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曲洛司坦胶囊(MODRENAL,TRILOSTANE)

2011-12-21 23:57:37  作者:新特药房  来源:中国新特药网天津分站  浏览次数:552  文字大小:【】【】【
简介: 曲洛斯坦【英文名】Trilostane【别名】腈环乙雄烷、Modrenal适应症:晚期乳腺癌的治疗。注册分类: 化药3+3类剂型及规格: 胶囊,60mg、120mg用法用量: 口服,每日一次,每次 1粒。原研单位:生技公司 ...
关键字:曲洛司坦胶囊

曲洛斯坦
【英文名】Trilostane
【别名】腈环乙雄烷、Modrenal
适应症:晚期乳腺癌的治疗。
注册分类: 化药3+3类
剂型及规格: 胶囊,60mg、120mg
用法用量: 口服,每日一次,每次 1粒。
原研单位:生技公司
                           
曲洛司坦本身没有激素活性,其治疗相关副反应较少,安全性和耐受性颇好。曲洛司坦除能降低雌激素的生产外,还可调节雌激素对不同亚型雌激素受体的结合,同时显现α-雌激素受体抑制剂和β-雌激素受体激动剂的双重效应,最终阻滞和改变雌激素对癌细胞的负性影响。曲洛司坦独特的作用模式不仅使它区别于现有的其他抗雌激素药物,而且也是它对经其他抗雌激素疗法治疗失败或耐药乳腺癌仍然高度有效的药理学基础。

曲洛斯坦 用途与合成方法

适应症 曲洛斯坦可以抑制皮质激素合成过程中的3β-脱氢酶,使皮质醇、醛固酮合成减少,临床用于治疗库欣综合征(皮质醇增多症)和原发性醛固酮增多症,但治疗库欣综合征(皮质醇增多症)的疗效不如美替拉酮。本品也有明显的降低血睾酮水平作用,可能与抑制其合成有关。
治疗历史 曲洛斯坦即4α,5α-环氧-2-氰基-雄甾-2-烯-3,17β-二醇,能可逆性地抑制肾上腺皮质中的3β-羟基甾体脱氢酶和△5,4-异构酶,由此阻滞盐皮质激素及糖皮质激素的生物合成,1980年在英国获准治疗醛固酮过多症和皮质醇过多症,1985年在美国获准治疗库欣氏综合征即肾上腺皮质机能亢进症。鉴于老年动物,尤是老年狗易患库欣氏综合征,而曲洛司坦可以缓解90%以上狗的此病症状,并提高它们的生活质量,所以该药在英国也被准予兽用。

曲洛斯坦本身没有激素活性,故其副反应较少,安全性和耐受性也特别好。
作用机制 乳腺癌属激素依赖性肿瘤,而雌激素则是此癌细胞生长的主要驱动因子。因此,乳腺癌的现代主要疗法之一就是靶向雌激素,通过抑制雌激素生产或在其作用位点即雌激素受体环节阻断雌激素的作用。原来一直认为雌激素受体仅是单一受体,然而最近研究已经鉴别它至少存在α和β两种亚型。其中雌激素结合α-雌激素受体后能够刺激细胞生长,但与β-雌激素受体结合却会下调α-雌激素受体,减缓细胞增殖速率。

研究揭示,曲洛斯坦除能降低雌激素的生产外,还可调节雌激素对不同亚型雌激素受体的结合,同时显现α-雌激素受体抑制剂和β-雌激素受体激动剂的双重效应,最终阻滞和改变雌激素对癌细胞的负性影响。曲洛斯坦独特的作用模式不仅使它区别于现有的其他抗雌激素药物,而且也是它对经其他抗雌激素疗法治疗失败或耐药乳腺癌仍然高度有效的药理学基础。 

治疗晚期乳腺癌 乳腺癌都是妇女最常见的肿瘤类型。

目前,对绝经后激素受体阳性或不明类型乳腺癌患者,临床一致推荐首选抗雌激素药物予以治疗,而此疗法在延缓患者疾病进展、提高存活时间方面的作用也早已得到大量研究的肯定与确认。

由生技公司Bioenvision开发的曲洛斯坦(商品名Modrenal)新药已经上市,用于治疗激素选择性癌症已扩散到乳腺外的绝经后女性,该药用两种方式来减慢疾病进展。对激素敏感性乳癌,雌激素通过作用于两种受体促进癌细胞生长,雌激素受体а象癌症加速器,雌激素受体β则是制动器。Modrenal加强了雌激素对雌激素受体β的吸附,而减弱了对雌激素受体а的作用。同时它还作用于细胞DNA上另一个位点AP1来减少细胞增殖。

部分中文曲洛司坦处方资料(仅供参考)
分类名称 
一级分类:内分泌系统药物 二级分类:肾上腺皮质激素类药 三级分类: 
                  
药品英文名
Trilostane
                  
药品别名
腈环乙雄烷、Modrenal
                  
药物剂型
胶囊:60mg。
                  
药理作用
主要抑制皮质激素合成过程中的3β-脱氢酶,使皮质醇、醛固酮合成减少。本品也有明显的降低血睾酮水平作用,可能与抑制其合成有关。
药动学
本品口服吸收容易,血药浓度高峰约4h,代谢产物主要经尿排出。
                  
