部分中文地塞米松处方资料(仅供参考)
药品名称
药物名称: 地塞米松
药物别名: 氟甲去氢氢化可的松、氟美松,DEXASONE,DECADRON,ORADEXONE,HEXADROL
英文名称: Dexamethasone
规格
醋酸地塞米松片:每片0.5mg, 0.75mg, 2mg, 4mg。
药理毒理
肾上腺皮质激素类药,其抗炎、抗过敏、抗休克作用比泼尼松更显著,而对水钠潴留和促进排钾作用很轻,对垂体-肾上腺抑制作用较强。
1.抗炎作用:
本产品可减轻和防止组织对炎症的反应,从而减轻炎症的表现。激素抑制炎症细胞,包括巨噬细胞和白细胞在炎症部位的集聚,并抑制吞噬作用、溶酶体酶的释放以及炎症化学中介物的合成和释放。可以减轻和防止组织对炎症的反应,从而减轻炎症的表现。
2. 免疫抑制作用:
包括防止或抑制细胞介导的免疫反应,延迟性的过敏反应,减少T淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性细胞的数目,降低免疫球蛋白与细胞表面受体的结合能力,并抑制白介素的合成与释放,从而降低T淋巴细胞向淋巴母细胞转化,并减轻原发免疫反应的扩展。可降低免疫复合物通过基底膜,并能减少补体成分及免疫球蛋白的浓度。
药代动力学
本品极易自消化道吸收,其血浆T1/2为190分钟,组织T1/2为3日。血浆蛋白结合率较其他皮质激素类药物为低。
适应症
本品的抗炎作用及控制皮肤过敏的作用比没尼松更显著,而对水钠潴留和促进排钾作用较轻微,对垂体-肾上腺皮质的抑制作用较强。血浆蛋白结合率低,生物t1/2约190分钟,组织t1/2约为3日。肌注地塞米松磷酸钠或醋酸地塞米松,分别于1或8小时达血浆高峰浓度。应用同泼尼松。
用法用量
口服,1日0.75~6mg,分2~4次服用。维持剂量1日0.5~0.75mg。肌注(醋酸地塞米松注射液),1次8~16mg,间隔2~3周1次。静滴(地塞米松磷酸钠注射液),每次2~20mg,或遵医嘱。
不良反应
本品较大剂量易引起糖尿病、消化道溃疡和类柯兴综合征症状,对下丘脑 -垂体-肾上腺轴抑制作用较强。并发感染为主要的不良反应。
禁忌症
对本品及肾上腺皮质激素类药物有过敏史患者禁用。高血压、血栓症、胃与十二指肠溃疡、精神病、电解质代谢异常、心肌梗塞、内脏手术、青光眼等患者一般不宜使用。特殊情况下权衡利弊使用,但应注意病情恶化的可能。
注意事项
(1)较大量服用,易引起糖尿及类柯兴综合征。
(2)长期服用,较易引起精神症状及精神病,有癔病史及精神病史者最好不用。
(3)溃疡病、血栓性静脉炎、活动性肺结核、肠吻合手术后病人忌用或慎用。
妊娠哺乳期妇女用药
妊娠期妇女使用可增加胎盘功能不全、新生儿体重减少或死胎的发生率,动物试验有致畸作用,应权衡利弊使用。乳母接受大剂量给药,则不应哺乳,防止药物经乳汁排泄,造成婴儿生长抑制、肾上腺功能抑制等不良反应。
儿童用药
小儿如使用肾上腺皮质激素,须十分慎重,用激素可抑制患儿的生长和发育,如确有必要长期使用时,应使用短效或中效制剂,避免使用长效地塞米松制剂。并观察颅内压的变化。
老年患者用药
易产生高血压,老年患者尤其是更年期后的女性使用易发生骨质疏松。
药物相互作用
1. 与巴比妥类、苯妥因、利福平同服,本品代谢促进作用减弱。
2. 与水杨酸类药合用,增加其毒性。
3. 可减弱抗凝血剂、口服降糖药作用,应调整剂量。
4. 与利尿剂(保钾利尿剂除外)合用可引起低血钾症,应注意用量。
What is Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Solution?
Dexamethasone ophthalmic solution is a corticosteroid medication indicated for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions in the eyes.
What are the benefits?
* Decreases inflammation in the eye
* Convenient easy-dose dropper bottle
* Lessens burning and redness
Dexamethasone ophthalmic solution is prescribed to decrease inflammation due to conditions such as conjunctivitis (inflammation of the lining of the lids) and some types of keratitis (inflammation of the cornea).
How does Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Solution work?
It is a synthetic corticosteroid that that blocks the production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions.
Is there a generic equivalent available?
Dexamethasone ophthalmic solution is a generic medication.
How is it given?
Always follow the dosage instructions provided by your veterinarian. If you have difficulty applying the medication, contact your veterinarian.
If discharge is present, the area should be cleansed with a sterile eyewash solution prior to applying Dexamethasone ophthalmic solution.
Shake the solution well before using. Place one hand under and around your pet's chin and lift upward, so the pet's eyes are looking towards the ceiling. Rest your other hand, holding the bottle, on top of the pet's head. Be sure the tip of the bottle is pointed away from your pet's eye so if your pet jerks, the tip will not injure the eye. Hold the bottle about one inch from the eye. Squeeze the drops into the corner of the eye, taking care not to touch the dropper to the eye surface. Continue to hold the head back for a moment while the drops disperse over the whole eye surface.
Always wash your hands before and after applying this medication. If you are applying more than one medication to the eye, allow 5 minutes between applications so one medication is not washed out by the next. Be sure not to interchange the caps of the medications.
This medication should only be given to the pet for whom it was prescribed.
What results can I expect?
Dexamethasone ophthalmic solution should help decrease eye inflammation (redness). If doses are missed or the entire treatment regimen is not completed, your pet's symptoms could recur or worsen. Consult your veterinarian if your pet's condition does not improve or worsens after beginning treatment with Dexamethasone ophthalmic solution.
What form(s) does it come in?
Ophthalmic Solution
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原产地英文商品名:
DEXAMETHASONE 0.1% EYE DROP(DECADRON GENERIC) 5MLS/BOTTLE
原产地英文药品名:
DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE
中文参考商品译名:
地塞米松0.1%滴眼剂(DECADRON仿制药) 5毫升/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
地塞米松磷酸钠
产地国家: 美国
该药品相关信息网址1:
www.drugs.com/cdi/decadron.html
该药品相关信息网址2:
www.rxlist.com/decadron-drug.htm
该药品相关信息网址3:
http://www.medicinenet.com/dexamethasone-decadron-dexpak/article.htm