[药品名称]
通用名：咪喹莫特
英文名：Imiquimod
化学名称为：1-(2-甲基丙基)-1H咪唑(4,5-C)喹啉-4-胺
[适应症] 用于治疗成人外生殖器和肛周尖锐湿疣。
[药理作用]
咪喹莫特治疗生殖器疣或肛周疣的作用机制尚不知道。其对培养细胞没有直接的抗病毒作用。对鼠皮肤研究显示,咪喹莫特诱导包括α-干扰素在内的细胞因子的产生。然而,这些发现的临床相关性不清楚。在一个双盲安慰剂对照试验中,209例18岁及18岁以上的生殖气疣/肛周疣的患者,外用5%的咪喹莫特乳膏或赋形剂(对照),每周3次,最长16周。疣基地的平均面积是69 mm2(范围8-5525 mm2)。患者的情况如下 :1004-iMiQ-患者情况参加患者数(N=209)使用5%咪喹莫特乳膏者中(N=109),完成16周治疗未清除者有36人 ;清除者有54人,其中随访(其他患者失访或复发)12周未复发者有39人 ;退出研究者有19人。使用赋形剂乳膏者(N=100)中,完成16周治疗未清除者有62人 ;清除者有11人,其中随访(其他患者失访或复发)12周未复发者有9人 ;退出研究者有27人。完全治愈的患者数如下,平均治愈时间是10周。
[药代动力学]
对单独外用5 mg[14C]咪喹莫特乳膏的6名健康者的研究发现,[14C]咪喹莫特的经皮吸收是很少的。在血清中也未检测到其放射性活性(较低限度剂量:1 ng/mg),且外用后从尿液和粪便中排出的放射性标记剂量<0.9%。
[毒理研究]
尚无对啮齿类动物的致癌性资料。在8种不同致突变系列实验中,没有发现异常,包括ames,鼠淋巴瘤,ChO染色体异位,人类淋巴细胞染色体异位,ShE细胞转化,鼠骨髓细胞遗传学及鼠显著致死试验。在鼠交配、妊娠、分娩及授乳过程中,给予口服8倍于人类的剂量(按mg/m2计算),未见对生殖的影响。
[用法用量]
（1）每周3次(星期一、三、五或二、四、六)，临睡前用药。合理用药以发挥本品的最大疗效。建议用药前和用药后洗手。
（2）睡前取适量药膏，均匀涂抹一薄层于疣体部位，轻轻按摩直到药物完全吸收，并保留6-10小时，用药部位不要封包。
（3）在涂药膏后6-10小时请勿洗澡，6-10小时后，用清水和中性肥皂将药物从疣体部位洗掉；
（4）患者应持续使用药膏，直到疣体完全清除，疣体最快2-4周清除，一般多在8-12周清除，用药最多不超过16周。 （5）用药后局部有轻度红斑者，可不必停药而持续使用；如患者感到全身不适或出现较为明显的局部皮肤反应（较明显的的水肿、糜烂、疼痛等）时，应停用药物次数，待反应减轻后再继续用药。
[不良反应] 多数病人治疗过程中无任何不良反应。用药数次后，临床上可能出现的不良反应多为轻、中度局部皮肤炎症反应，如：灼热、瘙痒、红斑、水肿、脱屑；少见溃疡、糜烂及疼痛的发生； 偶有短暂低热，以上症状停药后均能迅速消除。如反应轻微，可继续用药；若反应严重应及时停药并就医。
[禁忌症] 对咪喹莫特或赋形剂过敏者。
[注意事项]
（1）治疗局部不可用敷料（如纱布、绷带等）封包。
（2）用药期间避免性接触（生殖器官、肛门或口），包括使用避孕套的性生活（可能会减低避孕套的功效）。
（3）建议用药6-10小时后，用清水和中性肥皂将药物洗掉。
（4）对于包皮过长，未行包皮环切术者，若疣体长在包皮内，应每天将包皮上翻后清洁。
（5）如出现严重不良反应，应及时就医。
（6）在医生指导下使用该药。避免接触眼睛、口、鼻等部位。
[孕妇及哺乳期妇妇用药]
（1）不推荐孕妇应用本品。
（2）不知道局部应用咪喹莫特后乳汁中是否有药物分泌，不推荐哺乳期妇女应用本品。
[儿童用药]没有18岁以下患者用药经验。
[药物过量]
本品的用药过量不可能是由于其微弱的经皮吸收。动物研究表明咪喹莫特的兔致死剂量超过1600 mg/m2。持续外用过量的本品会导致严重的皮肤反应。临床上报道的最严重的反应是在多次口服咪喹莫特超过200 mg后出现的低血压,经口服或静脉补液后可恢复。
[用药须知]
给患者的讯息 :应用本品的患者应注意以下的信息和说明,本品对生殖器和肛周疣传播的作用尚不知道。本品可能会损害避孕套和阴道隔膜,因此不主张同时使用。该药仅供外用,避免接触到眼睛。治疗部位不能包扎。当皮肤上有药物时应避免性接触(生殖器、肛周、口)。建议使用本品6-10小时后,用温和肥皂或水清洗治疗部位。患者用药部位或邻近部位皮肤出现诸如红斑、糜烂、表面脱落及水肿等局部反应是常见的。大多数反应是轻至中度的,若出现严重的皮肤反应应立即进行适当处理。未进行包皮环切的男性治疗包皮下疣时应将包皮翻起,并每天清洗。患者应了解在治疗过程中可能会有新的疣出现,因为本品并不能治愈疣。
[贮藏/有效期]
密封保存。有效期暂定2年。
【原产地英文商品名】ALDARA 5% CREAM 0.25g/packet 24packets/box
【原产地英文药品名】IMIQUIMOD
【中文参考商品译名】艾达乐5%乳膏 0.25克/包 24包/盒
【中文参考药品译名】咪喹莫特
【中文参考化合物名称】1-(2-甲基丙基)-1H咪唑(4,5-C)喹啉-4-胺
【生产厂家中文参考译名:GRACEWAY
【生产厂家英文名】GRACEWAY
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【原产地英文商品名】IMIQUIMOD CREAM 5%(GENERIC FOR ALDARA 5%)0.25g/packet 24packets/box
【原产地英文药品名】IMIQUIMOD
【中文参考商品译名】咪喹莫特5%乳膏(艾达乐5%仿制药)0.25克/包 24包/盒
【中文参考药品译名】咪喹莫特
【中文参考化合物名称】1-(2-甲基丙基)-1H咪唑(4,5-C)喹啉-4-胺
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use Imiquimod safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for Imiquimod.
Imiquimod Cream
For topical use only
Initial U.S. Approval: 1997
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Imiquimod Cream is indicated for the topical treatment of:
Clinically typical, nonhyperkeratotic, nonhypertrophic actinic keratoses (AK) on the face or scalp in immunocompetent adults (1.1)
Biopsy-confirmed, primary superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) in immunocompetent adults; maximum tumor diameter of 2.0 cm on trunk, neck, or extremities (excluding hands and feet), only when surgical methods are medically less appropriate and patient follow-up can be reasonably assured (1.2)
External genital and perianal warts/condyloma acuminata in patients 12 years old or older (1.3)
Limitations of Use: Efficacy was not demonstrated for molluscum contagiosum in children aged 2-12 (1.4, 8.4)
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Imiquimod Cream is not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use. (2)
Actinic keratosis: 2 times per week for a full 16 weeks (2.1)
Superficial basal cell carcinoma: 5 times per week for a full 6 weeks (2.2)
External genital warts (EGW): 3 times per week until total clearance or a maximum of 16 weeks (2.3)
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
Imiquimod Cream, 5%, is supplied in single-use packets (24 per box), each of which contains 250 mg of the cream, equivalent to 12.5 mg of imiquimod. (3)
CONTRAINDICATIONS
None (4)
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Intense local inflammatory reactions can occur (e.g., skin weeping, erosion). Dosing interruption may be required (2, 5.1, 6)
Flu-like systemic signs and symptoms including malaise, fever, nausea, myalgias and rigors may occur. Dosing interruption may be required (2, 5.2, 6)
Avoid exposure to sunlight and sunlamps. Wear sunscreen daily (5.3).
