通用名:雷奈酸锶 雷尼酸锶
英文名:strontium ranelate
商品名:Protelos
拼音名:leinaisuansi leinisuansi
类别:雷奈酸锶原料、雷奈酸锶颗粒均为化药3.1类
适应症:
主要用于治疗和预防绝经后妇女的骨质疏松,显著降低椎骨骨折及髋骨骨折发生的危险。
用法用量:
推荐口服日剂量为一袋,每日一次,小袋中的颗粒须悬浮在一杯水中后立即饮用。推存该药应在两餐之间或就寝时服用,最好在进食后至少2小时服用。
不良反应:
常见的副作用是恶心、头痛、腹泻和皮肤刺激。剂型规格:口服混悬颗粒, 2g/袋
原研厂家:
法国Servier公司研制开发,2004年11月在爱尔兰首次上市,同年12月在英国上市。日本藤泽制药公司拥有本品在日本的开发。
产品特点
雷尼酸锶具有抑制骨吸收,促进骨形成的双重药理作用。一方面在成骨细胞富集的细胞中,雷奈酸锶能增大胶原蛋白与非胶原蛋白的合成,通过增强前成骨细胞的增殖而促进成骨细胞介导的骨形成。另一方面,通过降低破骨细胞分化和再吸收活性,减少骨吸收,从而使得骨更新重新达到平衡,有利于骨形成。
雷奈酸锶主要通过锶原子,发挥其药理作用,锶是一种与钙同族的碱土金属元素,在元素周期表中位于钙的下方。其吸收、分布、排泄与钙相似。口服2g以后。锶的绝对生物利用度为27%。大剂量的锶能使骨矿代谢发生异常,低剂量的锶能增强前成骨细胞复制,增加成骨细胞的数量,刺激骨形成;同时还能降低破骨细胞的活性,减少破骨细胞的数量,降低骨吸收的速率。在动物和人体内研究也得到的结果相吻合。
骨质疏松症(OP)是一种进行性骨骼疾病,其特征为骨密度(BMD)降低和骨组织显微结构发生退行性改变。表现为骨脆性提高和易发生骨折,后者以脊椎、髋部和腕处最为常见。妇女由于在停经后或者接受手术切除卵巢后,体内停止产生能保持骨质强硬的雌激素。因此,原发性OP在停经后或更年期妇女中尤为多见。
目前常用于治疗骨质疏松的药物有两类:一类为抑制破骨细胞活性从而抑制骨吸收的药物,如二膦酸盐、雌激素、降钙素等;第二类为促进成骨细胞活性从而刺激骨形成的药物。目前仅有人重组甲状旁腺素1-34一个产品上市,需要注射给药,药价较高。
雷尼酸锶具有以上两类药物的优点,同时具有抑制骨吸收,促进骨形成的双重药理作用。国外Ⅲ期临床试验显示,本品可降低绝经后妇女脊椎再骨折的发生率。法国Edouard Herriot医院的PierreMeunier教授主持的Ⅲ期临床试验从包括英国在内的12个国家72个中心招募了1649例50岁以上白种妇女,这些妇女至少已绝经5年,其中87.5%经过至少一次脊椎骨折。半数妇女接受本品一日2g,持续服用3年,另一半接受安慰剂。所有的妇女每天皆补充1500mg钙剂和400~800IU维生素D。研究显示,本品组患者第一年脊椎骨折的风险降低49%,3年后4l%。此外,在第36个月,本品可使腰椎的骨矿物质密度增加14.4%,股颈骨(femoralneck)增加的幅度为8.3%。研究中,两组的不良反应无显著差异。
Strontium ranelate (Protelos): risk of serious cardiac disorders—restricted indications, new contraindications, and warnings
A review of available safety data for strontium ranelate (Protelos) has raised concern about its cardiovascular safety beyond the already recognised risk of venous thromboembolism. An analysis of randomised controlled trial data has identified an increased risk of serious cardiac disorders, including myocardial infarction (relative risk compared with placebo was 1.6 [95% CI 1.07–2.38]).
The European Medicines Agency will fully evaluate the benefits and risks of strontium ranelate in the coming months. In the meantime, in order to help minimise these risks, updated advice is available:
Advice for healthcare professionals:
Use of strontium ranelate is now restricted to treatment of severe osteoporosis
in postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture
in men at increased risk of fracture
Treatment should only be initiated by a physician with experience in the treatment of osteoporosis, and the decision to prescribe strontium ranelate should be based on an assessment of the individual patient’s overall risks
Strontium ranelate should not be used in patients with: ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease; cerebrovascular disease; a history of these conditions; or in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
Prescribers are advised to assess the patient’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease before starting treatment and thereafter at regular intervals
Patients with significant risk factors for cardiovascular events (eg, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking) should only be treated with strontium ranelate after careful consideration.
Treatment should be stopped if the patient develops ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, or if hypertension is uncontrolled
Healthcare professionals should review patients at a routine appointment and consider whether or not to continue treatment .