mg once-a-month group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 4.2% in the risedronate 5 mg daily group and 6.2% in the risedronate 150 mg once-a-month group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from treatment due to adverse events was 9.5% in the risedronate 5 mg daily group and 8.6% in the risedronate 150 mg once-a-month group. The overall safety and tolerability profiles of the two dosing regimens were similar.
Acute Phase Reactions
Symptoms consistent with acute phase reaction have been reported with bisphosphonate use. The overall incidence of acute phase reaction was 1.1% in the risedronate 5 mg daily group and 5.2% in the risedronate 150 mg once-a-month group. These incidence rates are based on reporting of any of 33 acute phase reaction-like symptoms within 3 days of the first dose and for a duration of 7 days or less. Fever or influenza-like illness with onset within the same period were reported by 0.2% of patients on risedronate 5 mg daily and 1.4% of patients on risedronate 150 mg once-a-month.
Gastrointestinal Adverse Events
A greater percentage of patients experienced diarrhea with risedronate 150 mg once-a-month compared to 5 mg daily (8.2% versus 4.7%, respectively). The risedronate 150 mg once-a-month group resulted in a higher incidence of discontinuation due to abdominal pain upper (2.5% versus 1.4%) and diarrhea (0.8% versus 0%) compared to the risedronate 5 mg daily regimen. All of these events occurred within a few days of the first dose. The incidence of vomiting that led to discontinuation was the same in both groups (0.3% versus 0.3%).
Ocular Adverse Events
None of the patients treated with risedronate 150 mg once-a-month reported ocular inflammation such as uveitis, scleritis, or iritis; two patients treated with risedronate 5 mg daily reported iritis.
Laboratory Test Findings
When risedronate 5 mg daily and risedronate 150 mg once-a-month were compared in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, the mean percent changes from baseline at 12 months were 0.1% and 0.3% for serum calcium, -2.3% and -2.3% for phosphate, and 8.3% and 4.8% for PTH, respectively. Compared to the risedronate 5 mg daily regimen, risedronate 150 mg once-a-month resulted in a slightly higher incidence of hypocalcemia at the end of the first month of treatment (0.2% versus 2.2%). Thereafter, the incidence of hypocalcemia with these regimens was similar at approximately 2%.
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
Because these adverse reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hypersensitivity and skin reactions have been reported, including angioedema, generalized rash, bullous skin reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Gastrointestinal Adverse Events
Events involving upper gastrointestinal irritation, such as esophagitis and esophageal or gastric ulcers, have been reported [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Musculoskeletal Pain
Bone, joint or muscle pain, described as severe or incapacitating, have been reported rarely [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Eye Inflammation
Reactions of eye inflammation including iritis and uveitis have been reported rarely.
Jaw Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis of the jaw has been reported rarely [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Pulmonary
Asthma exacerbations.
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
No specific drug-drug interaction studies were performed. Risedronate is not metabolized and does not induce or inhibit hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes (for example, Cytochrome P450).
7.1 Calcium Supplements/Antacids
Co-administration of risedronate and calcium, antacids, or oral medications containing divalent cations will interfere with the absorption of risedronate.
7.2 Hormone Replacement Therapy
One study of about 500 early postmenopausal women has been conducted to date in which treatment with risedronate 5 mg daily plus estrogen replacement therapy was compared to estrogen replacement therapy alone. Exposure to study drugs was approximately 12 to 18 months and the primary endpoint was change in BMD. If considered appropriate, risedronate may be used concomitantly with hormone replacement therapy.
7.3 Aspirin/Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Of over 5700 patients enrolled in the risedronate Phase 3 osteoporosis studies, aspirin use was reported by 31% of patients, 24% of whom were regular users (3 or more days per week). Forty-eight percent of patients reported NSAID use, 21% of whom were regular users. Among regular aspirin or NSAID users, the incidence of upper gastrointestinal adverse experiences in placebo-treated patients (24.8%) was similar to that in risedronate-treated patients (24.5%).
7.4 H2 Blockers and Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Of over 5700 patients enrolled in the risedronate Phase 3 osteoporosis studies, 21% used H2 blockers and/or PPIs. Among these patients, the incidence of upper gastrointestinal adverse experiences in the placebo-treated patients was similar to that in risedronate-treated patients.
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
Terotogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category C
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of risedronate in pregnant women. Risedronate should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the mother and fetus.