Safety and efficacy have not been established for repeat courses of treatment to the same area for AK. (5.4)
Imiquimod Cream is not recommended for treatment of BCC subtypes other than the superficial variant, i.e., sBCC. (5.5)
Treatment of urethral, intra-vaginal, cervical, rectal or intra-anal viral disease is not recommended. (5.6)
Safety and efficacy in immunosuppressed patients have not been established (1.5)
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Most common adverse reactions (incidence >28%) are application site reactions or local skin reactions: itching, burning, erythema, flaking/scaling/dryness, scabbing/crusting, edema, induration, excoriation, erosion, ulceration. Other reported reactions (≥ 1%) include fatigue, fever, and headache (6.1, 6.2, 6.3)
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.
Revised: 04/2010
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FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1 Actinic Keratosis
Imiquimod Cream is indicated for the topical treatment of clinically typical, nonhyperkeratotic, nonhypertrophic actinic keratoses on the face or scalp in immunocompetent adults.
1.2 Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
Imiquimod Cream is indicated for the topical treatment of biopsy-confirmed, primary superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) in immunocompetent adults, with a maximum tumor diameter of 2.0 cm, located on the trunk (excluding anogenital skin), neck, or extremities (excluding hands and feet), only when surgical methods are medically less appropriate and patient follow-up can be reasonably assured.
The histological diagnosis of superficial basal cell carcinoma should be established prior to treatment, since safety and efficacy of Imiquimod Cream have not been established for other types of basal cell carcinomas, including nodular and morpheaform (fibrosing or sclerosing) types.
1.3 External Genital Warts
Imiquimod Cream is indicated for the treatment of external genital and perianal warts/condyloma acuminata in patients 12 years old or older.
1.4 Limitations of Use
Imiquimod Cream has been evaluated in children ages 2 to 12 years with molluscumcontagiosum and these studies failed to demonstrate efficacy. [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].
1.5 Unevaluated Populations
The safety and efficacy of Imiquimod Cream in immunosuppressed patients have not been established.
Imiquimod Cream should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing autoimmune conditions.
The efficacy and safety of Imiquimod Cream have not been established for patients with Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome or Xeroderma Pigmentosum.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
The application frequency for Imiquimod Cream is different for each indication.
Imiquimod is not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use.
2.1 Actinic Keratosis
Imiquimod Cream should be applied 2 times per week for a full 16 weeks to a defined treatment area on the face or scalp (but not both concurrently). The treatment area is defined as one contiguous area of approximately 25 cm2 (e.g., 5 cm x 5 cm) on the face (e.g. forehead or one cheek) or on the scalp. Examples of 2 times per week application schedules are Monday and Thursday, or Tuesday and Friday. Imiquimod Cream should be applied to the entire treatment area and rubbed in until the cream is no longer visible. No more than one packet of Imiquimod Cream should be applied to the contiguous treatment area at each application. Imiquimod Cream should be applied prior to normal sleeping hours and left on the skin for approximately 8 hours, after which time the cream should be removed by washing the area with mild soap and water. The prescriber should demonstrate the proper application technique to maximize the benefit of Imiquimod Cream therapy.
It is recommended that patients wash their hands before and after applying Imiquimod Cream. Before applying the cream, the patient should wash the treatment area with mild soap and water and allow the area to dry thoroughly (at least 10 minutes).
Contact with the eyes, lips and nostrils should be avoided.
Local skin reactions in the treatment area are common. [see Adverse Reactions (6.1, 6.5)] A rest period of several days may be taken if required by the patient's discomfort or severity of the local skin reaction. However, the treatment period should not be extended beyond 16 weeks due to missed doses or rest periods. Response to treatment cannot be adequately assessed until resolution of local skin reactions. Lesions that do not respond to treatment should be carefully re-evaluated and management reconsidered.
Imiquimod Cream is packaged in single-use packets, with 24 packets supplied per box. Patients should be prescribed no more than 36 packets for the 16-week treatment period. Unused packets should be discarded. Partially-used packets should be discarded and not reused.
2.2 Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
Imiquimod Cream should be applied 5 times per week for a full 6 weeks to a biopsy-confirmed superficial basal cell carcinoma. An example of a 5 times per week application schedule is to apply Imiquimod Cream, once per day, Monday through Friday. Imiquimod Cream should be applied prior to normal sleeping hours and left on the skin for approximately 8 hours, after which time the cream should be removed by washing the area with mild soap and water. The prescriber should demonstrate the proper application technique to maximize the benefit of Imiquimod Cream therapy.
It is recommended that patients wash their hands before and after applying Imiquimod Cream. The patient should wash the treatment area with mild soap and water before applying the cream, and allow the area to dry thoroughly.
The target tumor should have a maximum diameter of 2 cm and be located on the trunk (excluding anogenital skin), neck, or extremities (excluding hands and feet). The treatment area should include a 1 cm margin of skin around the tumor. Sufficient cream should be applied to cover the treatment area, including 1 centimeter of skin surrounding the tumor. Imiquimod Cream should be rubbed into the treatment area until the cream is no longer visible.
| Target Tumor Diameter | Size of Cream Droplet to be Used (diameter) | Approximate Amount of Imiquimod to be Used |
| 0.5 to < 1.0 cm | 4 mm | 10 mg |
| ≥ 1.0 to < 1.5 cm | 5 mm | 25 mg |
| ≥ 1.5 to 2.0 cm | 7 mm | 40 mg |
Contact with the eyes, lips and nostrils should be avoided.
Local skin reactions in the treatment area are common.[see Adverse Reactions (6.2, 6.5)] A rest period of several days may be taken if required by the patient's discomfort or severity of the local skin reaction.
Early clinical clearance cannot be adequately assessed until resolution of local skin reactions (e.g. 12 weeks post-treatment). Local skin reactions or other findings (e.g. infection) may require that a patient be seen sooner than the post-treatment assessment for clinical clearance. If there is clinical evidence of persistent tumor at the post-treatment assessment for clinical clearance, a biopsy or other alternative intervention should be considered. Lesions that do not respond to therapy should be carefully re-evaluated and management reconsidered; the safety and efficacy of a repeat course of Imiquimod Cream treatment have not been established. If any suspicious lesion arises in the treatment area at any time after a determination of clinical clearance, the patient should seek a medical evaluation. [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].
Imiquimod Cream is packaged in single-use packets, with 24 packets supplied per box. Patients should be prescribed no more than 36 packets for the 6-week treatment period. Unused packets should be discarded. Partially-used packets should be discarded and not reused.
2.3 External Genital Warts
Imiquimod Cream should be applied 3 times per week to external genital/perianal warts. Imiquimod Cream treatment should continue until there is total clearance of the genital/perianal warts or for a maximum of 16 weeks. Examples of 3 times per week application schedules are: Monday, Wednesday, Friday or Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday. Imiquimod Cream should be applied prior to normal sleeping hours and left on the skin for 6 -10 hours, after which time the cream should be removed by washing the area with mild soap and water. The prescriber should demonstrate the proper application technique to maximize the benefit of Imiquimod Cream therapy.
It is recommended that patients wash their hands before and after applying Imiquimod Cream.
A thin layer of Imiquimod Cream should be applied to the wart area and rubbed in until the cream is no longer visible. The application site should not be occluded. Following the treatment period the cream should be removed by washing the treated area with mild soap and water.
Local skin reactions at the treatment site are common. [see Adverse Reactions (6.3, 6.5)]. A rest period of several days may be taken if required by the patient's discomfort or severity of the local skin reaction. Treatment may resume once the reaction subsides. Non-occlusive dressings such as cotton gauze or cotton underwear may be used in the management of skin reactions.
Imiquimod Cream is packaged in single-use packets which contain sufficient cream to cover a wart area of up to 20 cm2; use of excessive amounts of cream should be avoided.