适应证
主要用于治疗库欣综合征(皮质醇增多症)和原发性醛固酮增多症,但治疗库欣综合征(皮质醇增多症)的疗效不如美替拉酮。
                  
禁忌证
肝、肾功能不良及孕妇不宜使用。
                  
注意事项
用药期间应监测血皮质醇水平、电解质和血压。出现应激时应停药,必要时补充皮质激素。如同时使用保钾利尿药要注意发生高钾血症。
                  
不良反应
不良反应较轻,部分病人可有脸红、恶心、呕吐、腹泻和胃肠不适。
                  
用法用量
口服,每次60mg,2次/d。3~7天后,可根据病人对疗效反应调整剂量。一般的剂量范围是120~360mg/d,最大不超过480mg。

 

MODRENAL
Drug Class Description :
Steroid synthesis inhibitors.
Generic Name :
Trilostane - neoplasticdisordersDrugdescription :
Each Modrenal capsule contains either 60 mg or 120 mg Trilostane (4?, 5-epoxy -17? - hydroxy -3 -OXO -5? -androstane -2? -carbonitrile.) Presentation :
60 mg capsules: opaque pink/black Size 3 hard gelatine capsules marked with 60 on one end. 120 mg capsules: opaque pink/yellow Size 1 hard gelatine capsules marked with 120 on one end Indications :
(a) For the control of the manifestation of adrenal cortical hyperfunction in such conditions as hypercortisolism and primary aldosteronism. (b) For the treatment of postmenopausal advanced breast cancer following relapse to initial hormone therapy e.g. oestrogen receptor antagonists.
Adult Dosage :
Modrenal for oral administration only.
Adrenal Cortical Hyperfunction - 240 mg/day in divided doses for at least three days, then dose adjustment according to the patient's clinical response and appropriate biochemical monitoring.
The usual dose is 120–480 mg/day but may be increased to 960 mg.
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer - The daily dose given in divided doses should increase stepwise every three days from 240 mg to 480 mg to 720 mg to 960 mg. This dose should be maintained but if it cannot be tolerated it may be reduced to 720 mg/day.
From the start of Trilostanetherapyaphysiologicalreplacementdoseofaglucocorticoid (e.g. Hydrocortisone 30 mg/day in divided dosesshouldbegiventopreventactivation of the HPA axis.
Elderly - There are no special dosage recommendations.
Child Dosage :
Not recommended.
Contra Indications :
Trilostane is contraindicated in pregnancy and children.
Special Precautions :
Pregnancy should be excluded before beginning treatment and nonhormonal contraceptive methods should be used during therapy where appropriate.
As with all drugs that are metabolised by the liver and excreted by the kidney, caution should be exercised when treating patients with gross hepatic or renal impairment. It is advisable to monitor response when treating adrenal
cortical hyperfunction, by regular assays of blood electrolytes and circulating corticosteroids, and adjust the dose accordingly. In some patients the suppression of aldosterone production may cause hyperkalaemia and hyponatraemia with subsequent hypotension – under these circumstances a mineralocorticoid should be given, e.g.
Fludro-cortisone 0.1 mg/day. In other patients it is possibletoproducecorticosteroid insufficiency, especially if the production of ACTH is limited, and thenaglucocorticoid may be necessary.
When treating hypercortisolism due to excess ACTH production (whether ectopic or pituitary),aninitialresponsemaybefollowedbyarelapseifthehypophyseal/pituitary/

adrenal (HPA) axis is still intact and is not suppressed. If, however, the excessive steroid production is due to an adrenal cortical tumour, or the HPA axis is no longer abletorespondtoloweredlevelsofcirculatingglucocorticoids, the condition will remain responsive to Trilostane.
Interactions :
When administered concurrently with thiazide diuretics the inhibition ofaldosterone production caused by Trilostane reduces potassium loss whilst maintaining the natriuretic effect.
Adverse Reactions :
Flushing, tingling in mouth, palatal swelling, rhinorrhoea, sickness, vomiting, diarrhoea, and cramps have been reported commonly. These are generally mild and reversible on adjusting dose, administering with food, stopping therapy and/or symptomatic treatment (e.g. antacid, antidiarrhoeal with a small dose of aspirin). More severe signs of stomach upset, e.g. bleeding or ulcer, usually occur with concurrent administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs –
reducing the dose of these latter drugs and/or adding an H2 blocker will usually resolve these problems.
Skin rashes can occur occasionally but are usually self limiting.
Very rarely, in cancer patients whose bone marrow is compromised by disease or chemotherapy, granulocytopenia has been reported - it is reversible on stopping therapy.
Manufacturer :
Genzyme Therapeutics Drug Availability :
(POM) Drug Updated :
03 June 2009
---------------------------------------------------------------
原产地英文药品名:
TRILOSTANE
中文参考商品译名:
MODRENAL 120毫克/胶囊 100胶囊/盒
中文参考药品译名:
曲洛司坦
生产厂家中文参考译名:
健赞
生产厂家英文名:
Genzyme
---------------------------------------------------------------
原产地英文药品名:
TRILOSTANE
中文参考商品译名:
MODRENAL 60毫克/胶囊 100胶囊/盒
中文参考药品译名:
曲洛司坦
生产厂家中文参考译名:
健赞
生产厂家英文名:
Genzyme

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