Bisphosphonates are incorporated into the bone matrix, from which they are gradually released over periods of weeks to years. The amount of bisphosphonate incorporation into adult bone, and hence, the amount available for release back into the systemic circulation, is directly related to the dose and duration of bisphosphonate use. There are no data on fetal risk in humans. However, there is a theoretical risk of fetal harm, predominantly skeletal, if a woman becomes pregnant after completing a course of bisphosphonate therapy. The impact of variables such as time between cessation of bisphosphonate therapy to conception, the particular bisphosphonate used, and the route of administration (intravenous versus oral) on this risk has not been studied.
In animal studies, pregnant rats received risedronate sodium during organogenesis at doses 1 to 26 times the human dose of 30 mg/day. Survival of neonates was decreased in rats treated during gestation with oral doses approximately 5 times the human dose and body weight was decreased in neonates from dams treated with approximately 26 times the human dose. The number of fetuses exhibiting incomplete ossification of sternebrae or skull from dams treated with approximately 2.5 times the human dose was significantly increased compared to controls. Both incomplete ossification and unossified sternebrae were increased in rats treated with oral doses approximately 5 times the human dose. A low incidence of cleft palate was observed in fetuses from female rats treated with oral doses approximately equal to the human dose. The relevance of this finding to human use of risedronate is unclear.
No significant fetal ossification effects were seen in rabbits treated with oral doses approximately 7 times the human dose (the highest dose tested). However, 1 of 14 litters were aborted and 1 of 14 litters were delivered prematurely.
Similar to other bisphosphonates, treatment during mating and gestation with doses of risedronate sodium approximately the same as the 30 mg/day human dose resulted in periparturient hypocalcemia and mortality in pregnant rats allowed to deliver.
Dosing multiples provided above are based on the recommended human dose of 30 mg/day and normalized using body surface area (mg/m2). Actual animal doses were 3.2, 7.1 and 16 mg/kg/day in the rat and 10 mg/kg/day in the rabbit.
8.3 Nursing Mothers
Risedronate was detected in feeding pups exposed to lactating rats for a 24-hour period post-dosing, indicating a small degree of lacteal transfer. It is not known whether risedronate is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from risedronate, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
8.4 Pediatric Use
Risedronate is not indicated for use in pediatric patients.
The safety and effectiveness of risedronate was assessed in a one-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study of 143 pediatric patients (94 received risedronate) with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The enrolled population was predominantly patients with mild osteogenesis imperfecta (85% Type-I), aged 4 to less than 16 years, 50% male and 82% Caucasian, with a mean lumbar spine BMD Z-score of -2.08 (2.08 standard deviations below the mean for age-matched controls). Patients received either a 2.5 mg (less than or equal to 30 kg body weight) or 5 mg (greater than 30 kg body weight) daily oral dose. After one year, an increase in lumbar spine BMD in the risedronate group compared to the placebo group was observed. However, treatment with risedronate did not result in a reduction in the risk of fracture in pediatric patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. In risedronate-treated subjects, no mineralization defects were noted in paired bone biopsy specimens obtained at baseline and month 12.
The overall safety profile of risedronate in OI patients treated for up to 12 months was generally similar to that of adults with osteoporosis. However, there was an increased incidence of vomiting compared to placebo. In this study, vomiting was observed in 15% of children treated with risedronate and 6% of patients treated with placebo. Other adverse events reported in greater than or equal to 10% of patients treated with risedronate and with a higher frequency than placebo were: pain in the extremity (21% with risedronate versus 16% with placebo), headache (20% versus 8%), back pain (17% versus 10%), pain (15% versus 10%), upper abdominal pain (11% versus 8%) and bone pain (10% versus 4%).
8.5 Geriatric Use
Of the patients receiving risedronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis studies [see Clinical Studies (14)], 47% were between 65 and 75 years of age, and 17% were over 75. The corresponding proportions were 26% and 11% in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis trials, and 40% and 26% in Paget’s disease trials. No overall differences in efficacy between geriatric and younger patients were observed in these studies. In the male osteoporosis trial, 28% of patients receiving risedronate were between 65 and 75 years of age and 9% were over 75. The lumbar spine BMD response for risedronate compared to placebo was 5.6% for subjects less than 65 years and 2.9% for subjects greater than or equal to 65 years. No overall differences in safety between geriatric and younger patients were observed in the risedronate trials, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
8.6 Renal Impairment
Risedronate is not recommended for use in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min) because of lack of clinical experience. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with a creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 30 mL/min.
8.7 Hepatic Impairment
No studies have been performed to assess risedronate’s safety or efficacy in patients with hepatic impairment. Risedronate is not metabolized in human liver preparations. Dosage adjustment is unlikely to be needed in patients with hepatic impairment.