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
Imiquimod Cream, 5%, is supplied in single-use packets each of which contains 250 mg of the cream, equivalent to 12.5 mg of imiquimod. Imiquimod Cream is supplied in a box of 24 packets each.
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
None.
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Local Inflammatory Reactions
Intense local inflammatory reactions including skin weeping or erosion can occur after few applications of Imiquimod Cream and may require an interruption of dosing. [see Dosage and Administration (2) and Adverse Reactions (6)]. Imiquimod Cream has the potential to exacerbate inflammatory conditions of the skin, including chronic graft versus host disease.
Administration of Imiquimod Cream is not recommended until the skin is completely healed from any previous drug or surgical treatment.
5.2 Systemic Reactions
Flu-like signs and symptoms may accompany, or even precede, local inflammatory reactions and may include malaise, fever, nausea, myalgias and rigors. An interruption of dosing should be considered. [see Adverse Reactions (6)]
5.3 Ultraviolet Light Exposure
Exposure to sunlight (including sunlamps) should be avoided or minimized during use of Imiquimod Cream because of concern for heightened sunburn susceptibility. Patients should be warned to use protective clothing (e.g., a hat) when using Imiquimod Cream. Patients with sunburn should be advised not to use Imiquimod Cream until fully recovered. Patients who may have considerable sun exposure, e.g. due to their occupation, and those patients with inherent sensitivity to sunlight should exercise caution when using Imiquimod Cream.
Imiquimod Cream shortened the time to skin tumor formation in an animal photoco-carcinogenicity study [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)]. The enhancement of ultraviolet carcinogenicity is not necessarily dependent on phototoxic mechanisms. Therefore, patients should minimize or avoid natural or artificial sunlight exposure.
5.4 Unevaluated Uses: Actinic Keratosis
Safety and efficacy have not been established for Imiquimod Cream in the treatment of actinic keratosis with repeated use, i.e. more than one treatment course, in the same area.
The safety of Imiquimod Cream applied to areas of skin greater than 25 cm2 (e.g. 5 cm X 5 cm) for the treatment of actinic keratosis has not been established [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
5.5 Unevaluated Uses: Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
The safety and efficacy of Imiquimod Cream have not been established for other types of basal cell carcinomas (BCC), including nodular and morpheaform (fibrosing or sclerosing) types. Imiquimod Cream is not recommended for treatment of BCC subtypes other than the superficial variant (i.e., sBCC). Patients with sBCC treated with Imiquimod Cream should have regular follow-up of the treatment site. [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].
The safety and efficacy of treating sBCC lesions on the face, head and anogenital area have not been established.
5.6 Unevaluated Uses: External Genital Warts
Imiquimod Cream has not been evaluated for the treatment of urethral, intra-vaginal, cervical, rectal, or intra-anal human papilloma viral disease.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience: Actinic Keratosis
The data described below reflect exposure to Imiquimod Cream or vehicle in 436 subjects enrolled in two double-blind, vehicle-controlled studies. Subjects applied Imiquimod Cream or vehicle to a 25 cm2 contiguous treatment area on the face or scalp 2 times per week for 16 weeks.
| Imiquimod Cream | Vehicle | |
| Preferred Term | (n= 215) | (n= 221) |
| Application Site Reaction | 71 (33%) | 32 (14%) |
| Upper Resp Tract Infection | 33 (15%) | 27 (12%) |
| Sinusitis | 16 (7%) | 14 (6%) |
| Headache | 11 (5%) | 7 (3%) |
| Carcinoma Squamous | 8 (4%) | 5 (2%) |
| Diarrhea | 6 (3%) | 2 (1%) |
| Eczema | 4 (2%) | 3 (1%) |
| Back Pain | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) |
| Fatigue | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) |
| Fibrillation Atrial | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) |
| Infection Viral | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) |
| Dizziness | 3 (1%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Vomiting | 3 (1%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Urinary Tract Infection | 3 (1%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Fever | 3 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Rigors | 3 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Alopecia | 3 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Imiquimod Cream | Vehicle | |
| Included Term | n=215 | n=221 |
| Itching | 44 (20%) | 17 (8%) |
| Burning | 13 (6%) | 4 (2%) |
| Bleeding | 7 (3%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Stinging | 6 (3%) | 2 (1%) |
| Pain | 6 (3%) | 2 (1%) |
| Induration | 5 (2%) | 3 (1%) |
| Tenderness | 4 (2%) | 3 (1%) |
| Irritation | 4 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
Local skin reactions were collected independently of the adverse reaction “application site reaction” in an effort to provide a better picture of the specific types of local reactions that might be seen. The most frequently reported local skin reactions were erythema, flaking/scaling/dryness, and scabbing/crusting. The prevalence and severity of local skin reactions that occurred during controlled studies are shown in the following table.
| *Mild, Moderate, or Severe | ||||
| Imiquimod Cream (n=215) |
Vehicle (n=220) | |||
| All Grades* | Severe | All Grades* | Severe | |
| Erythema | 209 (97%) | 38 (18%) | 206 (93%) | 5 (2%) |
| Flaking/Scaling/Dryness | 199 (93%) | 16 (7%) | 199 (91%) | 7 (3%) |
| Scabbing/Crusting | 169 (79%) | 18 (8%) | 92 (42%) | 4 (2%) |
| Edema | 106 (49%) | 0 (0%) | 22 (10%) | 0 (0%) |
| Erosion/Ulceration | 103 (48%) | 5 (2%) | 20 (9%) | 0 (0%) |
| Weeping/Exudate | 45 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Vesicles | 19 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
The adverse reactions that most frequently resulted in clinical intervention (e.g., rest periods, withdrawal from study) were local skin and application site reactions. Overall, in the clinical studies, 2% (5/215) of subjects discontinued for local skin/application site reactions. Of the 215 subjects treated, 35 subjects (16%) on Imiquimod Cream and 3 of 220 subjects (1%) on vehicle cream had at least one rest period. Of these Imiquimod Cream subjects, 32 (91%) resumed therapy after a rest period.
In the AK studies, 22 of 678 (3.2%) of Imiquimod-treated subjects developed treatment site infections that required a rest period off Imiquimod Cream and were treated with antibiotics (19 with oral and 3 with topical).
Of the 206 Imiquimod subjects with both baseline and 8-week post-treatment scarring assessments, 6 (2.9%) had a greater degree of scarring scores at 8-weeks post-treatment than at baseline.
6.2 Clinical Trials Experience: Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
The data described below reflect exposure to Imiquimod Cream or vehicle in 364 subjects enrolled in two double-blind, vehicle-controlled studies. Subjects applied Imiquimod Cream or vehicle 5 times per week for 6 weeks. The incidence of adverse reactions reported by > 1% of subjects during the studies is summarized below.
| Imiquimod Cream | Vehicle | |
| (n= 185) | (n= 179) | |
| Preferred Term | N % | N % |
| Application Site Reaction | 52 (28%) | 5 (3%) |
| Headache | 14 (8%) | 4 (2%) |
| Back Pain | 7 (4%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Upper Resp Tract Infection | 6 (3%) | 2 (1%) |
| Rhinitis | 5 (3%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Lymphadenopathy | 5 (3%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Fatigue | 4 (2%) | 2 (1%) |
| Sinusitis | 4 (2%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Dyspepsia | 3 (2%) | 2 (1%) |
| Coughing | 3 (2%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Fever | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Dizziness | 2 (1%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Anxiety | 2 (1%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Pharyngitis | 2 (1%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Chest Pain | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Nausea | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
The most frequently reported adverse reactions were local skin and application site reactions including erythema, edema, induration, erosion, flaking/scaling, scabbing/crusting, itching and burning at the application site. The incidence of application site reactions reported by > 1% of the subjects during the 6 week treatment period is summarized in the table below.
