英文药名：Cabometyx(cabozantinib Tablets)

中文药名：卡赞替尼片

生产厂家：Exelixis，Inc
药品介绍
2016年4月25日，美国FDA批准Cabometyx(cabozantinib)片剂治疗晚期肾细胞癌的患者，且曾经接受过抗血管生成的治疗
Cabozantinib的商品名为Cabometyx用于接受过抗血管生成治疗的晚期肾细胞癌患者的二线治疗。
这次获批主要是基于一项名为Meteor的III期临床试验数据。在这项针对肾细胞癌的二线治疗临床试验中，cabozantinib与诺华的Afinitor的无进展生存期各为7.4个月和3.8个月，几乎是后者的两倍，达到了临床试验的主要终点。与竞争对手相比，cabozantinib的客观缓解率也显著提高。此外，二月份发布的试验数据显示，cabozantinib延长了患者的总生存期（这是肿瘤药物临床试验的金标准），达到了临床试验的次要终点。接受cabozantinib治疗的患者的总生存期为21.4个月，而Afinitor组为16.5个月，在总生存期方面具备显著差异。
剂量和给药方法
⑴ 推荐剂量：60mg口服，每天1次。
⑵ 指导患者服用CABOMETYX前和后至少1小时不要吃共至少2小时。
⑶ 不要用卡赞替尼胶囊替代CABOMETYX片。
剂型和规格
20mg，40mg，和60mg片。

HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use CABOMETYX safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for CABOMETYX.
CABOMETYX ® (cabozantinib) tablets, for oral use
Initial U.S. Approval: 2016
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
CABOMETYX is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who have received prior anti-angiogenic therapy. (1)
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Recommended Dose: 60 mg orally, once daily. (2.1)
Instruct patients not to eat for at least 2 hours before and at least 1 hour after taking CABOMETYX. (2.1)
Do NOT substitute CABOMETYX tablets with cabozantinib capsules. (2.1)
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
20 mg, 40 mg, and 60 mg tablets. (3)
CONTRAINDICATIONS
None (4)
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Hemorrhage: Do not administer CABOMETYX if recent history of severe hemorrhage. (5.1)
GI Perforations and Fistulas: Monitor for symptoms. Discontinue CABOMETYX for fistulas that cannot be adequately managed or perforations. (5.2)
Thrombotic Events: Discontinue CABOMETYX for myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, or other serious arterial thromboembolic events. (5.3)
Hypertension and Hypertensive Crisis: Monitor blood pressure regularly. Discontinue CABOMETYX for hypertensive crisis or severe hypertension that cannot be controlled with anti-hypertensive therapy. (5.4).
Diarrhea: May be severe. Interrupt CABOMETYX treatment immediately until diarrhea resolves or decreases to Grade 1. Recommend standard antidiarrheal treatments. (5.5)
Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPES): Interrupt CABOMETYX treatment until PPES resolves or decreases to Grade 1. (5.6)
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS): Discontinue CABOMETYX. (5.7)
Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Can cause fetal harm. Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to use effective contraception. (5.8, 8.1, 8.3)
ADVERSE REACTIONS
The most commonly reported (≥ 25%) adverse reactions are: diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPES), hypertension, vomiting, weight decreased, and constipation. (6.1)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Exelixis, Inc. at 1-855-500-3935 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors: Reduce the CABOMETYX dosage. (2.2, 7)
Strong CYP3A4 inducers: Increase the CABOMETYX dosage. (2.2, 7)
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Mild to Moderate Hepatic Impairment: Reduce the CABOMETYX dosage. (2.2, 8.6)
Lactation: Advise not to breastfeed while taking CABOMETYX. (8.2)
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.
Revised: 4/2016
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
CABOMETYX is indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who have received prior anti-angiogenic therapy.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Recommended Dose
Do not substitute CABOMETYX tablets with cabozantinib capsules.