10 OVERDOSAGE
Decreases in serum calcium and phosphorus following substantial overdose may be expected in some patients. Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia may also occur in some of these patients. Milk or antacids containing calcium should be given to bind risedronate and reduce absorption of the drug.
In cases of substantial overdose, gastric lavage may be considered to remove unabsorbed drug. Standard procedures that are effective for treating hypocalcemia, including the administration of calcium intravenously, would be expected to restore physiologic amounts of ionized calcium and to relieve signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia.
Lethality after single oral doses was seen in female rats at 903 mg/kg and male rats at 1703 mg/kg. The minimum lethal dose in mice and rabbits was 4000 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. These values represent 320 to 620 times the 30 mg human dose based on surface area (mg/m2). 
11 DESCRIPTION
Risedronate sodium tablets, USP are a pyridinyl bisphosphonate that inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and modulates bone metabolism. Each risedronate sodium tablet for oral administration contains the equivalent of 75 mg or 150 mg of anhydrous risedronate sodium in the form of the hemi-pentahydrate. The molecular formula for risedronate sodium hemi-pentahydrate is C7H10NO7P2Na • 2.5 H2O. The chemical name of risedronate sodium is Sodium trihydrogen [1-hydroxy-2-(3-pyridyl)ethylidene] diphosphonate. The chemical structure of risedronate sodium hemi-pentahydrate is the following:

Risedronate sodium, USP is a fine, white to off-white, odorless, crystalline powder. It is soluble in water and in aqueous solutions, and essentially insoluble in common organic solvents.
Inactive Ingredients: All dose strengths contain: colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, polydextrose, polyethylene glycol and titanium dioxide. Dose strength-specific ingredients include: 75 mg-red iron oxide and triacetin; 150 mg-FD&C Blue No. 2 Aluminum Lake and FD&C Yellow No. 6 Aluminum Lake.
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Risedronate has an affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals in bone and acts as an antiresorptive agent. At the cellular level, risedronate inhibits osteoclasts. The osteoclasts adhere normally to the bone surface, but show evidence of reduced active resorption (for example, lack of ruffled border). Histomorphometry in rats, dogs, and minipigs showed that risedronate treatment reduces bone turnover (activation frequency, that is, the rate at which bone remodeling sites are activated) and bone resorption at remodeling sites.
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
Risedronate treatment decreases the elevated rate of bone turnover that is typically seen in postmenopausal osteoporosis. In clinical trials, administration of risedronate to postmenopausal women resulted in decreases in biochemical markers of bone turnover, including urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine and urinary collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (markers of bone resorption) and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (a marker of bone formation). At the 5 mg dose, decreases in deoxypyridinoline/creatinine were evident within 14 days of treatment. Changes in bone formation markers were observed later than changes in resorption markers, as expected, due to the coupled nature of bone resorption and bone formation; decreases in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase of about 20% were evident within 3 months of treatment. Bone turnover markers reached a nadir of about 40% below baseline values by the sixth month of treatment and remained stable with continued treatment for up to 3 years. Bone turnover is decreased as early as 14 days and maximally within about 6 months of treatment, with achievement of a new steady-state that more nearly approximates the rate of bone turnover seen in premenopausal women. In a one-year study comparing daily versus weekly oral dosing regimens of risedronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, risedronate 5 mg daily and risedronate 35 mg once-a-week decreased urinary collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide by 60% and 61%, respectively. In addition, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was also reduced by 42% and 41% in the risedronate 5 mg daily and risedronate 35 mg once-a-week groups, respectively. When postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were treated for one year with risedronate 5 mg daily or risedronate 75 mg two consecutive days per month, urinary collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide was decreased by 54% and 52%, respectively, and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was reduced by 36% and 35%, respectively. In a one-year study comparing risedronate 5 mg daily versus risedronate 150 mg once-a-month in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, urinary collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide was decreased by 52% and 49%, respectively, and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was reduced by 31% and 32%, respectively.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Based on simultaneous modeling of serum and urine data, peak absorption after an oral dose is achieved at approximately one hour (Tmax) and occurs throughout the upper gastrointestinal tract. The fraction of the dose absorbed is independent of dose over the range studied (single dose, from 2.5 mg to 30 mg; multiple dose, from 2.5 mg to 5 mg). Steady-state conditions in the serum are observed within 57 days of daily dosing. Mean absolute oral bioavailability of the 30 mg tablet is 0.63% (90% CI: 0.54% to 0.75%) and is comparable to a solution.
