新型肺癌新药Alecensa (Alectinib Capsules)获美国FDA加速批准上市
Recommendations for dose modifications of ALECENSA in case of adverse reactions are provided in Table 2. Table 2. ALECENSA Dose Modifications for Adverse Reactions
Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute (bpm) 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 150 mg hard capsules, white, with "ALE" printed in black ink on the cap and "150 mg" printed in black ink on the body. 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS None. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 5.1 Hepatotoxicity Elevations of AST greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) occurred in 3.6% of patients, and elevations of ALT greater than 5 times the ULN occurred in 4.8% of patients. Elevations of bilirubin greater than 3 times the ULN occurred in 2.8% of patients. The majority (73% of the patients with hepatic transaminase elevations and 49% of the patients with bilirubin elevations) of these events occurred during the first 2 months of treatment. Four patients discontinued ALECENSA for Grade 3-4 AST and/or ALT elevations, and 3 patients discontinued ALECENSA for Grade 3 bilirubin elevations. Two patients with Grade 3-4 AST/ALT elevations had documented drug induced liver injury by liver biopsy. Monitor liver function tests including ALT, AST, and total bilirubin every 2 weeks during the first 2 months of treatment, then periodically during treatment, with more frequent testing in patients who develop transaminase and bilirubin elevations. Based on the severity of the adverse drug reaction, withhold ALECENSA and resume at a reduced dose, or permanently discontinue ALECENSA as described in Table 2 [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. 5.2 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)/Pneumonitis Severe ILD (Grade 3) occurred in one (0.4%) of 253 patients exposed to ALECENSA in clinical trials. Promptly investigate for ILD/pneumonitis in any patient who presents with worsening of respiratory symptoms indicative of ILD/pneumonitis (e.g., dyspnea, cough and fever). Immediately withhold ALECENSA treatment in patients diagnosed with ILD/pneumonitis and permanently discontinue ALECENSA if no other potential causes of ILD/pneumonitis have been identified [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Adverse Reactions (6)]. 5.3 Bradycardia Symptomatic bradycardia can occur with ALECENSA. Cases of bradycardia (7.5%) have been reported in patients treated with ALECENSA. Twenty percent of 221 patients treated with ALECENSA for whom serial ECGs were available had heart rates of less than 50 beats per minute (bpm). Monitor heart rate and blood pressure regularly. Dose modification is not required in cases of asymptomatic bradycardia. In cases of symptomatic bradycardia that is not life-threatening, withhold ALECENSA until recovery to asymptomatic bradycardia or to a heart rate of 60 bpm or above and evaluate concomitant medications known to cause bradycardia, as well as anti-hypertensive medications. If attributable to a concomitant medication, resume ALECENSA at a reduced dose (see Table 1) upon recovery to asymptomatic bradycardia or to a heart rate of 60 bpm or above, with frequent monitoring as clinically indicated. Permanently discontinue ALECENSA in case of recurrence. Permanently discontinue ALECENSA in cases of life-threatening bradycardia if no contributing concomitant medication is identified [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. 5.4 Severe Myalgia and Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) Elevation Myalgia or musculoskeletal pain occurred in 29% of patients in Study 1 and Study 2. The incidence of Grade 3 myalgia/musculoskeletal pain was 1.2%. Dose modifications for myalgia/musculoskeletal pain were required in 0.8% of patients. Elevations of CPK occurred in 43% of 218 patients with CPK laboratory data available in Study 1 and Study 2. The incidence of Grade 3 elevations of CPK was 4.6%. Median time to Grade 3 CPK elevation was 14 days (interquartile range 13-14 days). Dose modifications for elevation of CPK occurred in 5.0% of patients. Advise patients to report any unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness. Assess CPK levels every two weeks for the first month of treatment and as clinically indicated in patients reporting symptoms. Based on the severity of the CPK elevation, withhold ALECENSA, then resume or reduce dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. 5.5 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, ALECENSA can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women. Administration of alectinib to pregnant rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis resulted in embryo-fetal toxicity and abortion at maternally toxic doses with exposures approximately 2.7-times those observed in humans with alectinib 600 mg twice daily. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with ALECENSA and for 1 week following the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1 and 8.