盐酸多西环素
药物名称：盐酸多西环素
药物别名：强力霉素，脱氧土霉素，盐酸脱氧土霉素，伟霸霉素、去氧土霉素 Vibramycin，Monodoxin
英文名称：Doxycycline Hydrochloride
说明：片剂、胶囊剂：0.05g，0.1g；粉针剂：0.1g，0.2g(10mg=1万
功用作用： 四环素类抗生素。本品为广谱抑菌剂，高浓度时具杀菌作用。许多立克次体属、支原体属、衣原体属、非典型分枝杆菌属、螺旋体也对本品敏感。本品对革兰阳性菌作用优于革兰阴性菌，但肠球菌属对其耐药。
其他如放线菌属、炭疽杆菌、单核细胞增多性李斯特菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、奴卡菌属、弧菌、布鲁菌属、弯曲杆菌、耶尔森菌对本品敏感。本品对淋病奈瑟菌具一定抗菌活性，但耐青霉素的淋病奈瑟菌对多西环素也耐药。
多年来由于四环素类的广泛应用，临床常见病原菌对本品耐药现象严重，包括葡萄球菌等革兰阳性菌及多数革兰阴性杆菌。本品与四环素类抗生素不同品种之间存在交叉耐药。本品作用机制为药物能特异性与细菌核糖体30S亚基的A位置结合，抑制肽链的增长和影响细菌蛋白质的合成。
动物试验证实本品有致畸性。体外试验表明本品在一定浓度时有致突变的可能。
用于敏感菌所致上呼吸道感染、急性扁桃体炎、慢性支气管炎、尿路感染、胆管感染和菌痢等。亦用于斑疹伤寒、支原体肺炎、钩端螺旋体感染等。
1．本品作为选用药物之一可用于下列疾病：
(1)立克次体病，如流行性斑疹伤寒、地方性斑疹伤寒、洛矶山热、恙虫病和Q热。
(2)支原体属感染。
(3)衣原体属感染，包括鹦鹉热、性病、淋巴肉牙肿、非特异性尿道炎、输卵管炎、宫颈炎及沙眼。
(4)回归热。
(5)布鲁菌病。
(6)霍乱。
(7)兔热病。
(8)鼠疫。
(9)软下疳。
治疗布鲁菌病和鼠疫时需与氨基糖苷类联合应用。
2．由于目前常见致病菌对四环素类耐药现象严重，仅在病原菌对本品敏感时，方有应用指征。葡萄球菌属大多对本品耐药。
3．本品可用于对青霉素类过敏患者的破伤风、气性坏疽、雅司、梅毒、淋病和钩端螺旋体病以及放线菌属、李斯特菌感染。
4．可用于中、重度痤疮患者作为辅助治疗。 
用法用量：抗菌及抗寄生虫感染：成人，第一日100mg，每12小时1次，继以100～200mg，一日1次，或50～100mg，每12小时1次。淋病奈瑟菌性尿道炎和宫颈炎：一次100mg，每12小时1次。共7日。
非淋病奈瑟菌性尿道炎，由沙眼衣原体或解脲脲原体引起者，以及沙眼衣原体所致的单纯性尿道炎、宫颈炎或直肠感染：均为一次100mg，一日2次，疗程至少7日。梅毒：一次150mg，每12小时1次，疗程至少10日。8岁以上小儿第一日按体重2.2mg/kg，每12小时1次，继以按体重2.2～4.4mg/kg，一日1次，或按体重2.2mg/kg，每12小时1次。体重超过45kg的小儿用量同成人。 
[药物过量]本品无特异性拮抗药，药物过量时应给予催吐、洗胃及大量饮水及补液等对症治疗及支持治疗。
注意事项：妊娠D类。孕妇、哺乳期妇女、儿童、对四环素类药物过敏者禁用。与食物或牛乳同服会减轻胃肠道反应。轻度肝肾功能不全患者，不必调整剂量。严重肝肾功能障碍患者慎用。
有四环素类药物过敏史者禁用。
1．应用本品时可能发生耐药菌的过度繁殖。一旦发生二重感染，即停用本品并予以相应治疗。
2．治疗性病时，如怀疑同时合并梅毒螺旋体感染，用药前须行暗视野显微镜检查及血清学检查，后者每月1次，至少4次。
3．长期用药时应定期随访检查血常规以及肝功能。
4．肾功能减退患者可应用本品，不必调整剂量，应用本品时通常亦不引起血尿素氮的升高。
5．本品可与食品、牛奶或含碳酸盐饮料同服。
[孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药]本品可透过胎盘屏障进入胎儿体内，沉积在牙齿和骨的钙质区内，引起胎儿牙齿变色、牙釉质再生不良及抑制胎儿骨骼生长，该类药物在动物实验中有致畸胎作用，因此孕妇不宜应用。
本品可自乳汁分泌，乳汁中浓度较高，哺乳期妇女应用时应暂停哺乳。
[儿童用药] 8岁以下儿童禁用。

【原产地英文商品名】VIBRAMYCIN 100mg/cap 50caps/bottle
【原产地英文药品名】DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE
【中文参考商品译名】
注：以下产品不同规格和不同价格，购买时请以电话咨询为准！
·VIBRAMYCIN 50毫克/胶囊 50胶囊/瓶
·VIBRAMYCIN 100毫克/胶囊 50胶囊/瓶
【中文参考药品译名】盐酸多西环素
【生产厂家中文参考译名】辉瑞
【生产厂家英文名】Pfizer
Vibramycin
Generic Name: doxycycline (DOX i SYE kleen)
Brand Names: Adoxa, Alodox, Avidoxy, Doryx, Monodox, Oracea, Oraxyl, Periostat, Vibra-Tabs, Vibramycin, Vibramycin Calcium, Vibramycin Monohydrate

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What is Vibramycin (doxycycline)?
Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic. It fights bacteria in the body.