Food Effect
The extent of absorption of a 30 mg dose (three 10 mg tablets) when administered 0.5 hours before breakfast is reduced by 55% compared to dosing in the fasting state (no food or drink for 10 hours prior to or 4 hours after dosing). Dosing one hour prior to breakfast reduces the extent of absorption by 30% compared to dosing in the fasting state. Dosing either 0.5 hours prior to breakfast or 2 hours after dinner (evening meal) results in a similar extent of absorption. Risedronate is effective when administered at least 30 minutes before breakfast.
Distribution
The mean steady-state volume of distribution for risedronate is 13.8 L/kg in humans. Human plasma protein binding of drug is about 24%. Preclinical studies in rats and dogs dosed intravenously with single doses of [14C] risedronate indicate that approximately 60% of the dose is distributed to bone. The remainder of the dose is excreted in the urine. After multiple oral dosing in rats, the uptake of risedronate in soft tissues was in the range of 0.001% to 0.01%.
Metabolism
There is no evidence of systemic metabolism of risedronate.
Excretion
In young healthy subjects, approximately half of the absorbed dose of risedronate was excreted in urine within 24 hours, and 85% of an intravenous dose was recovered in the urine over 28 days. Based on simultaneous modeling of serum and urine data, mean renal clearance was 105 mL/min (CV = 34%) and mean total clearance was 122 mL/min (CV = 19%), with the difference primarily reflecting nonrenal clearance or clearance due to adsorption to bone. The renal clearance is not concentration dependent, and there is a linear relationship between renal clearance and creatinine clearance. Unabsorbed drug is eliminated unchanged in feces. In osteopenic postmenopausal women, the terminal exponential half-life was 561 hours, mean renal clearance was 52 mL/min (CV = 25%) and mean total clearance was 73 mL/min (CV = 15%).
Specific Populations
Pediatric
Risedronate is not indicated for use in pediatric patients [see Pediatric Use (8.4)].
Gender
Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics following oral administration are similar in men and women.
Geriatric
Bioavailability and disposition are similar in elderly (greater than 60 years of age) and younger subjects. No dosage adjustment is necessary.
Race
Pharmacokinetic differences due to race have not been studied.
Renal Impairment
Risedronate is excreted unchanged primarily via the kidney. As compared to persons with normal renal function, the renal clearance of risedronate was decreased by about 70% in patients with creatinine clearance of approximately 30 mL/min. Risedronate is not recommended for use in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min) because of lack of clinical experience. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with a creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 30 mL/min.
Hepatic Impairment
No studies have been performed to assess risedronate’s safety or efficacy in patients with hepatic impairment. Risedronate is not metabolized in rat, dog, and human liver preparations. Insignificant amounts (less than 0.1% of intravenous dose) of drug are excreted in the bile in rats. Therefore, dosage adjustment is unlikely to be needed in patients with hepatic impairment.
Drug Interactions
No specific drug-drug interaction studies were performed. Risedronate is not metabolized and does not induce or inhibit hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes (Cytochrome P450) [see Drug Interactions (7)].
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenesis
In a 104-week carcinogenicity study, rats were administered daily oral doses up to approximately 8 times the maximum recommended human daily dose. There were no significant drug-induced tumor findings in male or female rats. The high dose male group was terminated early in the study (Week 93) due to excessive toxicity, and data from this group were not included in the statistical evaluation of the study results. In an 80-week carcinogenicity study, mice were administered daily oral doses approximately 6.5 times the human dose. There were no significant drug-induced tumor findings in male or female mice.
Mutagenesis
Risedronate did not exhibit genetic toxicity in the following assays: In vitro bacterial mutagenesis in Salmonella and E. coli (Ames assay), mammalian cell mutagenesis in CHO/HGPRT assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes and an assessment of chromosomal aberrations in vivo in rat bone marrow. Risedronate was positive in a chromosomal aberration assay in CHO cells at highly cytotoxic concentrations (greater than 675 mcg/mL, survival of 6% to 7%). When the assay was repeated at doses exhibiting appropriate cell survival (29%), there was no evidence of chromosomal damage.
Impairment of Fertility
In female rats, ovulation was inhibited at an oral dose approximately 5 times the human dose. Decreased implantation was noted in female rats treated with doses approximately 2.5 times the human dose. In male rats, testicular and epididymal atrophy and inflammation were noted at approximately 13 times the human dose. Testicular atrophy was also noted in male rats after 13 weeks of treatment at oral doses approximately 5 times the human dose. There was moderate-to-severe spermatid maturation block after 13 weeks in male dogs at an oral dose approximately 8 times the human dose. These findings tended to increase in severity with increased dose and exposure time.
