英文药名: Sustiva(efavirenz)

中文药名: 依非韦伦, 依法韦恩茨

生产厂家: Bristol Meyers Squibb

给药说明

【药物名称】依法韦仑（英文：Efavirenz），依法韦恩茨 Efavirenz

药理毒理
依法韦恩茨(efavirenz)是1998年9月FDA批准在美国上市的非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTI)，是治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)的特效药，商品名为SUSTIVA。由于单用一种NNRTI时能很快产生耐药病毒，因此本品通常与其它的抗逆转录酶病毒药物联合应用。本品是人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)的NNRTI，主要作用是非竞争性地抑制HIV-1的逆转录酶，而对HIV-2逆转录酶和人体细胞DNA的α，β，γ，δ多聚酶没有抑制作用。

适应症
本品应与其它的抗逆转录酶病毒药物联合使用，治疗HIV-1感染。

用法用量　
成人：建议剂量600mg，每日一次，口服。与蛋白酶抑制剂或/和核苷逆转录酶抑制剂合用。 　　
儿童：年龄在3岁以上，体重10～40kg者，建议本品剂量为200～400mg；体重高于40kg者，建议剂量600mg，每日一次，口服。 　　
本品可以与食物同服，但高脂肪的食物可增加本品的吸收，应避免。
为了增加患者对神经系统不良反应的耐受性，开始治疗的2～4周或已经出现不良反应症状且继续用药的患者，建议在临就寝前服用。
任何疑问，请遵医嘱！

不良反应
本品最重要的不良反应是神经系统症状和皮疹。 　　
神经系统症状：眩晕、嗜睡、失眠、多梦、思维异常、注意力分散、记忆力减退、焦虑、幻觉、欣快等.　皮疹.　　
偶见的其它不良反应有：口干、耳鸣、复视、嗅觉味觉异常、面色潮红、心悸、心动过速、血栓性静脉炎、关节痛、哮喘、脱发、转氨酶升高、肝炎、胆固醇升高等。

药物相互作用
本品不应同时与阿司咪唑、西沙必利、咪达唑仑、三唑仑或麦角碱衍生物合用，因为本品可抑制这些药物代谢而存在严重的、或危及生命的不良反应。

注意事项　
禁用于对本品的任何成分过敏者。　
单用一种NNRITs治疗HIV时，病毒能很快产生耐药，因此本品不应作为单一药物治疗HIV或单位使用于治疗失败的病例。应与至少一种患者从未应用过的其它抗逆转录酶病毒药物联合应用。

SUSTIVA (EFAVIRENZ) 600 MG 30 TABLETS
Product Description
Sustiva is an HIV medication. It is in a category of HIV medicines called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Sustiva prevents HIV from entering the nucleus of healthy CD4 cells. This prevents the cells from producing new virus and decreases the amount of virus in the body.
Sustiva was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HIV in 1998. It was originally produced by DuPont Pharmaceuticals and is now manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb for sale in the United States, Canada, and certain countries of the European Union. In Europe and many other parts of the world, Sustiva has a different brand name: Stocrin. Stocrin is manufactured by Merck Sharp and Dohme. Stocrin and Sustiva are the same drug.
All of the available nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors can be combined safely with Sustiva.
Sustiva can reduce the amount of various protease inhibitors in the bloodstream, including Reyataz (atazanavir), Invirase (saquinavir), Crixivan (indinavir), Kaletra, Agenerase and Lexiva (fosamprenavir). Sustiva can increase the amount of Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir), Viracept (nelfinavir) and Norvir (ritonavir) in the bloodstream. And when Sustiva and Norvir are combined, Sustiva levels also increase in the bloodstream. If Sustiva is taken with Invirase, Kaletra, Crixivan, or Lexiva, their doses may need to be increased or they may need to be combined with a low dose of Norvir (e.g., 100 mg) to help maintain necessary drug levels in the bloodstream. Because of reduced Reyataz blood levels when combined with Sustiva, people who are treatment experienced should not combine the two drugs. People who are new to antiretroviral treatment may combine the drugs, provided that they take 400 mg of Reyataz along with 100 mg of Norvir.
Sustiva can interact with oral contraceptives/birth control pills (ethinyl estradiol). Sustiva increases the amount of ethinyl estradiol in the bloodstream. No alternative has been recommended. Women should use a reliable form of barrier contraception, such as a condom or diaphragm, even if they also use other methods of birth control.
Many patients have dizziness, trouble sleeping, drowsiness, trouble concentrating, and/or unusual dreams a few hours after starting treatment with Sustiva. These feeling may be less noticeable if you take Sustiva at bedtime. They also tend to go away after you've taken the medicine for a few weeks. If you have these side effects, such as dizziness, it does not mean that you will also have severe depression, strange thoughts or angry behavior. Tell your doctor promptly if any of these side effects continue or if they bother you. There is the possibility that these symptoms may be more severe if Sustiva is used with alcohol or mood-altering (recreational) drugs. You should also avoid driving or operating machinery if you are having these side effects. Check out our lesson on Tips & Tricks on Taking Sustiva to learn more.
A small number of patients have had severe depression, strange thoughts, or angry behavior while taking Sustiva. Some patients have had thoughts of suicide and a few patients have actually committed suicide. These problems tend to occur more often in patients with a history of mental illness. You should contact your doctor immediately if you think you are having these symptoms, so your doctor can decide whether you should continue to take Sustiva.
Rash is another common side effect of Sustiva. These rashes usually go away without any change in treatment. In a small number of patients, rash may be serious. If you develop rash, call your doctor as soon as possible.
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产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
SUSTIVA 600mg/tab 30tabs/bottle
原产地英文药品名:
EFAVIRENZ
中文参考商品译名:
SUSTIVA 600毫克/片 30片/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
依非韦伦
生产厂家中文参考译名:
百时美施贵宝
生产厂家英文名:
Bristol Myers-Squibb