| Imiquimod Cream | Vehicle | |
| Included Term | n=185 | n=179 |
| Itching | 30 (16%) | 1 (1%) |
| Burning | 11 (6%) | 2 (1%) |
| Pain | 6 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Bleeding | 4 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Erythema | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Papule(s) | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Tenderness | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Infection | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
Local skin reactions were collected independently of the adverse reaction “application site reaction” in an effort to provide a better picture of the specific types of local reactions that might be seen. The prevalence and severity of local skin reactions that occurred during controlled studies are shown in the following table.
|
*Mild, Moderate, or Severe | ||||
| Imiquimod Cream | Vehicle | |||
| n=184 | n=178 | |||
| All Grades* | Severe | All Grades* | Severe | |
| Erythema | 184 (100%) | 57 (31%) | 173 (97%) | 4 (2%) |
| Flaking/Scaling | 167 (91%) | 7 (4%) | 135 (76%) | 0 (0%) |
| Induration | 154 (84%) | 11 (6%) | 94 (53%) | 0 (0%) |
| Scabbing/Crusting | 152 (83%) | 35 (19%) | 61 (34%) | 0 (0%) |
| Edema | 143 (78%) | 13 (7%) | 64 (36%) | 0 (0%) |
| Erosion | 122 (66%) | 23 (13%) | 25 (14%) | 0 (0%) |
| Ulceration | 73 (40%) | 11 (6%) | 6 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Vesicles | 57 (31%) | 3 (2%) | 4 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
The adverse reactions that most frequently resulted in clinical intervention (e.g., rest periods, withdrawal from study) were local skin and application site reactions; 10% (19/185) of subjects received rest periods. The average number of doses not received per subject due to rest periods was 7 doses with a range of 2 to 22 doses; 79% of subjects (15/19) resumed therapy after a rest period. Overall, in the clinical studies, 2% (4/185) of subjects discontinued for local skin/application site reactions.
In the sBCC studies, 17 of 1266 (1.3%) Imiquimod-treated subjects developed treatment site infections that required a rest period and treatment with antibiotics.
6.3 Clinical Trials Experience: External Genital Warts
In controlled clinical trials for genital warts, the most frequently reported adverse reactions were local skin and application site reactions.
Some subjects also reported systemic reactions. Overall, 1.2% (4/327) of the subjects discontinued due to local skin/application site reactions. The incidence and severity of local skin reactions during controlled clinical trials are shown in the following table.
|
*Mild, Moderate, or Severe | ||||||||
| Imiquimod Cream | Vehicle | |||||||
| Females | Males | Females | Males | |||||
| n=114 | n=156 | n=99 | n=157 | |||||
| All Grades* | Severe | All Grades* | Severe | All Grades* | Severe | All Grades* | Severe | |
| Erythema | 74 (65%) | 4 (4%) | 90 (58%) | 6 (4%) | 21 (21%) | 0 (0%) | 34 (22%) | 0 (0%) |
| Erosion | 35 (31%) | 1 (1%) | 47 (30%) | 2 (1%) | 8 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (6%) | 0 (0%) |
| Excoriation/ Flaking |
21 (18%) | 0 (0%) | 40 (26%) | 1 (1%) | 8 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (8%) | 0 (0%) |
| Edema | 20 (18%) | 1 (1%) | 19 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Scabbing | 4 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 20 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Induration | 6 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Ulceration | 9 (8%) | 3 (3%) | 7 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Vesicles | 3 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Remote site skin reactions were also reported. The severe remote site skin reactions reported for females were erythema (3%), ulceration (2%), and edema (1%); and for males, erosion (2%), and erythema, edema, induration, and excoriation/flaking (each 1%).
Selected adverse reactions judged to be probably or possibly related to Imiquimod Cream are listed below.
| Females | Males | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imiquimod Cream n=117 |
Vehicle n=103 |
Imiquimod Cream n=156 |
Vehicle n=158 | |
|
*Incidences reported without regard to causality with Imiquimod Cream. | ||||
| Application Site Disorders: | ||||
| Application Site Reactions | ||||
| Wart Site: | ||||
| Itching | 38 (32%) | 21 (20%) | 34 (22%) | 16 (10%) |
| Burning | 30 (26%) | 12 (12%) | 14 (9%) | 8 (5%) |
| Pain | 9 (8%) | 2 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 1 (1%) |
| Soreness | 3 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) |
| Fungal Infection* | 13 (11%) | 3 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 1 (1%) |
| Systemic Reactions: | ||||
| Headache | 5 (4%) | 3 (3%) | 8 (5%) | 3 (2%) |
| Influenza-like symptoms | 4 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Myalgia | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
Adverse reactions judged to be possibly or probably related to Imiquimod Cream and reported by more than 1% of subjects included:
Application Site Disorders: burning, hypopigmentation, irritation, itching, pain, rash, sensitivity, soreness, stinging, tenderness
Remote Site Reactions: bleeding, burning, itching, pain, tenderness, tinea cruris
Body as a Whole: fatigue, fever, influenza-like symptoms
Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders: headache
Gastro-Intestinal System Disorders: diarrhea
Musculo-Skeletal System Disorders: myalgia.
6.4 Clinical Trials Experience: Dermal Safety Studies
Provocative repeat insult patch test studies involving induction and challenge phases produced no evidence that Imiquimod Cream causes photoallergenicity or contact sensitization in healthy skin; however, cumulative irritancy testing revealed the potential for Imiquimod Cream to cause irritation, and application site reactions were reported in the clinical studies [see Adverse Reactions (6)].
6.5 Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Imiquimod Cream. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Body as a Whole: angioedema.
Cardiovascular: capillary leak syndrome, cardiac failure, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary edema, arrhythmias (tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, palpitations), chest pain, ischemia, myocardial infarction, syncope.
Endocrine: thyroiditis.
Hematological: decreases in red cell, white cell and platelet counts (including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura), lymphoma
Hepatic: abnormal liver function
Neuropsychiatric: agitation, cerebrovascular accident, convulsions (including febrile convulsions), depression, insomnia, multiple sclerosis aggravation, paresis, suicide.
Respiratory: dyspnea.
Urinary System Disorders: proteinuria.
Skin and Appendages: exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, hyperpigmentation.
Vascular: Henoch-Schonlein purpura syndrome
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category C:
Note: The Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) was set at 2 packets per treatment of Imiquimod Cream (25 mg imiquimod) for the animal multiple of human exposure ratios presented in this label. If higher doses than 2 packets of Imiquimod Cream are used clinically, then the animal multiple of human exposure would be reduced for that dose. A non-proportional increase in systemic exposure with increased dose of Imiquimod Cream was noted in the clinical pharmacokinetic study conducted in actinic keratosis subjects [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The AUC after topical application of 6 packets of Imiquimod Cream was 8 fold greater than the AUC after topical application of 2 packets of Imiquimod Cream in actinic keratosis subjects. Therefore, if a dose of 6 packets per treatment of Imiquimod Cream was topically administered to an individual, then the animal multiple of human exposure would be either 1/3 of the value provided in the label (based on body surface area comparisons) or 1/8 of the value provided in the label (based on AUC comparisons). The animal multiples of human exposure calculations were based on weekly dose comparisons for the carcinogenicity studies described in this label. The animal multiples of human exposure calculations were based on daily dose comparisons for the reproductive toxicology studies described in this label.
Systemic embryofetal development studies were conducted in rats and rabbits. Oral doses of 1, 5 and 20 mg/kg/day imiquimod were administered during the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6 – 15) to pregnant female rats. In the presence of maternal toxicity, fetal effects noted at 20 mg/kg/day (577X MRHD based on AUC comparisons) included increased resorptions, decreased fetal body weights, delays in skeletal ossification, bent limb bones, and two fetuses in one litter (2 of 1567 fetuses) demonstrated exencephaly, protruding tongues and low-set ears. No treatment related effects on embryofetal toxicity or teratogenicity were noted at 5 mg/kg/day (98X MRHD based on AUC comparisons).