Dosing multiples provided above are based on the recommended human dose of 30 mg/day and normalized using body surface area (mg/m2). Actual doses were 24 mg/kg/day in rats, 32 mg/kg/day in mice, and 8, 16 and 40 mg/kg/day in dogs.
13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology
Risedronate demonstrated potent anti-osteoclast, antiresorptive activity in ovariectomized rats and minipigs. Bone mass and biomechanical strength were increased dose-dependently at daily oral doses up to 4 and 25 times the human recommended oral dose of 5 mg for rats and minipigs, respectively. Risedronate treatment maintained the positive correlation between BMD and bone strength and did not have a negative effect on bone structure or mineralization. In intact dogs, risedronate induced positive bone balance at the level of the bone remodeling unit at oral doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 times the 5 mg/day human daily dose.
In dogs treated with an oral dose approximately 5 times the human daily dose, risedronate caused a delay in fracture healing of the radius. The observed delay in fracture healing is similar to other bisphosphonates. This effect did not occur at a dose approximately 0.5 times the human daily dose.
The Schenk rat assay, based on histologic examination of the epiphyses of growing rats after drug treatment, demonstrated that risedronate did not interfere with bone mineralization even at the highest dose tested, which was approximately 3500 times the lowest antiresorptive dose in this model (1.5 mcg/kg/day) and approximately 800 times the human daily dose of 5 mg. This indicates that risedronate administered at the therapeutic dose is unlikely to induce osteomalacia.
Dosing multiples provided above are based on the recommended human dose of 5 mg/day and normalized using body surface area (mg/m2).
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
14.1 Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
The fracture efficacy of risedronate 5 mg daily in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was demonstrated in two large, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies that enrolled a total of almost 4000 postmenopausal women under similar protocols. The Multinational study (VERT MN) (risedronate 5 mg, N = 408) was conducted primarily in Europe and Australia; a second study was conducted in North America (VERT NA) (risedronate 5 mg, N = 821). Patients were selected on the basis of radiographic evidence of previous vertebral fracture, and therefore, had established disease. The average number of prevalent vertebral fractures per patient at study entry was 4 in VERT MN, and 2.5 in VERT NA, with a broad range of baseline BMD levels. All patients in these studies received supplemental calcium 1000 mg/day. Patients with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels (approximately 40 nmol/L or less) also received supplemental vitamin D 500 international units/day.
Effect on Vertebral Fractures
Fractures of previously undeformed vertebrae (new fractures) and worsening of pre-existing vertebral fractures were diagnosed radiographically; some of these fractures were also associated with symptoms (that is, clinical fractures). Spinal radiographs were scheduled annually and prospectively planned analyses were based on the time to a patient’s first diagnosed fracture. The primary endpoint for these studies was the incidence of new and worsening vertebral fractures across the period of 0 to 3 years. Risedronate 5 mg daily significantly reduced the incidence of new and worsening vertebral fractures and of new vertebral fractures in both VERT NA and VERT MN at all time points (Table 1). The reduction in risk seen in the subgroup of patients who had two or more vertebral fractures at study entry was similar to that seen in the overall study population.
Table 1. The Effect of Risedronate on the Risk of Vertebral Fractures 

Proportion of Patients with Fracture (%)
VERT NA	Placebo N = 678	Risedronate 5 mg N = 696	Absolute Risk Reduction (%)	Relative Risk Reduction (%)
New and Worsening         0 to 1 Year        0 to 2 Years        0 to 3 Years	7.2 12.8 18.5	3.9 8 13.9	3.3 4.8 4.6	49 42 33
New       0 to 1 Year       0 to 2 Years       0 to 3 Years	6.4 11.7 16.3	2.4 5.8 11.3	4 5.9 5	65 55 41
VERT MN	Placebo N = 346	Risedronate 5 mg N = 344	Absolute Risk Reduction (%)	Relative Risk Reduction (%)
New and Worsening       0 to 1 Year       0 to 2 Years       0 to 3 Years	15.3 28.3 34	8.2 13.9 21.8	7.1 14.4 12.2	50 56 46
New       0 to 1 Year       0 to 2 Years       0 to 3 Years	13.3 24.7 29	5.6 11.6 18.1	7.7 13.1 10.9	61 59 49

Calculated by Kaplan-Meier methodology
Effect on Osteoporosis-Related Nonvertebral Fractures
In VERT MN and VERT NA, a prospectively planned efficacy endpoint was defined consisting of all radiographically confirmed fractures of skeletal sites accepted as associated with osteoporosis. Fractures at these sites were collectively referred to as osteoporosis-related nonvertebral fractures. Risedronate 5 mg daily significantly reduced the incidence of nonvertebral osteoporosis-related fractures over 3 years in VERT NA (8% versus 5%; relative risk reduction 39%) and reduced the fracture incidence in VERT MN from 16% to 11%. There was a significant reduction from 11% to 7% when the studies were combined, with a corresponding 36% reduction in relative risk. Figure 1 shows the overall results as well as the results at the individual skeletal sites for the combined studies.

