全世界超过3000万人受“老年性黄斑退化症”(AMD)影响,这是老年人致盲的主要原因。这种疾病的新生血管致盲形式的标准治疗方法是采用抗VEGF药物——主要是“雷珠单抗”和“贝伐珠单抗”,但它们只能让1/3的患者改善视力,而且人们对可能产生的毒性也有担心,因为VEGF在正常视网膜功能中发挥重要作用。现在,研究人员发现,细胞因子受体CCR3在一个小鼠模型中是一种早期检测标记物。该发现使早期诊断具有了可能性,这对提高临床效果将是一个重要贡献。另外,以CCR3或其配体(它们抑制新血管对视网膜的入侵)为治疗目标,可能是另一种安全的治疗方案。
英国推荐雷珠单抗注射液治黄斑变性
近日,英国国家卫生和临床医疗优选研究所推荐Lucentis(雷珠单抗注射液)作为治疗所有湿性老年黄斑变性(AMD)的有效方法,湿性老年黄斑变性是50岁以上人群主要致盲原因。
诺丁汉大学医学院眼科副教授Winfried Amoaku说:“湿性AMD是一种退行性病变,它能导致患者视力迅速下降,患者会因此丧失自理能力,生活质量也会因此下降。Lucentis能帮助那些有维护或改善视力需求的患者。”
Lucentis是专门针对眼科疾病研制的药物,是唯一获得批准的能提高绝大多数湿性老年黄斑变性患者的视力和视力相关功能的治疗药物。7000多名患者参与的临床实验表明,接受Lucentis治疗的患者比未接受治疗的患者视力提高4行(21个字母),这种状况可稳定2年。 (摘自《 健康报》 新文)
ABOUT LUCENTIS
About LUCENTIS® (ranibizumab injection)
LUCENTIS is an FDA-approved treatment for wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). LUCENTIS is an injection given into the eye. Before you get your LUCENTIS injection, your eye will be prepped—or cleaned thoroughly—to help you avoid eye infections. Then your retina specialist will numb your eye to limit any discomfort you might feel. Many people who get injections for wet AMD feel some pressure on their eye. Most of the time this pressure is all you will feel. After your retina specialist gives you the injection, the pressure should go away.
Important facts about LUCENTIS:
- It is FDA approved for wet AMD and was developed specifically for use in the eye
- Efficacy and safety of LUCENTIS was tested in clinical studies of more than 800 people over 2 years
- In clinical studies, patients treated monthly for up to 2 years saw their vision stabilize or improve. In fact, 9 out of 10 people saw their vision stabilize (which means they lost fewer than 15 letters on the eye chart), and up to 4 out of 10 people saw a 3-line gain on the eye chart (which means they could see an additional 15 letters)
What could LUCENTIS mean for you?
You may be able to improve or maintain your vision—and keep doing the simple things you enjoy. Remember, wet AMD is a chronic condition and there is no cure. But it can be managed with regular treatment with LUCENTIS.
LUCENTIS® (ranibizumab injection) is a prescription medicine for the treatment of patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
What important safety information should I know about LUCENTIS?
Like any prescription medication, LUCENTIS is not for everyone. You should not use LUCENTIS if you have an infection in or around the eye.
Like other injections given into the eye, serious eye infection (endophthalmitis) and detached retina have occurred with LUCENTIS. Increases in eye pressure have been seen within 1 hour of an injection. Your eye doctor should monitor your eye pressure and eye health during the week after the injection.
If your eye becomes red, sensitive to light, painful, or has a change in vision, you should seek immediate care from your eye doctor.
Although uncommon, conditions associated with eye- and non-eye-related blood clots (arterial thromboembolic events) may occur.
Serious side effects related to the injection procedure were rare. These included serious eye infection, detached retina, and cataract. Other uncommon serious side effects included inflammation inside the eye and increased eye pressure.
The most common eye-related side effects were red eye, eye pain, small specks in vision, the feeling that something is in your eye, and increased tears. The most common non-eye-related side effects were nose and throat infection, headache, and respiratory and urinary tract infections.
LUCENTIS is for prescription use only. Individual results with LUCENTIS may vary.
贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)是一种针对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的149KD的重组人单克隆IgG1抗体,由93%人源和7%的鼠源部分组成。贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)能选择性地抑制血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),从而阻止血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)R一1、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)R-2受体结合而激活下游信号,抑制新生血管形成。
血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是体内一种强效力的促血管生成因子,能直接或间接参与血管生成,在各种肿瘤包括肝癌的发生、发展及预后中具有极其重要的地位,与肝癌合并门静脉癌栓、肿瘤大小和TNM分期密切相关,血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)过表达的肝癌患者有更差的生存和预后。血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)参与调节的肿瘤血管新生对于肿瘤的生长和转移都是必须的,抑制这个过程就可抑制肿瘤的生长,因此针对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的抗血管生成治疗是肝癌分子靶向治疗的一个重要方向。临床前动物模型证实贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)能直接抑制血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),抑制鼠移植人类肿瘤生长,减少肿瘤的大小和数目;而且联合应用化疗要比单用化疗或单用抗体效果更好。
Schwa~z等在2005年ASCO上报告了一项贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)单药治疗晚期HCC的临床研究,入组13例晚期肝癌患者接受贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)单药治疗(5mg/kg或10mg/kg,每2周重复);结果有2例PR,9例患者SD超过4个月,其中1例患者SD时间维持了12.7月,研究结果表明显贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)能明显控制肝癌生长,并且耐受较好。
Malka等/在2007年的ASCO上也报告了一项Ⅱ期临床研究,该研究主要的排除标准是Child—Pugh评分超过7分、6个月内有过血栓病史、合并抗凝或抗血小板治疗和重度食管静脉曲张;总共入组3O例晚期肝癌患者,其中男性27例,中位年龄65岁,其中2O例患者病理证实合并有肝硬化,中位治疗周期是6个;最初23例患者按5mg/kg的剂量用药,有12例在16周后PD,后7例患者按10mg/kg用药;有6例患者中断用药,其中3例是因为食管曲张静脉出血,另3例分别是因为3度的血性腹水、蛋白尿和短暂性脑缺血发作;1—2度的不良反应主要有高血压、蛋白尿、鼻出血和乏力;24例可评估的患者中,3例(12.5%)PR,13例(54%)SD(其中7例SD超过16周),DCR为67%;研究还通过流式细胞仪测定循环内皮细胞的数量,以明确其对治疗的预测价值,初步结果令人鼓舞。贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)联合化疗也是目前的研究热点。
Zhu等于2006年在JCO杂志上报告了的一项GE—MOX—B方案治疗晚期肝癌Ⅱ期临床研究,具体用药:第一个周期为14天,单独给予贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)10mg/kg,以后每个周期为28天,贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)10mg/kg在第1、15天给药,GEM1000mg/Ill,按10mg/(in·min)的固定速率,在第2、16天给药,L—OHP85mg/in,同样在第2、16天给药。总共入组了33例患者,其中30例可评价疗效,RR为20%,SD为27%;MST为9.6个月,中位PFS为5.3个月,3个月与6个月时的PFS分别为70%与48%。3/4度不良反应主要为疲乏、高血压、白细胞/粒细胞减少及一过性转氨酶升高。作者认为该方案有一定的抗肿瘤活性,6个月的PFS率较高,值得进一步的研究。
Sun采用XELOX方案联合贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)治疗进展期肝癌,具体用法:贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)5mg/kg第1天,L-OHP130mg/m第1天,Xeloda825me,/m,每天2次口服,第1~14天,每21天重复。主要终点是无进展生存率,次要终点包括RR、生存期和不良反应。人组30例患者,中位年龄为57岁,平均治疗8个周期;在可评价的患者中,3例PR,21例SD,总DCR达到89%,平均PFS为5.4个月,3个月和6个月的PFS率分别为70%和40%。在不良反应方面,有33%的2/3度与L—OHP相关的外周神经毒性,11%与Xeloda相关的2/3度手足综合症,1例患者在第1次接受贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)和L—OHP治疗后出现胃肠穿孔和脓毒败血症,2例患者治疗中出现食管曲张静脉出血(可能与本身疾病相关)。
Hsu等报道了一项Xeloda联合贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)一线治疗晚期肝癌的Ⅱ临床研究,具体用药是:Xeloda800mg/m,每天2次口服,第1~14天;贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)7.5mg/kg第1天,每3周重复。研究的主要终点是RR率(按RECIST标准),次要终点是DCR、PFS、OS和安全性。共人组45例患者,中位治疗周期数是5个,结果:RR为16%,DCR达到60%,中位OS为10.7个月,中位PFS是4.1个月,3个月和6个月的无进展生存率分别是64%和34%。最常见的3度不良反应包括2例手足综合症,1例指甲改变,1例腹泻,1例胃溃疡出血和1例消化道反应。可以看到,这两个联合方案对难治的肝癌同样有效性较好,可以良好耐受,值得进一步观察。
贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)联合厄洛替尼治疗肝癌也表现出了良好的生物学活性。Thomas等开展了这两种药物治疗晚期肝癌的开放性Ⅱ期临床研究,贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)10mg/kg,ql4d应用联合厄洛替尼150mg口服,qd,直至病情进展或出现不可耐受的不良反应,并按RECIST标准评价疗效。目前已经人组了29例晚期肝癌,在27例可评价的患者中,1例经确认为CR,5例PR(其中4例经确认),RR为22%,9例患者SD超过16周;研究还在继续进行中,初步的结果显示出了良好的抗肿瘤活性。