Intravenous doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg/day imiquimod were administered during the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6 – 18) to pregnant female rabbits. No treatment related effects on embryofetal toxicity or teratogenicity were noted at 2 mg/kg/day (1.5X MRHD based on BSA comparisons), the highest dose evaluated in this study, or 1 mg/kg/day (407X MRHD based on AUC comparisons).
A combined fertility and peri- and post-natal development study was conducted in rats. Oral doses of 1, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg/day imiquimod were administered to male rats from 70 days prior to mating through the mating period and to female rats from 14 days prior to mating through parturition and lactation. No effects on growth, fertility, reproduction or post-natal development were noted at doses up to 6 mg/kg/day (87X MRHD based on AUC comparisons), the highest dose evaluated in this study. In the absence of maternal toxicity, bent limb bones were noted in the F1 fetuses at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day (87X MRHD based on AUC comparisons). This fetal effect was also noted in the oral rat embryofetal development study conducted with imiquimod. No treatment related effects on teratogenicity were noted at 3 mg/kg/day (41X MRHD based on AUC comparisons).
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Imiquimod Cream should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
8.3 Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether imiquimod is excreted in human milk following use of Imiquimod Cream. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Imiquimod Cream is administered to nursing women.
8.4 Pediatric Use
AK and sBCC are not conditions generally seen within the pediatric population. The safety and efficacy of Imiquimod Cream for AK or sBCC in patients less than 18 years of age have not been established.
Safety and efficacy in patients with external genital/perianal warts below the age of 12 years have not been established.
Imiquimod Cream was evaluated in two randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-blind trials involving 702 pediatric subjects with molluscum contagiosum (MC) (470 exposed to Imiquimod; median age 5 years, range 2-12 years). Subjects applied Imiquimod Cream or vehicle 3 times weekly for up to 16 weeks. Complete clearance (no MC lesions) was assessed at Week 18. In Study 1, the complete clearance rate was 24% (52/217) in the Imiquimod Cream group compared with 26% (28/106) in the vehicle group. In Study 2, the clearance rates were 24% (60/253) in the Imiquimod Cream group compared with 28% (35/126) in the vehicle group. These studies failed to demonstrate efficacy.
Similar to the studies conducted in adults, the most frequently reported adverse reaction from 2 studies in children with molluscum contagiosum was application site reaction. Adverse events which occurred more frequently in Imiquimod-treated subjects compared with vehicle-treated subjects generally resembled those seen in studies in indications approved for adults and also included otitis media (5% Imiquimod vs. 3% vehicle) and conjunctivitis (3% Imiquimod vs. 2% vehicle).
Erythema was the most frequently reported local skin reaction. Severe local skin reactions reported by Imiquimod-treated subjects in the pediatric studies included erythema (28%), edema (8%), scabbing/crusting (5%), flaking/scaling (5%), erosion (2%) and weeping/exudate (2%).
Systemic absorption of imiquimod across the affected skin of 22 subjects aged 2 to 12 years with extensive MC involving at least 10% of the total body surface area was observed after single and multiple doses at a dosing frequency of 3 applications per week for 4 weeks. The investigator determined the dose applied, either 1, 2 or 3 packets per dose, based on the size of the treatment area and the subject’s weight. The overall median peak serum drug concentrations at the end of week 4 was between 0.26 and 1.06 ng/mL except in a 2-year old female who was administered 2 packets of study drug per dose, had a Cmax of 9.66 ng/mL after multiple dosing. Children aged 2-5 years received doses of 12.5 mg (one packet) or 25 mg (two packets) of imiquimod and had median multiple-dose peak serum drug levels of approximately 0.2 or 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. Children aged 6-12 years received doses of 12.5 mg, 25 mg, or 37.5 mg (three packets) and had median multiple dose serum drug levels of approximately 0.1, 0.15, or 0.3 ng/mL, respectively. Among the 20 subjects with evaluable laboratory assessments, the median WBC count decreased by 1.4*109/L and the median absolute neutrophil count decreased by 1.42*109/L.
8.5 Geriatric Use
Of the 215 subjects treated with Imiquimod Cream in the AK clinical studies, 127 subjects (59%) were 65 years and older, while 60 subjects (28%) were 75 years and older. Of the 185 subjects treated with Imiquimod Cream in the sBCC clinical studies, 65 subjects (35%) were 65 years and older, while 25 subjects (14%) were 75 years and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects. No other clinical experience has identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger subjects, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
10 OVERDOSAGE
Topical overdosing of Imiquimod Cream could result in an increased incidence of severe local skin reactions and may increase the risk for systemic reactions.
The most clinically serious adverse event reported following multiple oral imiquimod doses of >200 mg (equivalent to imiquimod content of >16 packets) was hypotension, which resolved following oral or intravenous fluid administration.
11 DESCRIPTION
Imiquimod Cream, 5% is an immune response modifier for topical administration. Each gram contains 50 mg of imiquimod in an off-white oil-in-water vanishing cream base consisting of isostearic acid, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, white petrolatum, polysorbate 60, sorbitan monostearate, glycerin, xanthan gum, purified water, benzyl alcohol, methylparaben, and propylparaben.
Chemically, imiquimod is 1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine. Imiquimod has a molecular formula of C14H16N4 and a molecular weight of 240.3. Its structural formula is:
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
The mechanism of action of Imiquimod Cream in treating AK and sBCC lesions is unknown.
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
Actinic Keratosis
In a study of 18 subjects with AK comparing Imiquimod Cream to vehicle, increases from baseline in week 2 biomarker levels were reported for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11c, and CD68 for Imiquimod Cream treated subjects; however, the clinical relevance of these findings is unknown.
Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
An open label study in six subjects with sBCC suggests that treatment with Imiquimod Cream may increase the infiltration of lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages into the tumor lesion; however, the clinical significance of these findings is unknown.
External Genital Warts
Imiquimod has no direct antiviral activity in cell culture. A study in 22 subjects with genital/perianal warts comparing Imiquimod Cream and vehicle shows that Imiquimod Cream induces mRNA encoding cytokines including interferon-a at the treatment site. In addition HPVL1 mRNA and HPV DNA are significantly decreased following treatment. However, the clinical relevance of these findings is unknown.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Systemic absorption of imiquimod across the affected skin of 58 subjects with AK was observed with a dosing frequency of 3 applications per week for 16 weeks. Mean peak serum drug concentrations at the end of week 16 were approximately 0.1, 0.2, and 3.5 ng/mL for the applications to face (12.5 mg imiquimod, 1 single-use packet), scalp (25 mg, 2 packets) and hands/arms (75 mg, 6 packets), respectively.
| Amount of Imiquimod Cream applied | Mean peak serum imiquimod concentration [Cmax] |
| 12.5 mg (1 packet) | 0.1 ng/mL |
| 25 mg (2 packets) | 0.2 ng/mL |
| 75 mg (6 packets) | 3.5 ng/mL |
The application surface area was not controlled when more than one packet was used. Dose proportionality was not observed. However it appears that systemic exposure may be more dependent on surface area of application than amount of applied dose. The apparent half-life was approximately 10 times greater with topical dosing than the 2 hour apparent half-life seen following subcutaneous dosing, suggesting prolonged retention of drug in the skin. Mean urinary recoveries of imiquimod and metabolites combined were 0.08 and 0.15% of the applied dose in the group using 75 mg (6 packets) for males and females, respectively following 3 applications per week for 16 weeks.
Systemic absorption of imiquimod was observed across the affected skin of 12 subjects with genital/perianal warts, with an average dose of 4.6 mg. Mean peak drug concentration of approximately 0.4 ng/mL was seen during the study. Mean urinary recoveries of imiquimod and metabolites combined over the whole course of treatment, expressed as percent of the estimated applied dose, were 0.11 and 2.41% in the males and females, respectively.
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
In an oral (gavage) rat carcinogenicity study, imiquimod was administered to Wistar rats on a 2X/week (up to 6 mg/kg/day) or daily (3 mg/kg/day) dosing schedule for 24 months. No treatment related tumors were noted in the oral rat carcinogenicity study up to the highest doses tested in this study of 6 mg/kg administered 2X/week in female rats (87X MRHD based on weekly AUC comparisons), 4 mg/kg administered 2X/week in male rats (75X MRHD based on weekly AUC comparisons) or 3 mg/kg administered 7X/week to male and female rats (153X MRHD based on weekly AUC comparisons).