The recommended daily dose of CABOMETYX is 60 mg. Do not administer CABOMETYX with food. Instruct patients not to eat for at least 2 hours before and at least 1 hour after taking CABOMETYX. Continue treatment until patient no longer experiences clinical benefit or experiences unacceptable toxicity.
Swallow CABOMETYX tablets whole. Do not crush CABOMETYX tablets.
Do not take a missed dose within 12 hours of the next dose.
Do not ingest foods (e.g., grapefruit, grapefruit juice) or nutritional supplements that are known to inhibit cytochrome P450 during CABOMETYX treatment.
2.2 Dosage Adjustments
For Patients Undergoing Surgery
Stop treatment with CABOMETYX at least 28 days prior to scheduled surgery, including dental surgery.
For Adverse Reactions
Withhold CABOMETYX for NCI CTCAE Grade 4 adverse reactions, and for Grade 3 or intolerable Grade 2 adverse reactions that cannot be managed with a dose reduction or supportive care.
Upon resolution/improvement (i.e., return to baseline or resolution to Grade 1) of an adverse reaction, reduce the dose as follows:
If previously receiving 60 mg daily dose, resume treatment at 40 mg daily
If previously receiving 40 mg daily dose, resume treatment at 20 mg daily
If previously receiving 20 mg daily dose, resume at 20 mg if tolerated, otherwise, discontinue CABOMETYX
Permanently discontinue CABOMETYX for any of the following:
development of unmanageable fistula or GI perforation
severe hemorrhage
arterial thromboembolic event (e.g., myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction)
hypertensive crisis or severe hypertension despite optimal medical management
nephrotic syndrome
reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome
In Patients Concurrently Taking a Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitor
Reduce the daily CABOMETYX dose by 20 mg (for example, from 60 mg to 40 mg daily or from 40 mg to 20 mg daily). Resume the dose that was used prior to initiating the CYP3A4 inhibitor 2 to 3 days after discontinuation of the strong inhibitor [see Drug Interactions (7), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
In Patients Concurrently Taking a Strong CYP3A4 Inducer
Increase the daily CABOMETYX dose by 20 mg (for example, from 60 mg to 80 mg daily or from 40 mg to 60 mg daily) as tolerated. Resume the dose that was used prior to initiating the CYP3A4 inducer 2 to 3 days after discontinuation of the strong inducer. The daily dose of CABOMETYX should not exceed 80 mg [see Drug Interactions (7), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
In Patients with Hepatic Impairment
Reduce the starting dose of CABOMETYX to 40 mg once daily in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. CABOMETYX is not recommended for use in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
60 mg CABOMETYX tablets are yellow film-coated, oval shaped with no score, and debossed with "XL" on one side and "60" on the other side.
40 mg CABOMETYX tablets are yellow film-coated, triangle shaped with no score, and debossed with "XL" on one side and "40" on the other side.
20 mg CABOMETYX tablets are yellow film-coated, round with no score, and debossed with "XL" on one side and "20" on the other side.
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
None.
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Hemorrhage
Severe hemorrhage occurred with CABOMETYX. The incidence of Grade ≥ 3 hemorrhagic events was 2.1% in CABOMETYX-treated patients and 1.6% in everolimus-treated patients. Fatal hemorrhages also occurred in the cabozantinib clinical program.
Do not administer CABOMETYX to patients that have or are at risk for severe hemorrhage.
5.2 GI Perforations and Fistulas
In a randomized study in renal cell carcinoma, fistulas were reported in 1.2% (including 0.6% anal fistula) of CABOMETYX-treated patients and 0% of everolimus-treated patients. Gastrointestinal (GI) perforations were reported in 0.9% of CABOMETYX-treated patients and 0.6% of everolimus-treated patients. Fatal perforations occurred in the cabozantinib clinical program.
Monitor patients for symptoms of fistulas and perforations. Discontinue CABOMETYX in patients who experience a fistula which cannot be appropriately managed or a GI perforation.