Figure 1 Nonvertebral Osteoporosis-Related Fractures Cumulative Incidence Over 3 Years Combined VERT MN and VERT NA
Effect on Bone Mineral Density
The results of four randomized, placebo-controlled trials in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (VERT MN, VERT NA, BMD MN, BMD NA) demonstrate that risedronate 5 mg daily increases BMD at the spine, hip, and wrist compared to the effects seen with placebo. Table 2 displays the significant increases in BMD seen at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, femoral trochanter and midshaft radius in these trials compared to placebo. In both VERT studies (VERT MN and VERT NA), risedronate 5 mg daily produced increases in lumbar spine BMD that were progressive over the 3 years of treatment, and were statistically significant relative to baseline and to placebo at 6 months and at all later time points.
Table 2. Mean Percent Increase in BMD from Baseline in Patients Taking Risedronate 5 mg or Placebo at Endpoint* 

VERT MN†		VERT NA†		BMD MN‡		BMD NA‡
	Placebo	5 mg	Placebo	5 mg	Placebo	5 mg	Placebo	5 mg
	N = 323	N = 323	N = 599	N = 606	N = 161	N = 148	N = 191	N = 193
Lumbar Spine	1	6.6	0.8	5	0	4	0.2	4.8
Femoral Neck	-1.4	1.6	-1	1.4	-1.1	1.3	0.1	2.4
Femoral Trochanter	-1.9	3.9	-0.5	3	-0.6	2.5	1.3	4
Midshaft Radius	-1.5§	0.2§	-1.2§	0.1§	ND		ND

ND = analysis not done
* The endpoint value is the value at the study’s last time point for all patients who had BMD measured at that time; otherwise the last post-baseline BMD value prior to the study’s last time point is used.
The duration of the studies was 3 years.
The duration of the studies was 1.5 to 2 years.
BMD of the midshaft radius was measured in a subset of centers in VERT MN (placebo, N = 222; 5 mg, N = 214) and VERT NA (placebo, N = 310; 5 mg, N = 306). 
Risedronate 35 mg once-a-week (N = 485) was shown to be non-inferior to risedronate 5 mg daily (N = 480) in a one-year, double-blind, multicenter study of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. In the primary efficacy analysis of completers, the mean increases from baseline in lumbar spine BMD at one year were 4% (3.7, 4.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]) in the 5 mg daily group (N = 391) and 3.9% (3.6, 4.3; 95% CI) in the 35 mg once-a-week group (N = 387) and the mean difference between 5 mg daily and 35 mg once-a-week was 0.1% (-0.4, 0.6; 95% CI). The results of the intent-to-treat analysis with the last observation carried forward were consistent with the primary efficacy analysis of completers. The two treatment groups were also similar with regard to BMD increases at other skeletal sites.
In a double-blind, multicenter study of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, treatment with risedronate 75 mg two consecutive days per month (N = 616) was shown to be non-inferior to risedronate 5 mg daily (N = 613). In the primary efficacy analysis of completers, the mean increases from baseline in lumbar spine BMD at one year were 3.6% (3.3, 3.9; 95% CI) in the 5 mg daily group (N = 527) and 3.4% (3.1, 3.7; 95% CI) in the 75 mg two days per month group (N = 524) with a mean difference between groups being 0.2% (-0.2, 0.6; 95% CI). The results of the intent-to-treat analysis with the last observation carried forward were consistent with the primary efficacy analysis of completers. The two treatment groups were also similar with regard to BMD increases at other skeletal sites.
Risedronate 150 mg once-a-month (N = 650) was shown to be non-inferior to risedronate 5 mg daily (N = 642) in a one-year, double-blind, multicenter study of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The primary efficacy analysis was conducted in all randomized patients with baseline and post-baseline lumbar spine BMD values (modified intent-to-treat population) using last observation carried forward. The mean increases from baseline in lumbar spine BMD at one year were 3.4% (3, 3.8; 95% CI) in the 5 mg daily group (N = 561), and 3.5% (3.1, 3.9; 95% CI) in the 150 mg once-a-month group (N = 578) with a mean difference between groups being -0.1% (-0.5, 0.3; 95% CI). The results of the completers analysis were consistent with the primary efficacy analysis. The two treatment groups were also similar with regard to BMD increases at other skeletal sites.