In a dermal mouse carcinogenicity study, imiquimod cream (up to 5 mg/kg/application imiquimod or 0.3% imiquimod cream) was applied to the backs of mice 3X/week for 24 months. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of liver adenomas and carcinomas was noted in high dose male mice compared to control male mice (251X MRHD based on weekly AUC comparisons). An increased number of skin papillomas was observed in vehicle cream control group animals at the treated site only. The quantitative composition of the vehicle cream used in the dermal mouse carcinogenicity study is the same as the vehicle cream used for Imiquimod Cream, minus the active moiety (imiquimod).
In a 52-week dermal photoco-carcinogenicity study, the median time to onset of skin tumor formation was decreased in hairless mice following chronic topical dosing (3X/week; 40 weeks of treatment followed by 12 weeks of observation) with concurrent exposure to UV radiation (5 days per week) with the Imiquimod Cream vehicle alone. No additional effect on tumor development beyond the vehicle effect was noted with the addition of the active ingredient, imiquimod, to the vehicle cream.
Imiquimod revealed no evidence of mutagenic or clastogenic potential based on the results of five in vitro genotoxicity tests (Ames assay, mouse lymphoma L5178Y assay, Chinese hamster ovary cell chromosome aberration assay, human lymphocyte chromosome aberration assay and SHE cell transformation assay) and three in vivo genotoxicity tests (rat and hamster bone marrow cytogenetics assay and a mouse dominant lethal test).
Daily oral administration of imiquimod to rats, throughout mating, gestation, parturition and lactation, demonstrated no effects on growth, fertility or reproduction, at doses up to 87X MRHD based on AUC comparisons.
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
14.1 Actinic Keratosis
In two double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical studies, 436 subjects with AK were randomized to treatment with either Imiquimod Cream or vehicle cream 2 times per week for 16 weeks. The studies enrolled subjects with 4 to 8 clinically typical, visible, discrete, nonhyperkeratotic, nonhypertrophic AK lesions within a 25 cm2 contiguous treatment area on either the face or scalp. The 25 cm2 contiguous treatment area could be of any dimensions e.g., 5 cm x 5 cm, 3 cm by 8.3 cm, 2 cm by 12.5 cm. Study subjects ranged from 37 to 88 years of age (median 66 years) and 55% had Fitzpatrick skin type I or II. All Imiquimod-treated subjects were Caucasians.
On a scheduled dosing day, the study cream was applied to the entire treatment area prior to normal sleeping hours and left on for approximately 8 hours. Twice weekly dosing was continued for a total of 16 weeks. The clinical response of each subject was evaluated 8 weeks after the last scheduled application of study cream. Efficacy was assessed by the complete clearance rate, defined as the proportion of subjects at the 8-week post-treatment visit with no (zero) clinically visible AK lesions in the treatment area. Complete clearance included clearance of all baseline lesions, as well as any new or sub-clinical AK lesions which appeared during therapy.
Complete and partial clearance rates are shown in the table below. The partial clearance rate was defined as the percentage of subjects in whom 75% or more baseline AK lesions were cleared.
| Complete Clearance Rates (100% AK Lesions Cleared) | ||
| Study | Imiquimod Cream | Vehicle |
| Study AK1 | 46% (49/107) | 3% (3/110) |
| Study AK2 | 44% (48/108) | 4% (4/111) |
| Partial and Complete Clearance Rates (75% or More Baseline AK Lesions Cleared) | ||
| Study | Imiquimod Cream | Vehicle |
| Study AK1 | 60% (64/107) | 10% (11/110) |
| Study AK2 | 58% (63/108) | 14% (15/111) |
Sub-clinical AK lesions may become apparent in the treatment area during treatment with Imiquimod Cream. During the course of treatment, 48% (103/215) of subjects experienced an increase in AK lesions relative to the number present at baseline within the treatment area. Subjects with an increase in AK lesions had a similar response to those with no increase in AK lesions.
14.2 Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
In two double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical studies, 364 subjects with primary sBCC were treated with Imiquimod Cream or vehicle cream 5 times per week for 6 weeks. Target tumors were biopsy-confirmed sBCC and had a minimum area of 0.5 cm2 and a maximum diameter of 2.0 cm (4.0 cm2). Target tumors were not to be located within 1.0 cm of the hairline, or on the anogenital area or on the hands or feet, or to have any atypical features. The population ranged from 31-89 years of age (median 60 years) and 65% had Fitzpatrick skin type I or II. On a scheduled dosing day, study cream was applied to the target tumor and approximately 1 cm (about 1/3 inch) beyond the target tumor prior to normal sleeping hours, and 5 times per week dosing was continued for a total of 6 weeks. The target tumor area was clinically assessed 12 weeks after the last scheduled application of study cream. The entire target tumor was then excised and examined histologically for the presence of tumor.
Efficacy was assessed by the complete response rate defined as the proportion of subjects with clinical (visual) and histological clearance of the sBCC lesion at 12 weeks post-treatment. Of Imiquimod-treated subjects, 6% (11/178) who had both clinical and histological assessments post-treatment, and who appeared to be clinically clear had evidence of tumor on excision of the clinically-clear treatment area.
Data on composite clearance (defined as both clinical and histological clearance) are shown in the following table.
| Study | Imiquimod Cream | Vehicle Cream |
| Study sBCC1 | 70% (66/94) |
2% (2/89) |
| Study sBCC2 | 80% (73/91) |
1% (1/90) |
| Total | 75% (139/185) |
2% (3/179) |
A separate 5-year, open-label study is ongoing to assess the recurrence of sBCC treated with Imiquimod Cream applied once daily 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Target tumor inclusion criteria were the same as for the studies described above. At 12-weeks post-treatment, subjects were clinically evaluated for evidence of persistent sBCC (no histological assessment). Subjects with no clinical evidence of sBCC entered the long-term follow-up period. At the 12 week posttreatment assessment, 90% (163/182) of the subjects enrolled had no clinical evidence of sBCC at their target site and 162 subjects entered the long-term follow-up period for up to 5 years. Two year (24 month) follow-up data are available from this study and are presented in the table below:
|
a Reasons for discontinuation included death, non-compliance, entry criteria violations, personal reasons, and treatment of nearby sBCC tumor. | ||||
|
b Estimated rate of subjects who clinically cleared and remained clear are estimated based on the time to event analysis employing the life table method beginning with the rate of clinical clearance at 12 weeks post-treatment. | ||||
| Follow-up visit after 12-week post-treatment assessment | No. of Subjects who remained clinically clear | No. of Subjects with sBCC recurrence | No. of Subjects who discontinued at this visit with no sBCCa | Estimated Rate of Subjects who Clinically Cleared and remained Clearb |
| Month 3 | 153 | 4 | 5 | 87% |
| Month 6 | 149 | 4 | 0 | 85% |
| Month 12 | 143 | 2 | 4 | 84% |
| Month 24 | 139 | 4 | 0 | 79% |
14.3 External Genital Warts
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, 209 otherwise healthy subjects 18 years of age and older with genital/perianal warts were treated with Imiquimod Cream or vehicle control 3 times per week for a maximum of 16 weeks. The median baseline wart area was 69 mm2 (range 8 to 5525 mm2). Subject accountability is shown in the figure below.