5.3 Thrombotic Events
CABOMETYX treatment results in an increased incidence of thrombotic events. Venous thromboembolism was reported in 7.3% of CABOMETYX-treated patients and 2.5% of everolimus-treated patients. Pulmonary embolism occurred in 3.9% of CABOMETYX-treated patients and 0.3% of everolimus-treated patients. Events of arterial thromboembolism were reported in 0.9% of CABOMETYX-treated patients and 0.3% of everolimus-treated patients. Fatal thrombotic events occurred in the cabozantinib clinical program.
Discontinue CABOMETYX in patients who develop an acute myocardial infarction or any other arterial thromboembolic complication.
5.4 Hypertension and Hypertensive Crisis
CABOMETYX treatment results in an increased incidence of treatment-emergent hypertension. Hypertension was reported in 37% (15% Grade ≥ 3) of CABOMETYX-treated patients and 7.1% (3.1% Grade ≥ 3) of everolimus-treated patients. Monitor blood pressure prior to initiation and regularly during CABOMETYX treatment. Withhold CABOMETYX for hypertension that is not adequately controlled with medical management; when controlled, resume CABOMETYX at a reduced dose. Discontinue CABOMETYX for severe hypertension that cannot be controlled with anti-hypertensive therapy. Discontinue CABOMETYX if there is evidence of hypertensive crisis or severe hypertension despite optimal medical management.
5.5 Diarrhea
Diarrhea occurred in 74% of patients treated with CABOMETYX and in 28% of patients treated with everolimus. Grade 3 diarrhea occurred in 11% of CABOMETYX-treated patients and in 2% of everolimus-treated patients. Withhold CABOMETYX in patients who develop intolerable Grade 2 diarrhea or Grade 3-4 diarrhea that cannot be managed with standard antidiarrheal treatments until improvement to Grade 1; resume CABOMETYX at a reduced dose. Dose modification due to diarrhea occurred in 26% of patients.
5.6 Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia Syndrome
Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPES) occurred in 42% of patients treated with CABOMETYX and in 6% of patients treated with everolimus. Grade 3 PPES occurred in 8.2% of CABOMETYX-treated patients and in <1% of everolimus-treated patients. Withhold CABOMETYX in patients who develop intolerable Grade 2 PPES or Grade 3 PPES until improvement to Grade 1; resume CABOMETYX at a reduced dose. Dose modification due to PPES occurred in 16% of patients.
5.7 Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome
Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS), a syndrome of subcortical vasogenic edema diagnosed by characteristic finding on MRI, occurred in the cabozantinib clinical program. Perform an evaluation for RPLS in any patient presenting with seizures, headache, visual disturbances, confusion or altered mental function. Discontinue CABOMETYX in patients who develop RPLS.
5.8 Embryo-fetal Toxicity
Based on data from animal studies and its mechanism of action, CABOMETYX can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Cabozantinib administration to pregnant animals during organogenesis resulted in embryolethality at exposures below those occurring clinically at the recommended dose, and in increased incidences of skeletal variations in rats and visceral variations and malformations in rabbits. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with CABOMETYX and for 4 months after the last dose [See Use in Specific Populations (8.1), (8.3), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. 
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
The following serious adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the label:
Hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
GI Perforations and Fistulas [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
Thrombotic Events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
Hypertension and Hypertensive Crisis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
Diarrhea [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]
Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]
6.1 Clinical Trial Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The safety of CABOMETYX was evaluated in Study 1, a randomized, open-label trial in which 331 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma received 60 mg CABOMETYX and 322 patients received 10 mg everolimus administered daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients on both arms who had disease progression could continue treatment at the discretion of the investigator [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The median duration of treatment was 7.6 months (range 0.3 – 20.5) for patients receiving CABOMETYX and 4.4 months (range 0.21 – 18.9) for patients receiving everolimus.
Adverse reactions which occurred in ≥ 25% of CABOMETYX-treated patients included, in order of decreasing frequency: diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPES), hypertension, vomiting, weight decreased, and constipation. Grade 3-4 adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities which occurred in ≥ 5% of patients were hypertension, diarrhea, fatigue, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, lymphocytes decreased, anemia, hypokalemia, and GGT increased.