Histology/Histomorphometry
Bone biopsies from 110 postmenopausal women were obtained at endpoint. Patients had received placebo or daily risedronate (2.5 mg or 5 mg) for 2 to 3 years. Histologic evaluation (N = 103) showed no osteomalacia, impaired bone mineralization, or other adverse effects on bone in risedronate-treated women. These findings demonstrate that bone formed during risedronate administration is of normal quality. The histomorphometric parameter mineralizing surface, an index of bone turnover, was assessed based upon baseline and post-treatment biopsy samples from 21 treated with placebo and 23 patients treated with risedronate 5 mg. Mineralizing surface decreased moderately in risedronate-treated patients (median percent change: placebo, -21%; risedronate 5 mg, -74%), consistent with the known effects of treatment on bone turnover.
Effect on Height
In the two 3-year osteoporosis treatment studies, standing height was measured yearly by stadiometer. Both risedronate and placebo-treated groups lost height during the studies. Patients who received risedronate had a statistically significantly smaller loss of height than those who received placebo. In VERT MN, the median annual height change was -2.4 mm/yr in the placebo group compared to -1.3 mm/yr in the risedronate 5 mg daily group. In VERT NA, the median annual height change was -1.1 mm/yr in the placebo group compared to -0.7 mm/yr in the risedronate 5 mg daily group.
14.2 Prevention of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
The safety and effectiveness of risedronate 5 mg daily for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis were demonstrated in a 2-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 383 postmenopausal women (age range 42 to 63 years) within 3 years of menopause (risedronate 5 mg, N = 129). All patients in this study received supplemental calcium 1000 mg/day. Increases in BMD were observed as early as 3 months following initiation of risedronate treatment. Risedronate 5 mg daily produced significant mean increases in BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and trochanter compared to placebo at the end of the study (Figure 2). Risedronate 5 mg daily was also effective in patients with lower baseline lumbar spine BMD (more than one SD below the premenopausal mean) and in those with normal baseline lumbar spine BMD. Bone mineral density at the distal radius decreased in both risedronate and placebo-treated women following one year of treatment.

Figure 2 Change in BMD from Baseline 2-Year Prevention Study
The safety and effectiveness of risedronate 35 mg once-a-week for the prevention postmenopausal osteoporosis were demonstrated in a one-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 278 patients (risedronate 35 mg, N = 136). All patients were supplemented with 1000 mg elemental calcium and 400 international units vitamin D per day. The primary efficacy measure was the percent change in lumbar spine BMD from baseline after one year of treatment using LOCF (last observation carried forward). Risedronate 35 mg once-a-week resulted in a statistically significant mean difference from placebo in lumbar spine BMD of + 2.9% (least square mean for placebo - 1.05%; risedronate + 1.83%). Risedronate 35 mg once-a-week also showed a statistically significant mean difference from placebo in BMD at the total proximal femur of + 1.5% (placebo - 0.53%; risedronate + 1.01%), femoral neck of + 1.2% (placebo - 1%; risedronate + 0.22%) and trochanter of + 1.8% (placebo - 0.74%; risedronate + 1.07%).
Combined Administration with Hormone Replacement Therapy
The effects of combining risedronate 5 mg daily with conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg daily (N = 263) were compared to the effects of conjugated estrogen alone (N = 261) in a one-year, randomized, double-blind study of women ages 37 to 82 years, who were on average 14 years postmenopausal. The BMD results for this study are presented in Table 3.
Table 3. Percent Change from Baseline in BMD After One Year of Treatment

Estrogen 0.625 mg N = 261	Risedronate 5 mg + Estrogen 0.625 mg N = 263
Lumbar Spine Femoral Neck Femoral Trochanter Midshaft Radius Distal Radius	4.6 ± 0.20 1.8 ± 0.25 3.2 ± 0.28 0.4 ± 0.14 1.7 ± 0.24	5.2 ± 0.23 2.7 ± 0.25 3.7 ± 0.25 0.7 ± 0.17 1.6 ± 0.28
Values shown are mean (± SEM) percent change from baseline

Histology/Histomorphometry
Bone biopsies from 53 postmenopausal women were obtained at endpoint. Patients had received risedronate 5 mg plus estrogen or estrogen-alone once daily for one year. Histologic evaluation (N = 47) demonstrated that the bone of patients treated with risedronate plus estrogen was of normal lamellar structure and normal mineralization. The histomorphometric parameter mineralizing surface, a measure of bone turnover, was assessed based upon baseline and post-treatment biopsy samples from 12 patients treated with risedronate plus estrogen and 12 treated with estrogen-alone. Mineralizing surface decreased in both treatment groups (median percent change: risedronate plus estrogen, -79%; estrogen-alone, -50%), consistent with the known effects of these agents on bone turnover.