Figure 1: Subject Accountability (External Genital Warts)
Data on complete clearance are listed in the table below. The median time to complete wart clearance was 10 weeks.
| Treatment | Subjects with Complete Clearance of Warts |
Subjects Without Follow-up |
Subjects with Warts Remaining at Week 16 |
| Overall | |||
| Imiquimod Cream (n =109) | 54 (50%) | 19 (17%) | 36 (33%) |
| Vehicle (n =100) | 11 (11%) | 27 (27%) | 62 (62%) |
| Females | |||
| Imiquimod Cream (n =46) | 33 (72%) | 5 (11%) | 8 (17%) |
| Vehicle (n =40) | 8 (20%) | 13 (33%) | 19 (48%) |
| Males | |||
| Imiquimod Cream (n =63) | 21 (33%) | 14 (22%) | 28 (44%) |
| Vehicle (n =60) | 3 (5%) | 14 (23%) | 43 (72%) |
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
Imiquimod Cream, 5%, is supplied in single-use packets which contain 250 mg of the cream. Available as: box of 24 packets NDC 45802-076-62.
Store at 4 - 25°C (39 - 77°F).
Avoid freezing.
Keep out of reach of children.
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
See FDA-Approved Patient Labeling (17.7)
17.1 General Information: All Indications
Imiquimod Cream should be used as directed by a physician. [see Dosage and Administration (2)]
Imiquimod Cream is for external use only. Contact with the eyes, lips and nostrils should be avoided. [see Indications and Usage (1) and Dosage and Administration (2)]. The treatment area should not be bandaged or otherwise occluded. Partially-used packets should be discarded and not reused. The prescriber should demonstrate the proper application technique to maximize the benefit of Imiquimod Cream therapy.
It is recommended that patients wash their hands before and after applying Imiquimod Cream.
17.2 Local Skin Reactions: All Indications
Patients may experience local skin reactions during treatment with Imiquimod Cream (even with normal dosing). Potential local skin reactions include erythema, edema, vesicles, erosions/ulcerations, weeping/exudate, flaking/scaling/dryness, and scabbing/crusting. These reactions can range from mild to severe in intensity and may extend beyond the application site onto the surrounding skin. Patients may also experience application site reactions such as itching and/or burning. [see Adverse Reactions (6)]
Local skin reactions may be of such an intensity that patients may require rest periods from treatment. Treatment with Imiquimod Cream can be resumed after the skin reaction has subsided, as determined by the physician. Patients should contact their physician promptly if they experience any sign or symptom at the application site that restricts or prohibits their daily activity or makes continued application of the cream difficult.
Because of local skin reactions, during treatment and until healed, the treatment area is likely to appear noticeably different from normal skin. Localized hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation have been reported following use of Imiquimod Cream. These skin color changes may be permanent in some patients.
17.3 Systemic Reactions: All Indications
Patients may experience flu-like systemic signs and symptoms during treatment with Imiquimod Cream (even with normal dosing). Systemic signs and symptoms may include malaise, fever, nausea, myalgias and rigors. [see Adverse Reactions (6)] An interruption of dosing should be considered.
17.4 Patients Being Treated for Actinic Keratosis (AK)
Dosing is 2 times per week for a full 16 weeks, unless otherwise directed by the physician. However, the treatment period should not be extended beyond 16 weeks due to missed doses or rest periods. [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]
It is recommended that the treatment area be washed with mild soap and water 8 hours following Imiquimod Cream application.
Most patients using Imiquimod Cream for the treatment of AK experience erythema, flaking/scaling/dryness and scabbing/crusting at the application site with normal dosing. [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]
Use of sunscreen is encouraged, and patients should minimize or avoid exposure to natural or artificial sunlight (tanning beds or UVA/B treatment) while using Imiquimod Cream. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
Sub-clinical AK lesions may become apparent in the treatment area during treatment and may subsequently resolve. [see Clinical Studies (16.1)]
17.5 Patients Being Treated for Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma (sBCC)
Dosing is 5 times per week for a full 6 weeks, unless otherwise directed by the physician. However, the treatment period should not be extended beyond 6 weeks due to missed doses or rest periods. [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]
It is recommended that the treatment area be washed with mild soap and water 8 hours following Imiquimod Cream application. [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]
Most patients using Imiquimod Cream for the treatment of sBCC experience erythema, edema, induration, erosion, scabbing/crusting and flaking/scaling at the application site with normal dosing. [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]
Use of sunscreen is encouraged, and patients should minimize or avoid exposure to natural or artificial sunlight (tanning beds or UVA/B treatment) while using Imiquimod Cream. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]
The clinical outcome of therapy can be determined after resolution of application site reactions and/or local skin reactions.
Patients with sBCC treated with Imiquimod Cream should have regular follow-up to re-evaluate the treatment site. [see Clinical Studies (16.2)]
17.6 Patients Being Treated for External Genital Warts
Dosing is 3 times per week to external genital/perianal warts. Imiquimod Cream treatment should continue until there is total clearance of the genital/perianal warts or for a maximum of 16 weeks.
It is recommended that the treatment area be washed with mild soap and water 6-10 hours following Imiquimod Cream application.
It is common for patients to experience local skin reactions such as erythema, erosion, excoriation/flaking, and edema at the site of application or surrounding areas. Most skin reactions are mild to moderate.
Sexual (genital, anal, oral) contact should be avoided while Imiquimod Cream is on the skin.
Application of Imiquimod Cream in the vagina is considered internal and should be avoided. Female patients should take special care if applying the cream at the opening of the vagina because local skin reactions on the delicate moist surfaces can result in pain or swelling, and may cause difficulty in passing urine.
Uncircumcised males treating warts under the foreskin should retract the foreskin and clean the area daily.
New warts may develop during therapy, as Imiquimod Cream is not a cure.
The effect of Imiquimod Cream on the transmission of genital/perianal warts is unknown.
Imiquimod Cream may weaken condoms and vaginal diaphragms, therefore concurrent use is not recommended.
Should severe local skin reaction occur, the cream should be removed by washing the treatment area with mild soap and water.
17.7 FDA-Approved Patient Labeling
IMPORTANT: Not for mouth, eye, or vaginal use
Read the Patient Information that comes with Imiquimod Cream before you start using it and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This leaflet does not take the place of talking with your healthcare provider about your medical condition or treatment. If you do not understand the information, or have any questions about Imiquimod Cream, talk with your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
What is Imiquimod Cream?
Imiquimod Cream is a skin use only (topical) medicine used to treat:
- external genital and perianal warts in people 12 years and older
- actinic keratosis in adults with normal immune systems. Actinic keratosis is caused by too much sun exposure.
- superficial basal cell carcinoma in adults with normal immune systems when surgical methods are less appropriate. This skin cancer needs to be diagnosed by your healthcare provider.
Imiquimod Cream is used in different ways for the three different skin conditions it is used to treat. It is very important that you follow the instructions for your skin condition. Talk to your healthcare provider if you have questions.
Imiquimod Cream does not work for everyone. Imiquimod Cream will not cure your genital or perianal warts. New warts may develop during treatment with Imiquimod Cream. It is not known if Imiquimod Cream can stop you from spreading genital or perianal warts to other people. For your own health and the health of others, it is important to practice safer sex. Talk to your healthcare provider about safer sex practices.
Who should not use Imiquimod Cream?
- Imiquimod Cream has not been studied in children under 12 years old for external genital and perianal warts.
- Imiquimod Cream has not been studied in children under 18 years old for actinic keratosis or superficial basal cell carcinoma. Children usually do not get actinic keratoses or basal cell carcinoma.
Before using Imiquimod Cream, tell your healthcare provider:
- about all your medical conditions, including if you
- are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. It is not known if Imiquimod Cream can harm your unborn baby.
- are breastfeeding. It is not known if Imiquimod Cream passes into your milk and if it can harm your baby.
- about all the medicines you take including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins and herbal supplements. Especially tell your healthcare provider if you have had other treatments for genital or perianal warts, or actinic keratosis, or superficial basal cell carcinoma. Imiquimod Cream should not be used until your skin has healed from other treatments.
How should I use Imiquimod Cream?
- Use Imiquimod Cream exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Imiquimod Cream is for skin use only. Do not take by mouth or use in or near your eyes, lips or nostrils. Do not use Imiquimod Cream unless your healthcare provider has taught you the right way to use it. Talk to your healthcare provider if you have any questions.
