艾曲波帕是首个FDA获准治疗成人慢性ITP患者的口服非肽类血小板生成素受体激动剂,用于治疗经糖皮质激素类药物、免疫球蛋白治疗无效或脾切除术后慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者的血小板减少。 美国FDA批准葛兰素史克公司的艾曲波帕片(Promacta)上市,用于治疗经糖皮质激素类药物、免疫球蛋白治疗无效或脾切除术后慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者的血小板减少。 艾曲波帕是首个获准治疗成人慢性ITP患者的口服非肽类血小板生成素受体激动剂,临床前和临床研究显示刺激艾曲波帕可升高血小板的骨髓巨核细胞的增生和分化。 对慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者随机临床研究的大量数据支持了艾曲波帕的新药申请获准。此适应证是基于2项关键的短期治疗和1项正在进行长期治疗ITP患者的临床研究数据。防止血小板被破坏一直是治疗ITP患者的主要方法。艾曲波帕临床研究的新进展显示,增加血小板的产生来治疗此种疾病也起着重要作用。 本品还正在进行治疗丙型肝炎病毒、慢性肝病引起的血小板减少症和肿瘤相关的血小板减少症的研究。 慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)是一种自身免疫性疾病,由致血小板减少的一种自身免疫反应引起,其特征是血小板数降低,其患者面临出血高风险,往往导致患者小血管出血,症状为淤青、鼻出血和牙龈出血,严重者可出现致命性胃肠道和脑内出血。据统计,在美国,确诊为慢性ITP的患者达20万之多。目前治疗ITP的主要手段是使用免疫抑制类药物,如皮质类固醇、静注免疫球蛋白、抗D免疫球蛋白和Genentech公司产品利妥昔单抗(Rituxan),而对严重衰竭性病人的最后一着则是行脾切除术。其中大多数治疗药物未曾经历随机安慰剂对照临床试验的考察,虽对不同患者群均有效,但同时也会产生严重毒副作用,其作用机制是阻止血小板破坏,而非促进血小板产生。 由葛兰素史克(GSK)公司开发的小分子血小板生成素受体激动剂eltrombopag ( Promacta/Revolade)则为一种治疗慢性ITP的口服新药,其作用机制与Amgen公司开发的同类产品romiplostim(即Nplate,已在欧美、澳大利亚和加拿大报批) 相似, 即促进血小板产生, 但eltrombopag是通过结合于血小板生成素受体跨膜区及刺激巨核细胞(一种骨髓细胞,可产生血小板)增殖和分化而发挥作用,为每日1次口服产品;后者却是一种血小板生成刺激型Fc肽融合蛋白,靶向血小板生成素受体的天然结合域,通过激活补体而起作用,为1周1次皮下注射用产品。血小板生成素受体为骨髓细胞的生长和成熟所必需,对血小板数的增加起着极为重要的作用。一般认为,血小板数低于5万/μL时具出血高风险, 正常的血小板数应为15万/μL~40万/μL。 在一项为期6 周的安慰剂对照Ⅲ期临床试验中, 144名先前曾至少接受过一种疗法治疗(约75%和40%接受过糖皮质类固醇和脾切除术治疗, 51%接受过3种或以上疗法治疗)、血小板数低于3万/μL的ITP患者分别接受eltrombopag 50 ~75 mg/d和安慰剂治疗,且依据WHO划分的出血等级,即按出血严重程度从0 级(无出血)到4 级(衰竭性失血),对受试者每周进行评价。结果显示,本品组和安慰剂组中分别有59%和16%的受试者达到主要终点指标的预期,即6周后血小板数等于或超过5万/μL;本品组的出血事件发生率明显低于安慰剂组,两组的临床显著出血( 2 ~4 级)发生率分别为16%和36%( P = 01029) ;两组常见不良反应为头痛、恶心、鼻咽炎和腹泻,其中头痛发生率相似。 另一项涉及血小板数低于3 万/μL 的118 名ITP患者、为期6周的安慰剂对照Ⅱ期临床试验也显示,本品30、50和75mg剂量组中分别有28%、70%和81%的受试者达到同上的主要终点指标预期,而安慰剂组的此疗效率仅为11% ( P < 0. 001);本品3个剂量组和安慰剂组中分别有14%、37%、50%和4%的受试者血样中血小板数超过20万/μL。 PROMACTAIndication(s):Thrombocytopenia due to chronic immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in adults who have had an insufficient response to corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, or splenectomy. Pharmacology:Eltrombopag is an orally active thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes from bone marrow progenitor cells. It works by interacting with the thrombopoietin receptor to cause increased platelet production. Clinical Trials:Two studies were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of eltrombopag in treating chronic ITP. Patients who had completed at least one prior ITP therapy and who had a platelet count of <30x109/L were randomized to either eltrombopag or placebo daily for up to 6 weeks, then 6 weeks off therapy. The primary endpoint was the response rate, defined as a