The dose was reduced in 60% of patients receiving CABOMETYX and in 24% of patients receiving everolimus. Twenty percent (20%) of patients received 20 mg CABOMETYX as their lowest dose. The most frequent adverse reactions leading to dose reduction in patients treated with CABOMETYX were: diarrhea, PPES, fatigue, and hypertension. Adverse reactions led to study treatment being held in 70% patients receiving CABOMETYX and in 59% patients receiving everolimus. Adverse reactions led to study treatment discontinuation in 10% of patients receiving CABOMETYX and in 10% of patients receiving everolimus. The most frequent adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation in patients treated with CABOMETYX were decreased appetite (2%) and fatigue (1%).
Table 1. Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥ 10% Patients Who Received CABOMETYX 

Adverse Reaction	CABOMETYX (n=331)		Everolimus (n=322)
	All Grades	Grades 3-4	All Grades	Grades 3-4
	Percentage (%) of Patients
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Diarrhea	74	11	28	2
Nausea	50	4	28	<1
Vomiting	32	2	14	<1
Stomatitis	22	2	24	2
Constipation	25	<1	19	<1
Abdominal pain	23	4	13	2
Dyspepsia	12	<1	5	0
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions
Fatigue	56	9	47	7
Mucosal inflammation	19	<1	23	3
Asthenia	19	4	16	2
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders
Decreased appetite	46	3	34	<1
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome	42	8	6	<1
Rash	23	<1	43	<1
Dry skin	11	0	10	0
Vascular Disorders
Hypertension	39	16	8	3
Investigations
Weight decreased	31	2	12	0
Nervous System Disorders
Dysgeusia	24	0	9	0
Headache	11	<1	12	<
Dizziness	11	0	7	0
Endocrine Disorders
Hypothyroidism	21	0	<1	<1
Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders
Dysphonia	20	<1	4	0
Dyspnea	19	3	29	4
Cough	18	<1	33	<1
Blood and Lymphatic Disorders
Anemia	17	5	38	16
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Pain in extremity	14	1	8	<1
Muscle spasms	13	0	5	0
Arthralgia	11	<1	14	1
Renal and Urinary Disorders
Proteinuria	12	2	9	<1

One subject randomized to everolimus received cabozantinib.
National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0
Includes PT terms abdominal pain, abdominal pain upper, and abdominal pain lower
Includes PT terms rash, rash erythematous, rash follicular, rash macular, rash papular, rash pustular, rash vesicular, genital rash, intermittent leg rash, rash on scrotum and penis, rash maculo-papular, rash pruritic, contact dermatitis, dermatitis acneiform
Includes PT terms hypertension, blood pressure increased, hypertensive crisis, blood pressure fluctuation
Other clinically important adverse reactions (all grades) that were reported in <10% of patients treated with CABOMETYX included: wound complications (2%), convulsion (<1%), pancreatitis (<1%), osteonecrosis of the jaw (<1%), and hepatitis cholestatic (<1%).
Table 2. Laboratory Abnormalities Occurring in ≥ 25% Patients Who Received CABOMETYX 

Test	CABOMETYX (n=331)		Everolimus (n=322)
	All Grades	Grade 3-4	All Grades	Grade 3-4
Chemistry
AST increased	74	3	40	<1
ALT increased	68	3	32	<1
Creatinine increased	58	<1	71	0
Triglycerides increased	53	4	73	13
Hypophosphatemia	48	8	36	5
Hyperglycemia	37	2	59	8
Hypoalbuminemia	36	2	28	<1
ALP increased	35	2	29	1
Hypomagnesemia	31	7	4	<1
Hyponatremia	30	8	26	6
GGT increased	27	5	43	9
Hematology
White blood cells decreased	35	<1	31	<1
Absolute neutrophil count decreased	31	2	17	<1
Hemoglobin decreased	31	4	71	17
Lymphocytes decreased	25	7	39	12
Platlets decreased	25	<1	27	<1

ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma glutamyl transferase.
