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英文药名: Keflex (Cephalexin)
中文药名: 头孢氨苄,头孢菌素Ⅳ,先锋霉素Ⅳ,头孢力新,苯甘孢霉素,西保力
药品名称
【别名】头孢氨苄、苯甘孢霉素、苯苷孢霉素、苯甘头孢菌素、苯甘头孢霉素、苯苷头孢霉素、赐福力辛、斯宝力克、水头孢氨苄、头孢氨苄一水化物、头孢4号、头孢Ⅳ号、头孢菌素Ⅳ、头孢菌素4号、头孢菌素Ⅳ号、头孢立新、头孢力新、头孢四号、西保力、先锋4号、先锋Ⅳ号、先锋4号一水化物、先锋霉素Ⅳ、先锋霉素4号、先锋四号、先锋四号水化物、先锋四号一水化物、一水头孢氨苄、Cefalexin、Brisoral、Cefalexin Monohydrate、Cefalexinum、Cephalexin、Cephalexin Monohydrate、Ceporex、Keflex、Madlexin、Sporidex
适应症
本品为半合成的第一代口服头孢霉素，抗菌谱与头孢噻吩、头孢噻啶基本相同，抗菌效力较两者弱，但本品的特点是耐酸，口服吸收良好。对耐药金葡菌有良好抗菌作用。
主要用于敏感菌所致的呼吸道感染、泌尿道感染、妇产科感染、皮肤及软组织感染、淋病等。也常用于中耳炎。
用法用量
口服：成人，0.25g～1g/次，3～4次/日。
儿童，每日30mg～100mg/kg，分4次。或遵医嘱!
不良反应
发生率为8.2%。
1 过敏反应：对青霉素过敏者，也可发生过敏反应，但发生率较低。口服可致过敏性休克。主要有皮疹、全身皮肤瘙痒、药物热、龟头溃烂等。口服可致表皮坏死型松解型药物皮炎。
2 常见有胃肠道反应（4.3%）如恶心、呕吐、胃痛、腹泻、食欲减退、便秘等。
3 常规量对肾功能影响极少，但过高剂量时亦可出现血尿、血肌酐升高和嗜酸性粒细胞增多，停药后可迅速恢复。
4 其他可见会阴激惹（1%）、头痛（0.8%）、心律失常。偶见血清转氨酶升高，Coombs试验阳性等。
注意事项
1 同时服用丙磺舒可提高疗效。
2 饭后服药影响吸收，使疗效减低50%，宜空腹服用。
3 对青霉素过敏者慎用。对头孢菌素过敏者禁用。
4 肾功能严重损害者应酌减用量。
药物相互作用
小儿（1岁3个月）与庆大霉素联用可引起急性肾功能衰竭。
Keflex (Cephalexin) belongs to a class of antibiotics called cephalosporins. They are similar to penicillin in action and side effects. They stop or slow the growth of bacterial cells by preventing bacteria from forming the cell wall that surrounds each cell. The cell wall protects bacteria from the external environment and keeps the contents of the cell together. Without a cell wall, bacteria are not able to survive. Bacteria that are susceptible to cephalexin include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli and several others.
Storage:
Tablets and capsules should be stored at room temperature, 15-30°C (59-86°F). Suspensions should be refrigerated and discarded after 14 days.
Use:
Keflex (Cephalexin) is used to treat infections caused by bacteria that are susceptible to the effects of cephalexin. Common infections that are treated with cephalexin include infections of the middle ear, tonsils, throat, larynx (laryngitis), bronchi (bronchitis) and pneumonia. It also is used for treating urinary tract, skin, and bone infections.
Dosing:
The dose of Keflex for adults is 1 to 4 grams in divided doses. Children are treated with 25-100 mg/kg/day in divided doses. The dosing interval may be every 6 or 12 hours depending on the infection.
Interactions:
Serious interactions of Keflex with other drugs are uncommon.
Side effects:
The most common side effects of Keflex are diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headaches, dizziness, skin rash, fever, abnormal liver tests and vaginitis. Individuals who are allergic to penicillin may also be allergic to cephalexin.
Keflex (Cephalexin), like almost all antibiotics, may cause mild or severe cases of pseudomembranous colitis, a mild to severe inflammation of the colon. Antibiotics, including cephalexin alter the normal flora of the colon and permit overgrowth of a bacterium called Clostridium difficile. Studies indicate that a toxin produced by Clostridium difficile is a primary cause of pseudomembranous colitis.
包装规格：
250mg *100 胶囊
500mg *100 胶囊
125mg *100 片
250mg *100 片
375mg *100 缓释片
500mg *100 胶囊
750mg *100 缓释片
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