药品名称

药物名称：枸橼酸氯米芬
英文名：Clomiphene
别名：克罗米酚;氯底胺;氯底酚;枸橼酸氯米芬
适应症

主要用于治疗避孕药引起的闭经；对黄体功能不全、多囊卵巢、无排卵型出血、功能性闭经、月经紊乱、不孕症、乳腺囊性增大、泌乳综合症等也有一定的疗效。由于少精症或因精索静脉曲张引起的精液质量改变而发生的男性不育症也有效，在精索静脉手术１年后仍不生育者，则可用本品。服用后能增加血清卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素和睾丸酮的水平，增加精子数和增强精子活力。可用于治疗乳腺癌，利用其较强的抗雌激素作用，抑制乳癌的发展。
用法用量

口服：自月经周期第５日开始（无月经者任何一日开始），０．０５ｇ／（次•日），连服５日，３个月为１疗程，每日剂量不宜超过０．１ｇ。治疗中有宫颈粘液不正常者，于排卵前补充小剂量雌激素，闭经者可在撤退性出血之第４、５日加用黄体酮。治疗男性不育症：每日２５ｍｇ，连服２５日，停５日为１疗程，连用数疗程直至精子数正常为止（注意：大剂量抑制精子生成）。
任何疑问，请遵医嘱！
注意事项

可有面部潮红、恶心、头晕、失眠、乏力、乳房胀痛、腹胀、皮疹、肝功能障碍、神经过敏、脱发、卵巢肿大等。肝病、肾病、卵巢囊肿及其它妇科肿瘤患者忌用；子宫不正常者慎用。
规格

片剂：０．０５ｇ。

英文药名: Clomid (Clomiphene Tablets)

中文药名: 克罗米酚片

生产厂家: Aventis

Clomiphene Citrate - Clomid [Clomiphene Citrate] Information

While it has been claimed that Clomid "stimulates" production of LH and therefore of testosterone , in fact Clomid's activity is achieved not by stimulation of the hypothalamus and pituitary, but by blocking their inhibition by estrogen .

Clomid is a mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist (activator/blocker) which, when bound to the estrogen receptor, puts it in a somewhat different conformation (shape) than does estradiol. The estrogen receptor requires binding of an estrogen or drug at its binding site and also the binding of any of several cofactors at different sites. Without the binding of the cofactor, the estrogen receptor is inactive. Different tissues use different cofactors. Some of these cofactors are able to bind to the estrogen receptor/Clomid complex, but others are blocked due to the change in shape. The result is that in some tissues Clomid acts as an antagonist - the cofactor used in that tissue cannot bind and so the receptor remains inactive - and in others Clomid acts as an agonist (activator), because the cofactors used in that tissue are able to bind.

Clomid is an effective antagonist in the hypothalamus and in breast tissue. It is an effective agonist in bone tissue, and for improving blood cholesterol.

Clomid also has the property of reducing the adverse effect of exercise-induced damage of muscle tissue . This is very significant for endurance athletes but is not very significant, if at all significant, with reasonable weight training. Clomid does not perceptibly affect gains of the weight trainer either favorably or adversely in my experience.

Women and Clomid

The drug seems to have estrogenic effects on mood, which can be beneficial (improving relationships with women by improving empathy) or can yield depression or PMS-like symptoms, but for most users there is no significant effect either way.

The claim that duration of intake should not exceed 10-14 days is incorrect. Clinical studies with male patients have been for periods of a year or longer. This error probably originates from the fact that, for use in women, due to the menstrual cycle there would obviously be no point in trying to stimulate ovulation all four weeks of the month. Thus, use in women is limited to 10-14 days. That limitation is not because of toxicity.

Clomid is in fact useful throughout a cycle if aromatizable drugs are being used. We do think however that to be conservative, one should use it no more than 2/3 of the time throughout the year or a little less.

Clomid Usage

Average dose is 1 tablet a day.