National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 4.0
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
Table 3. Clinically Significant Drug Interactions Involving Drugs that Affect Cabozantinib 

Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors
Clinical Implications:	Concomitant use of CABOMETYX with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased the exposure of cabozantinib compared to the use of CABOMETYX alone [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Increased cabozantinib exposure may increase the risk of exposure-related toxicity.
Prevention or Management:	Reduce the dosage of CABOMETYX if concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors cannot be avoided [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
Examples:	Boceprevir, clarithromycin, conivaptan, grapefruit juice, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lopinavir/ritonavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, posaconazole, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, and voriconazole
Strong CYP3A4 Inducers
Clinical Implications:	Concomitant use of CABOMETYX with a strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the exposure of cabozantinib compared to the use of CABOMETYX alone [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Decreased cabozantinib exposure may lead to reduced efficacy.
Prevention or Management:	Increase the dosage of CABOMETYX if concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inducers cannot be avoided [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
Examples:	Rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, rifabutin, rifapentine, and St. John’s Wort

The effect of grapefruit juice varies widely among brands and is concentration-, dose-, and preparation dependent. Studies have shown that it can be classified as a "strong CYP3A inhibitor" when a certain preparation was used (e.g., high dose, double strength) or as a "moderate CYP3A inhibitor" when another preparation was used (e.g., low dose, single strength).
The effect of St. John’s Wort varies widely and is preparation-dependent
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
Risk Summary
Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, CABOMETYX can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. There are no available data in pregnant women to inform the drug-associated risk. In animal developmental and reproductive toxicology studies administration of cabozantinib to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis resulted in embryofetal lethality and structural anomalies at exposures that were below those occurring clinically at the recommended dose [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)]. Advise pregnant women or women of childbearing potential of the potential hazard to a fetus.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.
Data
Animal Data
In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rats, daily oral administration of cabozantinib throughout organogenesis caused increased embryo-fetal lethality compared to controls at a dose of 0.03 mg/kg (approximately 0.12-fold of human AUC at the recommended dose). Findings included delayed ossification and skeletal variations at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.04-fold of human AUC at the recommended dose).
In pregnant rabbits, daily oral administration of cabozantinib throughout organogenesis resulted in findings of visceral malformations and variations including reduced spleen size and missing lung lobe at 3 mg/kg (approximately 1.1-fold of the human AUC at the recommended dose).
In a pre- and postnatal study in rats, cabozantinib was administered orally from gestation day 10 through postnatal day 20. Cabozantinib did not produce adverse maternal toxicity or affect pregnancy, parturition or lactation of female rats, and did not affect the survival, growth or postnatal development of the offspring at doses up to 0.3 mg/kg/day (0.05-fold of the maximum recommended clinical dose).
8.2 Lactation
Risk Summary
There is no information regarding the presence of cabozantinib or its metabolites in human milk, or their effects on the breastfed infant, or milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed infant from CABOMETYX, advise a lactating woman not to breastfeed during treatment with CABOMETYX and for 4 months after the final dose.
8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential
Contraception
Females
CABOMETYX can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with CABOMETYX and for 4 months after the final dose.
Infertility
Females and Males
Based on findings in animals, CABOMETYX may impair fertility in females and males of reproductive potential [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].
8.4 Pediatric Use
The safety and effectiveness of CABOMETYX in pediatric patients have not been studied.
Juvenile Animal Data
Juvenile rats were administered cabozantinib daily at doses of 1 or 2 mg/kg/day from Postnatal Day 12 (comparable to less than 2 years in humans) through Postnatal Day 35 or 70. Mortalities occurred at doses equal and greater than 1 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.16 times the clinical dose of 60 mg/day based on body surface area). Hypoactivity was observed at both doses tested on Postnatal Day 22. Targets were generally similar to those seen in adult animals, occurred at both doses, and included the kidney (nephropathy, glomerulonephritis), reproductive organs, gastrointestinal tract (cystic dilatation and hyperplasia in Brunner’s gland and inflammation of duodenum; and epithelial hyperplasia of colon and cecum), bone marrow (hypocellularity and lymphoid depletion), and liver. Tooth abnormalities and whitening as well as effects on bones including reduced bone mineral content and density, physeal hypertrophy, and decreased cortical bone also occurred at all dose levels. Recovery was not assessed at the 2 mg/kg dose level (approximately 0.32 times the clinical dose of 60 mg based on body surface area) due to high levels of mortality. At the low dose level, effects on bone parameters were partially resolved but effects on the kidney and epididymis/testis persisted after treatment ceased.
