药品名称
【别名】阿莫西林、阿莫灵、阿莫仙、阿莫新、新达贝宁、阿摩西林、安福喜、奥纳欣、弗莱莫星、酚塔西林、广林、奈他美、羟氨苄青霉素、强必林、强力阿莫仙、特力士、益萨林、氧他西林、再林、再灵。
【外文名】Amoxicillin、Amolin、Amolin Bristamox、Amoxa、Amoxicilline、Amoxicillinum、Amoxicllin、Amoxil、Amoxipen、Amoxycillin、BRL-2333、Bristamox、Clamoxil、Clamoxyl、Daxipen、Flemoxin、Larocin、Natamox、Oxetacillin
【药理作用】
阿莫西林为半合成广谱青霉素类药，抗菌谱及抗菌活性与氨苄西林基本相同，但其耐酸性较氨苄西林强，其杀菌作用优于氨苄西林，但不能用于脑膜炎的治疗。半衰期约为61.3分钟。
阿莫西林杀菌作用强，穿透细胞壁的能力也强。口服后药物分子中的内酰胺基立即水解生成肽键，迅速和菌体内的转肽酶结合使之失活，切断了菌体依靠转肽酶合成糖肽用来建造细胞壁的唯一途径，使细菌细胞迅速成为球形体而破裂溶解，菌体终于因细胞壁损水份不断渗透而胀裂死亡。对大多数致病的G+菌和G-菌(包括球菌和杆菌)均有强大的抑菌和杀菌作用。其中对溶血性链球菌，布氏杆菌，沙门氏菌和肠球菌等中度或轻度敏感。血液透析能清除部分药物，但腹膜透析无清除本品的作用。
敏感菌：链球菌A、B、C、F、G和非分组型、单核细胞增多性李斯特菌、白喉杆菌、奈瑟脑膜炎双球菌、百日咳杆菌、产气荚膜杆菌属、丙酸杆菌、消化链球菌、牛链球菌、沙门菌、真细菌属、放线菌、钩端螺旋体、梅毒螺旋体。
不稳定性敏感菌：青霉素敏感性或耐药性肺炎球菌、肠粪链球菌、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、志贺菌、霍乱弧菌、流感嗜血菌、淋病奈瑟球菌、梭状杆菌。
耐药菌：葡萄球菌、卡他菌属、产酸克雷白杆菌、肺炎克雷白杆菌、普通变形杆菌、假单孢菌属、不动杆菌、弯曲杆菌、韦荣球菌、支原体、立克次体、军团菌属、分歧杆菌、脆弱杆菌。
【适应症】
用以治疗伤寒、其他沙门菌感染和伤寒带菌者，敏感细菌所致的尿路感染及肺炎球菌、不产青霉素酶金葡菌、溶血性链球菌和流感杆菌所致的耳、鼻、喉感染和软组织感染等。
【禁忌】
青霉素过敏及青霉素皮肤试验阳性患者禁用。
【不良反应
临床应用阿莫西林的不良反应发生率约为5-6%，因反应而停药者约2%。其主要不良反应有：
1.过敏反应症状
可出现药物热、荨麻疹、皮疹等，尤易发生于传染性单核细胞增多症者。少见过敏性休克。
2.消化系统症状
多见腹泻、恶心、呕吐等症状，偶见假膜性结肠炎。
3.血液系统症状
偶见嗜酸粒细胞增多、白细胞减少、血小板减少、贫血等。
4.皮肤粘膜反应
偶见斑丘疹、渗出性多形性红斑、Lyell综合征、剥脱性皮炎。
5.肝、肾功能紊乱
少数患者用药后偶见血清转氨酶升高、急性间质性肾炎。
6.其它
长期使用本药可出现由念珠菌或耐药菌引起的二重感染。
7.静脉注射量大时可见惊厥、嗜酸性粒细胞增多。
【注意事项】
1.对一种青霉素过敏者可能对其它青霉素过敏，也可能对青霉胺或头孢菌素过敏，用药前必须做青霉素皮肤试验，阳性者禁用。
2.对此药或其它青霉素类药物过敏的患者；传染性单核细胞增多症、淋巴细胞性白血病、巨细胞病毒感染、淋巴瘤等患者禁用。
3.对头孢菌素类药过敏者；本品可经乳汁排出，乳母使用本品后可使婴儿致敏，哺乳期妇女；哮喘、湿疹、枯草热、荨麻疹等过敏性疾病史者；疱疹病毒感染者，尤其是传染性单核细胞增多症患者(可增强皮肤不良反应的危险性)；应慎用。晚期妊娠孕妇应用后，可使血浆中结合的雌激素浓度减少，但对游离的雌激素和孕激素无影响。
4.用含硫酸铜的片状试剂(R)、费林溶液测定尿糖时可能会导致假阳性反应 ；少数患者用药后可出现血清转氨酶升高、嗜酸粒细胞增多和白细胞减少。
【药物相互作用】
1.丙磺舒可延缓阿莫西林经肾排泄，延长其血清半衰期，因而使本品的血药浓度升高。
2.阿莫西林与氨基糖苷类药合用时，在亚抑菌浓度时可增强阿莫西林对粪链球菌体外杀菌作用。
3.阿莫西林与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂如克拉维酸合用时，抗菌作用明显增强。克拉维酸不仅可以不同程度地增强产β-内酰胺酶菌株对阿莫西林的敏感性，还可增强阿莫西林对某些非敏感菌株的作用，这些菌株包括拟杆菌、军团菌、诺卡菌和假鼻疽杆菌。
4.阿莫西林与避孕药合用时，可干扰避孕药的肠肝循环，从而降低其药效。
5.别嘌呤类尿酸合成抑制剂可增加阿莫西林发生皮肤不良反应的危险性。
6.阿莫西林与氨甲蝶呤合用时，本品可使氨甲蝶呤肾廓清率降低，从而增加氨甲蝶呤毒性。
7.食物可延迟阿莫西林的吸收，但食物并不明显降低药物吸收的总量。
【原产地英文商品名】FLUCLOXIN CAPSULE 500mg/cap 500caps/box
【原产地英文药品名】AMOXICILLIN
【中文参考商品译名】
注：以下产品不同的规格和不同的价格，购买时请咨询为准
·福祿可樂胶囊 500毫克/胶囊 500胶囊/盒（产地：欧洲共同体国家）
·福祿可樂胶囊 500毫克/胶囊 500胶囊/盒（产地：新西兰）
·福祿可樂胶囊 250毫克/胶囊 500胶囊/盒（产地：新西兰）
·福祿可樂胶囊 250毫克/胶囊 500胶囊/盒（产地：澳大利亚）
【中文参考药品译名】阿莫西林
Amoxicillin Information
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the class of drugs called penicillin. As what antibiotics are known for, amoxicillin fights bacteria in the body.