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
Risedronate Sodium Tablets, USP are available containing 75 mg or 150 mg risedronate sodium, USP.
The 75 mg tablets are pink film-coated, round, unscored tablets debossed with M on one side of the tablet and 727 on the other side. They are available as follows:
NDC 0378-4727-90
unit of use blister card containing 2 tablets
NDC 0378-4727-94
carton of 10 cards each containing 2 tablets
The 150 mg tablets are light blue film-coated, round, unscored tablets debossed with M over RE on one side of the tablet and 150 on the other side. They are available as follows:
NDC 0378-4150-32
unit of use blister card containing 1 tablet
NDC 0378-4150-97
carton of 10 cards each containing 1 tablet
NDC 0378-4150-53
unit of use blister card containing 3 tablets
NDC 0378-4150-93
carton of 10 cards each containing 3 tablets
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP using a child-resistant closure.
PHARMACIST: Dispense a Medication Guide with each prescription.
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
See FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).
Instruct patients to read the Medication Guide before starting therapy with risedronate sodium tablets and to re-read it each time the prescription is renewed.
Instruct patients that risedronate sodium delayed-release tablets and risedronate sodium tablets contain the same active ingredient and if they are taking risedronate sodium delayed-release tablets, they should not take risedronate sodium tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Instruct patients to pay particular attention to the dosing instructions as clinical benefits may be compromised by failure to take the drug according to instructions. Specifically, risedronate sodium tablets should be taken at least 30 minutes before the first food or drink of the day other than water.
Instruct patients to take risedronate sodium tablets while in an upright position (sitting or standing) with a full glass of plain water (6 to 8 ounces) to facilitate delivery to the stomach, and thus reduce the potential for esophageal irritation.
Instruct patients not to lie down for 30 minutes after taking the medication [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Instruct patients not to chew or suck on the tablet because of a potential for oropharyngeal irritation.
Instruct patients that if they develop symptoms of esophageal disease (such as difficulty or pain upon swallowing, retrosternal pain or severe persistent or worsening heartburn) they should consult their physician before continuing risedronate sodium tablets.
Instruct patients about missing risedronate sodium tablet doses as follows:
• If one or both tablets of risedronate sodium 75 mg on two consecutive days per month are missed, and the next month’s scheduled doses are more than 7 days away, the patient should be instructed as follows:
• If both tablets are missed, take one risedronate sodium 75 mg tablet in the morning after the day it is remembered and then the other tablet on the next consecutive morning.
• If only one risedronate sodium 75 mg tablet is missed, take the missed tablet in the morning after the day it is remembered.
• Patients should then return to taking their risedronate sodium 75 mg tablets on two consecutive days per month as originally scheduled. Patients should not take more than two 75 mg tablets within 7 days.
• If one or both tablets of risedronate sodium 75 mg on two consecutive days per month are missed, and the next month's scheduled doses are within 7 days, patients should wait until their next month’s scheduled doses and then continue taking risedronate sodium 75 mg tablets on two consecutive days per month as originally scheduled.
• If the dose of risedronate sodium 150 mg once-a-month is missed, and the next month’s scheduled dose is more than 7 days away, the patient should be instructed to take the missed tablet in the morning after the day it is remembered. Patients should then return to taking their risedronate sodium 150 mg tablet once-a-month as originally scheduled. Patients should not take more than one 150 mg tablet within 7 days.
• If the dose of risedronate sodium 150 mg once-a-month is missed, and the next month's scheduled dose is within 7 days, patients should wait until their next month’s scheduled dose and then continue taking risedronate sodium 150 mg tablet once-a-month as originally scheduled.
Instruct patients to take supplemental calcium and vitamin D if dietary intake is inadequate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. Weight-bearing exercise should be considered along with the modification of certain behavioral factors, such as excessive cigarette smoking, and/or alcohol consumption, if these factors exist.
Instruct patients to take calcium supplements or calcium-, aluminum-, and magnesium-containing medications at a different time of the day than risedronate sodium tablets as these medications may interfere with the absorption of risedronate sodium tablets.
Remind patients to give all of their healthcare providers an accurate medication history. Instruct patients to tell all of their healthcare providers that they are taking risedronate sodium tablets. Patients should be instructed that any time they have a medical problem they think may be from risedronate sodium tablets, they should talk to their doctor.