8.5 Geriatric Use
In the Phase 3 study, 41% of RCC patients treated with CABOMETYX were age 65 years and older, and 8% were age 75 and older. No differences in safety or efficacy were observed between older and younger patients.
8.6 Hepatic Impairment
Increased exposure to cabozantinib has been observed in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. Reduce the CABOMETYX dose in patients with mild (Child-Pugh score (C-P) A) or moderate (C-P B) hepatic impairment. CABOMETYX is not recommended for use in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
8.7 Renal Impairment
Dosage adjustment is not required in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. There is no experience with CABOMETYX in patients with severe renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
10 OVERDOSAGE
One case of overdosage was reported in the cabozantinib clinical program; a patient inadvertently took twice the intended dose (200 mg daily) of another formulation of cabozantinib product for nine days. The patient suffered Grade 3 memory impairment, Grade 3 mental status changes, Grade 3 cognitive disturbance, Grade 2 weight loss, and Grade 1 increase in BUN. The extent of recovery was not documented.
11 DESCRIPTION
COMETRIQ is the (S)-malate salt of cabozantinib, a kinase inhibitor. Cabozantinib (S)-malate is described chemically as N-(4-(6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-N'-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane- 1,1-dicarboxamide, (2S)-hydroxybutanedioate. The molecular formula is C28H24FN3O5•C4H6O5 and the molecular weight is 635.6 Daltons as malate salt. The chemical structure of cabozantinib (S)-malate salt is:

Cabozantinib (S)-malate salt is a white to off-white solid that is practically insoluble in aqueous media.
CABOMETYX (cabozantinib) tablets are supplied as film-coated tablets containing 20 mg, 40 mg, or 60 mg of cabozantinib, which is equivalent to 25 mg, 51 mg, or 76 mg of cabozantinib (S)-malate, respectively. CABOMETYX also contains the following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, lactose anhydrous, hydroxypropyl cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, colloidal silicon dioxide, and magnesium stearate.
The film coating contains hypromellose, titanium dioxide, triacetin, and iron oxide yellow.
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
In vitro biochemical and/or cellular assays have shown that cabozantinib inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of MET, VEGFR-1, -2 and -3, AXL, RET, ROS1, TYRO3, MER, KIT, TRKB, FLT-3, and TIE-2. These receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in both normal cellular function and pathologic processes such as oncogenesis, metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, drug resistance, and maintenance of the tumor microenvironment.
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
The exposure-response or –safety relationship for cabozantinib is unknown.
Cardiac Electrophysiology
The effect of orally administered cabozantinib on QTc interval was evaluated in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study in patients with medullary thyroid cancer administered a dose of 140 mg. A mean increase in QTcF of 10 - 15 ms was observed at 4 weeks after initiating cabozantinib. A concentration-QTc relationship could not be definitively established. Changes in cardiac wave form morphology or new rhythms were not observed. No cabozantinib-treated patients in this study had a confirmed QTcF > 500 ms nor did any cabozantinib-treated patients in the RCC study (at a dose of 60 mg).
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Repeat daily dosing of cabozantinib at 140 mg for 19 days resulted in 4- to 5-fold mean cabozantinib accumulation (based on AUC) compared to a single dose administration; steady state was achieved by Day 15.
Absorption
Following oral administration of cabozantinib, median time to peak cabozantinib plasma concentrations (Tmax) ranged from 2 to 3 hours post-dose.