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label: Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)/Pneumonitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Bradycardia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Severe Myalgia and Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) Elevation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Embryo-Fetal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of ALECENSA was evaluated in 253 patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with ALECENSA 600 mg orally twice daily in two clinical trials, Studies 1 and 2. The median duration of exposure to ALECENSA was 9.3 months. One hundred sixty-nine patients (67%) were exposed to ALECENSA for more than 6 months, and 100 patients (40%) for more than one year. The population characteristics were: median age 53 years, age less than 65 (86%), female (55%), White (74%), Asian (18%), NSCLC adenocarcinoma histology (96%), never or former smoker (98%), ECOG Performance Status (PS) 0 or 1 (91%), and prior chemotherapy treatment (78%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 19% of patients; the most frequently reported serious adverse reactions were pulmonary embolism (1.2%), dyspnea (1.2%), and hyperbilirubinemia (1.2%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 2.8% of patients and included hemorrhage (0.8%), intestinal perforation (0.4%), dyspnea (0.4%), pulmonary embolism (0.4%), and endocarditis (0.4%). Permanent discontinuation of ALECENSA for adverse reactions occurred in 6% of patients. The most frequent adverse reactions that led to permanent discontinuation were hyperbilirubinemia (1.6%), increased ALT levels (1.6%), and increased AST levels (1.2%). Overall, 23% of patients initiating treatment at the recommended dose required at least one dose reduction. The median time to first dose reduction was 48 days. The most frequent adverse reactions that led to dose reductions or interruptions were elevations in bilirubin (6%), CPK (4.3%), ALT (4.0%), and AST (2.8%), and vomiting (2.8%). Table 3 summarizes adverse reactions in Studies 1 and 2. Table 3. Adverse Reactions in ≥ 10% (All Grades) or ≥ 2% (Grade 3-4) of Patients in Studies 1 and 2
Includes peripheral edema, edema, generalized edema, eyelid edema, and periorbital edema. Includes myalgia and musculoskeletal pain. Includes rash, maculopapular rash, acneiform dermatitis, erythema, generalized rash, papular rash, pruritic rash, and macular rash. Includes one Grade 5 event Includes blurred vision, vitreous floaters, visual impairment, reduced visual acuity, asthenopia, and diplopia. Additional safety information from clinical trial experience Photosensitivity occurred in 9.9% of patients exposed to ALECENSA in Studies 1 and 2. Patients were advised to avoid sun exposure and to use broad-spectrum sunscreen. The incidence of Grade 2 photosensitivity was 0.4%; the remaining events were Grade 1 in severity. Table 4 summarizes laboratory abnormalities of ALECENSA in Studies 1 and 2. Table 4. Laboratory Abnormalities Occurring in >20% of Patients in Studies 1 and 2
n=218 for CPK (with baseline values missing for 91 of these patients). n=152 for fasting blood glucose (with baseline values missing for 5 of these patients). Only patients with creatinine increases based on ULN definition. n=217 for lymphocytes (with baseline values missing for 5 of these patients). 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS No pharmacokinetic interactions with alectinib requiring dosage adjustment have been identified [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on animal studies and its mechanism of action, ALECENSA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. There are no available data on ALECENSA use in pregnant women. Administration of alectinib to pregnant rats and rabbits by oral gavage during the period of organogenesis resulted in embryo-fetal toxicity and abortion at maternally toxic doses with exposures approximately 2.7-times those observed in humans treated with alectinib at 600 mg twice daily [see Data]. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically-recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Data Animal Data In a preliminary rabbit embryo-fetal study, administration of alectinib by oral gavage during the period of organogenesis resulted in abortion or complete embryo-fetal mortality at a maternally toxic dose of 27 mg/kg/day (approximately 2.9-fold the estimated area under the curve (AUC0-24h,ss) in humans treated with alectinib 600 mg BID) in three of six pregnant rabbits. The remaining three pregnant rabbits in this group had few live fetuses, decreased fetal and placental weights, and retroesophageal subclavian artery. In a rat preliminary embryo-fetal development study, administration of alectinib during organogenesis resulted in complete litter loss in all pregnant rats at 27 mg/kg/day (approximately 4.5-fold the estimated AUC0-24h,ss in humans treated with alectinib 600 mg BID). Doses greater than or equal to 9 mg/kg/day (approximately 2.7-fold the estimated human AUC0-24h,ss in humans treated with alectinib 600 mg BID), resulted in maternal toxicity as well as developmental toxicities including decreased fetal weight, dilated ureter, thymic cord, small ventricle and thin ventricle wall, and reduced number of sacral and caudal vertebrae. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of alectinib or its metabolites in human milk, the effects of alectinib on the breast-fed infant, or its effects on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breast-fed infants from alectinib, advise a lactating woman not to breastfeed during treatment with ALECENSA and for 1 week after the final dose. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Contraception Females ALECENSA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with ALECENSA and for 1 week after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Males Based on genotoxicity findings, advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with ALECENSA and for 3 months following the final dose [see Non Clinical Toxicology (13.1)]. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of ALECENSA in pediatric patients have not been established. Animal Data Juvenile animal studies have not been conducted using alectinib. In general toxicology studies, treatment of rats with doses of alectinib resulting in exposures greater than or equal to approximately 4.5 times those in humans treated with alectinib at 600 mg twice daily resulted in changes in the growing teeth and bones. Findings in teeth included discoloration and changes in tooth size along with histopathological disarrangement of the ameloblast and odontoblast layers. There were also decreases in the trabecular bone and increased osteoclast activity in the femur and sternum. 