- Imiquimod Cream is used for several skin conditions. Use Imiquimod Cream only on the area of your body to be treated. Your healthcare provider will tell you where to apply Imiquimod Cream and how often and for how long to apply it for your condition. Do not use Imiquimod Cream longer than prescribed. Using too much Imiquimod Cream, or using it too often, or for too long can increase your chances for having a severe skin reaction or other side effect. Talk to your healthcare provider if Imiquimod Cream does not work for you.
For external genital and perianal warts Imiquimod Cream is usually used once a day for 3 days a week:
- Monday, Wednesday and Friday, or
- Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday
For these conditions, Imiquimod Cream is usually left on the skin for 6 to 10 hours. Treatment should continue until the warts are completely gone, or up to 16 weeks.
For actinic keratosis Imiquimod Cream is usually used once a day for 2 days a week, 3 to 4 days apart, such as:
- Monday and Thursday, or
- Tuesday and Friday
For this condition, Imiquimod Cream is usually left on the skin for about 8 hours. Treatment should continue for the full 16 weeks even if all actinic keratoses appear to be gone, unless you are told otherwise by your healthcare provider. The area you treat with Imiquimod Cream should be no larger than approximately the size of your forehead or one cheek (for example 2 inches by 2 inches), unless otherwise directed by your healthcare provider.
For superficial basal cell carcinoma Imiquimod Cream is usually used once a day for 5 days a week:
- Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday
For this condition, Imiquimod Cream is usually left on the skin for about 8 hours. Your healthcare provider will show you how much Imiquimod Cream to apply to your superficial basal cell carcinoma. You should also apply Imiquimod Cream to a small area of skin all around the superficial basal cell carcinoma. This small area of skin should be about the size of your fingertip. Treatment should continue for the full 6 weeks, even if the superficial basal cell carcinoma appears to be gone, unless you are told otherwise by your healthcare provider.
Applying Imiquimod Cream
Imiquimod Cream should be applied just before your bedtime.
- Wash the area to be treated with mild soap and water. Allow the area to dry.
- Uncircumcised males treating warts under their penis foreskin must pull their foreskin back and clean before treatment, and clean daily during the weeks of treatment.
- Wash your hands
- Open a new packet of Imiquimod Cream just before use
- Apply a thin layer of Imiquimod Cream only to the affected area or areas to be treated. Do not use more Imiquimod Cream than is needed to cover the treatment area.
- Rub the cream in all the way to the affected area or areas.
- Do not get Imiquimod Cream in your eyes.
- Do not get Imiquimod Cream in the anus when applying to perianal warts.
- Female patients treating genital warts must be careful when applying Imiquimod Cream around the vaginal opening. Female patients should take special care if applying the cream at the opening of the vagina because local skin reactions on the delicate moist surfaces can cause pain or swelling, and may cause problems passing urine. Do not put Imiquimod Cream in your vagina or on the skin around the genital wart.
- Do not cover the treated area with an airtight bandage. Cotton gauze dressings can be used. Cotton underwear can be worn after applying Imiquimod Cream to the genital or perianal area.
- Safely throw away the open packet of Imiquimod Cream so that children and pets cannot get it. The open packet should be thrown away even if all the Imiquimod Cream was not completely used.
- After applying Imiquimod Cream, wash your hands well.
- Leave the cream on the affected area or areas for the time prescribed by your healthcare provider. The length of time that Imiquimod Cream is left on the skin is not the same for the different skin conditions that Imiquimod Cream is used to treat. Do not bathe or get the treated area wet before the right time has passed. Do not leave Imiquimod Cream on your skin longer than prescribed.
- After the right amount of time has passed, wash the treated area or areas with mild soap and water.
- If you forget to apply Imiquimod Cream, apply the missed dose of cream as soon as you remember and then continue on your regular schedule.
- If you get Imiquimod Cream in your mouth or in your eyes rinse well with water right away.
What should I avoid while using Imiquimod Cream?
- Do not cover the treated site with bandages or other closed dressings. Cotton gauze dressings are okay to use, if needed. Cotton underwear can be worn after treating the genital or perianal area.
- Do not apply Imiquimod Cream in or near the eyes, lips or nostrils, or in the vagina or anus.
- Do not use sunlamps or tanning beds, and avoid sunlight as much as possible during treatment with Imiquimod Cream. Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing if you go outside during daylight.
- Do not have sexual contact including genital, anal, or oral sex when Imiquimod Cream is on your genital or perianal skin. Imiquimod Cream may weaken condoms and vaginal diaphragms. This means they may not work as well to prevent pregnancy. For your own health and the health of others, it is important to practice safer sex. Talk to your healthcare provider about safer sex practices.
What are the possible side effects of Imiquimod Cream?
The most common side effects with Imiquimod Cream are skin reactions at the treatment site including:
- redness
- swelling
- a sore, blister, or ulcer
- skin that becomes hard or thickened
- skin peeling
- scabbing and crusting
- itching
- burning
- changes in skin color that do not always go away
Actinic Keratosis
During treatment and until the skin has healed, your skin in the treatment area is likely to appear noticeably different from normal skin. Side effects, such as redness, scabbing, itching and burning are common at the site where Imiquimod Cream is applied, and sometimes the side effects go outside of the area where Imiquimod Cream was applied. Swelling, small open sores and drainage may also be experienced with use of Imiquimod Cream. You may also experience itching and/or burning. Actinic keratoses that were not seen before may appear during treatment and may later go away. If you have questions regarding treatment or skin reactions, please talk with your healthcare provider.
Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
During treatment and until the skin has healed, your skin in the treatment area is likely to appear noticeably different from normal skin. Side effects, such as redness, swelling and a sore are common at the site where Imiquimod Cream is applied. You may also experience itching or burning. Your healthcare provider will need to check the area that was treated after your treatment is finished to make sure that the skin cancer is gone. Superficial basal cell carcinoma can come back. The chances of it coming back are higher as time passes. It is very important to have regular follow-up visits with your healthcare provider to check the area to make sure your skin cancer has not come back. Ask your healthcare provider how often you should have your skin checked. Talk with your healthcare provider if you have questions about your treatment or skin reactions.
External Genital and Perianal Warts
Patients should be aware that new warts may develop during treatment, as Imiquimod Cream is not a cure. Many people see reddening or swelling on or around the application site during the course of treatment. If you have questions regarding treatment or local skin reactions, please talk with your healthcare provider.
You have a higher chance for severe skin reactions if you use too much Imiquimod Cream or use it the wrong way. Stop Imiquimod Cream right away and call your healthcare provider if you get any skin reactions that affect your daily activities, or that do not go away. Sometimes, Imiquimod Cream must be stopped for a while to allow your skin to heal. Talk to your healthcare provider if you have questions about your treatment or skin reactions.
Other side effects of Imiquimod Cream include headache, back pain, muscle aches, tiredness, flu-like symptoms, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, and fungal infections.
If the reactions seem excessive, if either skin breaks down or sores develop during the first week of treatment, if flu-like symptoms develop or if you begin to not feel well at anytime, contact your healthcare provider.
These are not all the side effects of Imiquimod Cream. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
How do I store Imiquimod Cream?
- Store Imiquimod Cream at 39 - 77° F (4 - 25° C). Do not freeze.
- Safely throw away Imiquimod Cream that is out of date or that you do not need.
- Keep Imiquimod Cream and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about Imiquimod Cream
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for conditions that are not mentioned in patient information leaflets. Do not use Imiquimod Cream for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Imiquimod Cream to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have.
This leaflet summarizes the most important information about Imiquimod Cream. If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about Imiquimod Cream that is written for the healthcare provider. If you have other questions about Imiquimod Cream, call 1-800-328-0255.
What are the ingredients in Imiquimod Cream?
Active Ingredient: imiquimod
Inactive ingredients: isostearic acid, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, white petrolatum, polysorbate 60, sorbitan monostearate, glycerin, xanthan gum, purified water, benzyl alcohol, methylparaben, and propylparaben.
Manufactured by
3M Health Care Limited