Doxycycline is used to treat many different bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infections, acne, gonorrhea, and chlamydia, periodontitis (gum disease), and others.

Doxycycline is also used to treat blemishes, bumps, and acne-like lesions caused by rosacea. Doxycycline will not treat facial redness caused by rosacea.

Doxycycline may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

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What is the most important information I should know about Vibramycin (doxycycline)?
Do not use this medication if you are pregnant. It could cause harm to the unborn baby, including permanent discoloration of the teeth later in life. Doxycycline can make birth control pills less effective. Use a second method of birth control while you are taking doxycycline to keep from getting pregnant. Doxycycline passes into breast milk and may affect bone and tooth development in a nursing baby. Do not take this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Do not use this medication if you are allergic to doxycycline, or to similar medicines such as demeclocycline (Declomycin), minocycline (Dynacin, Minocin, Solodyn, Vectrin), or tetracycline (Brodspec, Panmycin, Sumycin, Tetracap). Before taking doxycycline, tell your doctor if you have liver or kidney disease. You may not be able to take doxycycline, or you may need a dose adjustment or special tests during treatment. Do not give doxycycline to a child younger than 8 years old. Doxycycline can cause permanent yellowing or graying of the teeth, and it can affect a child's growth. Throw away any unused doxycycline when it expires or when it is no longer needed. Do not take any doxycycline after the expiration date printed on the bottle. Expired doxycycline can cause a dangerous syndrome resulting in damage to the kidneys.

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What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Vibramycin (doxycycline)?
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to doxycycline, or to similar medicines such as demeclocycline (Declomycin), minocycline (Dynacin, Minocin, Solodyn, Vectrin), or tetracycline (Brodspec, Panmycin, Sumycin, Tetracap). If you have liver or kidney disease, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take doxycycline.

If you are using doxycycline to treat gonorrhea, your doctor may test you to make sure you do not also have syphilis, another sexually transmitted disease.

Do not use doxycycline syrup (Vibramycin) without first talking to your doctor if you have asthma or are allergic to sulfites.

FDA pregnancy category D. This medication can cause harm to an unborn baby, including permanent discoloration of the teeth later in life. Do not use doxycycline without your doctor's consent if you are pregnant. Tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment. Doxycycline can make birth control pills less effective. Use a non-hormonal method of birth control (such as a condom, diaphragm, spermicide) to prevent pregnancy while you are taking doxycycline. Doxycycline passes into breast milk and may affect bone and tooth development in a nursing infant. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Children younger than 8 years old should not take doxycycline. Doxycycline can cause permanent tooth discoloration and can also affect a child's growth

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How should I take Vibramycin (doxycycline)?
Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Take doxycycline with a full glass of water (8 ounces).

You may take this medication with or without food. Do not take the medication with milk or other dairy products, unless your doctor has told you to. Dairy products can make it harder for your body to absorb the medicine. Certain brands of doxycycline may not have restrictions about taking them with dairy products. If your doctor has instructed you to take doxycycline with milk, tell your pharmacist that you need a brand of doxycycline that can be taken with milk.

Do not crush, break, or open a delayed-release capsule (Orecea). Swallow the pill whole. It is specially made to release medicine slowly in the body. Breaking or opening the pill would cause too much of the drug to be released at one time. Shake the oral suspension (liquid) well just before you measure a dose. To be sure you get the correct dose, measure the liquid with a marked measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one. Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated. Doxycycline will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu. Do not give this medicine to another person, even if they have the same condition you have.

If you need to have any type of surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are taking doxycycline. You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time.

Throw away any unused doxycycline when it expires or when it is no longer needed. Do not take any doxycycline after the expiration date printed on the label. Using expired doxycycline can cause damage to your kidneys. Store this medication at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

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What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

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What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

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What should I avoid while taking Vibramycin (doxycycline)?
Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, which may be a sign of a new infection. If you have diarrhea that is watery or has blood in it, call your doctor. Do not use any medicine to stop the diarrhea unless your doctor has told you to.

Avoid exposure to sunlight or artificial UV rays (sunlamps or tanning beds). Doxycycline can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight and sunburn may result. Use a sunscreen (minimum SPF 15) and wear protective clothing if you must be out in the sun. Do not take iron supplements, multivitamins, calcium supplements, antacids, or laxatives within 2 hours before or after taking doxycycline.

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Vibramycin (doxycycline) side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using doxycycline and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
severe headache, dizziness, blurred vision;
fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms;
severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash;
urinating less than usual or not at all;
pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, confusion or weakness;
severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, nausea and vomiting, fast heart rate;
loss of appetite, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or
easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness.

Less serious side effects may include:
swollen tongue, trouble swallowing;
mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or stomach upset;
white patches or sores inside your mouth or on your lips;
sores or swelling in your rectal or genital area; or
vaginal itching or discharge.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088

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What other drugs will affect Vibramycin (doxycycline)?
Before taking doxycycline, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following drugs:
cholesterol-lowering medications such as cholestyramine (Prevalite, Questran) or colestipol (Colestid);
isotretinoin (Accutane);
tretinoin (Renova, Retin-A, Vesanoid);
an antacid such as Tums, Rolaids, Milk of Magnesia, Maalox, and others;
a product that contains bismuth subsalicylate such as Pepto-Bismol;
minerals such as iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and over-the-counter vitamin and mineral supplements;
a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin); or
a penicillin antibiotic such as amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox, others), penicillin (BeePen-VK, Pen-Vee K, Veetids, others), dicloxacillin (Dynapen), oxacillin (Bactocill), and others.

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with doxycycline. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

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Where can I get more information?
Your pharmacist can provide more information about doxycycline.

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.