shift from baseline platelet count to ≥50x109/L at any time during treatment. The groups given eltrombopag 50mg/day had response rates of 59% and 70% in Studies 1 and 2, respectively; for those given placebo, the rates were 16% and 11%. Legal Classification:Rx Adults:Take on empty stomach. Initially 50mg once daily. Moderate to severe hepatic impairment or East Asian ancestry: initially 25mg once daily. Titrate to maintain platelet count ≥50x109/L; max 75mg once daily. Adjust dose based on platelet count: see literature. Children:Not recommended. Warnings/Precautions:Monitor CBC, platelet count, and peripheral blood smears for cytopenias and abnormal morphologies; discontinue if no increase in platelet count occurs after 4 weeks at max dose, or if excessive increase in platelet count occurs (eg, >400x109/L), or if evidence of bone marrow fibrosis occurs (eg, cytopenias, nucleated RBCs). Monitor liver function closely before, during, and after treatment (see literature); discontinue if ALT >3xULN and is progressive or persistent for ≥4 weeks, or if it occurs with evidence of hepatic injury; reinitiation of therapy: not recommended; if restarted, use lower dose and monitor carefully. Do baseline eye exam; monitor for cataracts. Thromboembolism risk factors. Myelodysplastic syndromes. Renal impairment. Pregnancy (Cat.C). Nursing mothers: not recommended. Interaction(s):Do not take within 4 hours of food/drugs containing polyvalent cations (eg, Fe+2, Ca+2, Al+2, Mg+2, Se+2, Zn+2). May potentiate substrates of organic anion transporter polypeptide 1B1 (eg, benzylpenicillin, most statins, methotrexate, nateglinide, repaglinide, rifampin); monitor and consider reducing their doses. May be potentiated by strong inhibitors of CYP1A2 (eg, ciprofloxacin, fluvoxamine) or CYP2C8 (eg, gemfibrozil, trimethoprim), and with moderate or strong inhibitors of UGT1A1 or UGT1A3. Adverse Reaction(s):Nausea, vomiting, menorrhagia, myalgia, paresthesia, cataract, ecchymosis, thrombocytopenia, increased ALT/AST, conjunctival hemorrhage, increased risk of hematologic malignancies; thrombotic events with excessive increases in platelet counts; worsened thrombocytopenia after discontinuation. Notes:Physicians, pharmacies, and patients must enroll in Promacta Cares program. Register pregnant patients taking eltrombopag by calling (888) 825-5249. How Supplied:Tabs—30 Last Updated:1/21/2009 |
艾曲波帕片eltrombopag-治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜获FDA批准上市简介:
艾曲波帕是首个FDA获准治疗成人慢性ITP患者的口服非肽类血小板生成素受体激动剂,用于治疗经糖皮质激素类药物、免疫球蛋白治疗无效或脾切除术后慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者的血小板减少。
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