Amoxicillin Indications
Amoxicillin is an effective treatment for infections. It is prescribed to kill the bacteria that cause infection. Some of the diseases cured by Amoxicillin include tonsillitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, ear infections, gonorrhea, infections of the skin and urinary tract infections.
Amoxicillin may also be used for other purposes aside from the one listed.
Amoxicillin Warnings
Amoxicillin can cause stomach upsets, it is not advisable to take amoxicillin on an empty stomach. If you experience severe diarrhea or bloody stools while on amoxicillin medication, immediately cease usage and ask for your doctor’s advice.
Every single tablet or capsule of amoxicillin prescribed by your doctor should be taken even if the symptoms of your illness have abated or even if you begin to feel better.
Never Amoxicillin if you have known allergies to penicillin or to cephalosporin. Consult your doctor first before taking any amoxicillin.
Amoxicillin does not also work well in patients with kidney problems, as well as on patients with stomach and intestinal disorders.
Amoxicillin, even if it is a stomach irritant, it is not harmful to pregnant women. Amoxicillin belongs to drugs in the pregnancy category B. Therefore, they are not considered harmful to the mother or to the unborn fetus.
However, Amoxicillin passes into the breast milk of nursing mothers and the infant receiving the milk may be prone to yeast infection, diarrhea and other allergic reactions. If you are nursing or breastfeeding a baby, consult your doctor before proceeding on taking amoxicillin.
Amoxicillin Intake Guidelines
Amoxicillin should be taken exactly as your doctor prescribed the intake. Never deviate from your doctor’s instructions.
The intake of Amoxicillin must be at a regular time interval. This is to maintain the level of amoxicillin in the blood so that the infection could be treated faster and better.
A full glass of water should be used to down the amoxicillin tablet or capsule into your stomach. If the liquid form of amoxicillin is being prescribed, accurately measure each dose to avoid overdose or under dose of the medicine.
Amoxicillin Dosage
The dosage for amoxicillin can only be effectively determined by your doctor. Never attempt to prescribe a dose for yourself as the dosage recommended by your doctor may be based on other factors such as body weight and severity of infection.
Amoxicillin Overdose
Symptoms of Amoxicillin overdose include muscle pain, twitching of fingers and toes, confusion, coma, agitation, numbness of fingers and toes, seizures and agitation. If any of these symptoms is present consult your doctor immediately for the proper medical attention.
Amoxicillin Missed Dose
The general rule for any medicine is not to double dose even if a dose is missed. If you happen to miss a dose, you can take it as soon as you remember provided that it is not yet time for the next dose. You can proceed with your regularly spaced intake interval after that.
Amoxicillin Side Effects
The most common side effect while taking amoxicillin are severe diarrhea and bloody stools as well as abdominal cramps that accompany it. If you experience any of this, immediately seek medical attention.
Other expected side effects include allergic reactions characterized by hives, swelling of face, lips, and throat and also the closing of throat and difficulty in breathing, other side effects are seizures and unusual bleeding or bruising.
Less Serious side effects are also likely to occur such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pains, itching or discharge of the vagina, black hairy tongue or soreness of mouth.
Other side effects aside from the ones listed here may also occur and if they become bothersome and or intolerable, consult your physician immediately.
Amoxicillin Drug Reactions
Amoxicillin may not work well with other drugs and it is important that you tell your doctor if you are taking any of these medicines such as:
Other antibiotics
Methotrexate
Probenecid
Allopurinol
If you are taking any of the above listed, your doctor may want to adjust your dosage of amoxicillin or advise you to entirely skip or forego taking amoxicillin.
Amoxicillin also has a tendency to decrease the effect of birth control pills. This contraceptive may not be efficient in preventing pregnancy while on amoxicillin medication.
Other drugs may also interact unfavorable with Amoxicillin and inform your doctor if you are taking other drugs may they be prescription or over the counter drugs.