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of ALECENSA did not include sufficient number of subjects aged 65 and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. 8.6 Renal Impairment No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. The safety of ALECENSA in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min) or end-stage renal disease has not been studied [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 8.7 Hepatic Impairment No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild hepatic impairment (total bilirubin less than or equal to upper limit of normal (ULN) and aspartate transaminase (AST) greater than ULN or total bilirubin greater than 1.0 to 1.5 times ULN and any AST). The safety of ALECENSA in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment has not been studied [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 10 OVERDOSAGE No experience with overdose is available. There is no specific antidote for overdose with ALECENSA. Alectinib and its major active metabolite M4 are > 99% bound to plasma proteins; therefore, hemodialysis is likely to be ineffective in the treatment of overdose. 11 DESCRIPTION ALECENSA (alectinib) is a kinase inhibitor for oral administration. The molecular formula for alectinib is C30H34N4O2 ∙ HCl. The molecular weight is 482.62 g/mol (free base form) and 519.08 g/mol (hydrochloride salt). Alectinib is described chemically as 9-ethyl-6, 6-dimethyl-8-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-11-oxo-6, 11-dihydro-5H-benzo[b]carbazole-3-carbonitrile hydrochloride. The chemical structure of alectinib is shown below:
An assessment of ORR and duration of response for CNS metastases in the subgroup of 51 patients in Studies 1 and 2 with baseline measurable lesions in the CNS according to RECIST v1.1 are summarized in Table 6. Thirty-five (69%) patients with measurable CNS lesions had received prior brain radiation, including 25 (49%) who completed radiation treatment at least 6 months before starting treatment with ALECENSA. Responses were observed irrespective of prior brain radiation status. Table 6: CNS Objective Response in Patients with Measurable CNS Lesions in Studies 1 and 2
Hard capsules, white 150 mg capsules with "ALE" printed in black ink on the cap and "150 mg" printed in black ink on the body, available in: 240 capsules per bottle: NDC 50242-130-01 Storage and stability: Do not store above 30°C (86°F). Store in the original container to protect from light and moisture. 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information). Inform patients of the following: Hepatotoxicity Inform patients of the signs and symptoms of bilirubin and hepatic transaminase elevations. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately for signs or symptoms of bilirubin and hepatic transaminase elevations [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)/Pneumonitis Inform patients of the risks of severe ILD/pneumonitis. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately to report new or worsening respiratory symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Bradycardia Inform patients that symptoms of bradycardia including dizziness, lightheadedness, and syncope can occur while taking ALECENSA. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider to report these symptoms and to inform their healthcare provider about the use of any heart or blood pressure medications [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. Severe Myalgia/CPK elevation Inform patients of signs and symptoms of myalgia, including unexplained and/or persistent muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately to report new or worsening symptoms of muscle pain or weakness [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. Photosensitivity Inform patients of the signs and symptoms of photosensitivity. Advise patients to avoid prolonged sun exposure while taking ALECENSA and for at least 7 days after study drug discontinuation and to use proper protection from the sun. Advise patients to use a broad spectrum ultraviolet A (UVA)/ultraviolet B (UVB) sunscreen and lip balm (SPF ≥50) to help protect against potential sunburn [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Embryo-Fetal Toxicity ALECENSA can cause fetal harm if taken during pregnancy. Advise a pregnant woman of the potential risk to a fetus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with ALECENSA and for at least 1 week after the last dose of ALECENSA. Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)]. Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with ALECENSA and for 3 months after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3) and Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)]. Lactation Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with ALECENSA and for one week after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)]. Administration Instruct patients to take ALECENSA twice a day. Advise patients to take ALECENSA with food and to swallow ALECENSA capsules whole [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. Missed Dose Advise patients that if a dose of ALECENSA is missed or if the patient vomits after taking a dose of ALECENSA, patients should be advised not to take an extra dose, but to take the next dose at the regular time [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=42c49deb-713b-427a-9670-08af08adcffb |
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新型肺癌新药Alecensa (Alectinib Capsules)获美国FDA加速批准上市近日,美国FDA批准Genentech的Alecensa(alectinib)用于治疗晚期(转移性) ALK-阳性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC),患者病情已经恶化,或谁 ... 责任编辑:admin |
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