A 19% increase in the Cmax of the tablet formulation (CABOMETYX) compared to the capsule formulation (COMETRIQ®) was observed following a single 140 mg dose. A less than 10% difference in the AUC was observed between cabozantinib tablet (CABOMETYX) and capsule (COMETRIQ) formulations [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
Cabozantinib Cmax and AUC values increased by 41% and 57%, respectively, following a high-fat meal relative to fasted conditions in healthy subjects administered a single 140 mg oral dose of an investigational cabozantinib capsule formulation.
Distribution
The oral volume of distribution (Vz/F) of cabozantinib is approximately 319 L. Cabozantinib is highly protein bound in human plasma (≥ 99.7%).
Elimination
The predicted terminal half-life is approximately 99 hours and the clearance (CL/F) at steady-state is estimated to be 2.2 L/hr.
Metabolism
Cabozantinib is a substrate of CYP3A4 in vitro.
Excretion
Approximately 81% of the total administered radioactivity was recovered within a 48-day collection period following a single 140 mg dose of an investigational 14C-cabozantinib formulation in healthy subjects. Approximately 54% was recovered in feces and 27% in urine. Unchanged cabozantinib accounted for 43% of the total radioactivity in feces and was not detectable in urine following a 72 hour collection.
Specific Populations
The following patient characteristics did not result in a clinically relevant difference in the pharmacokinetics of cabozantinib: age (32-86 years), sex, race (Whites and non-Whites), or mild to moderate renal impairment (eGFR greater than or equal to 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 as estimated by MDRD (modification of diet in renal disease equation)). The pharmacokinetics of cabozantinib is unknown in patients with worse than moderate renal impairment (eGFR less than 29 mL/min/1.73m2) as estimated by MDRD equation or renal impairment requiring dialysis.
Hepatic Impairment
Cabozantinib exposure (AUC0-inf) increased by 81% and 63%, respectively, in patients with mild (C-P A) and moderate (C-P B) hepatic impairment. Patients with severe hepatic impairment have not been studied [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
Pediatric Population
The pharmacokinetics of cabozantinib has not been studied in the pediatric population [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].
Drug Interactions
CYP3A4 Inhibition on Cabozantinib
Administration of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole (400 mg daily for 27 days) to healthy subjects increased single-dose plasma cabozantinib exposure (AUC0-inf) by 38%.
CYP3A4 Induction on Cabozantinib
Administration of a strong CYP3A4 inducer, rifampin (600 mg daily for 31 days) to healthy subjects decreased single-dose plasma cabozantinib exposure (AUC0-inf) by 77%.
Cabozantinib on CYP2C8 substrates
No clinically-significant effect on single-dose rosiglitazone (a CYP2C8 substrate) plasma exposure (Cmax and AUC) was observed when co-administered with cabozantinib at steady-state plasma concentrations (≥ 100 mg/day daily for a minimum of 21 days) in patients with solid tumors.
Gastric pH modifying agents on Cabozantinib
No clinically-significant effect on plasma cabozantinib exposure (AUC) was observed following co-administration of the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) esomeprazole (40 mg daily for 6 days) with a single dose of 100 mg cabozantinib to healthy volunteers.
In vitro Studies
Metabolic Pathways
Inhibition of CYP3A4 reduced the formation of the oxidative metabolite by > 80%. Inhibition of CYP2C9 had a minimal effect on cabozantinib metabolite formation (i.e., a <20% reduction). Inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 had no effect on cabozantinib metabolite formation.
Although cabozantinib is an inhibitor of CYP2C8 in vitro, a clinical study of this potential interaction concluded that concurrent use did not result in a clinically relevant effect on CYP2C8 substrate exposure. Given this finding, other less sensitive substrates of pathways affected by cabozantinib in vitro (i.e., CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4) were not evaluated in a clinical study because, although a clinically relevant exposure effect cannot be ruled out, it is unlikely. Cabozantinib does not inhibit CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 isozymes in vitro.
Cabozantinib is an inducer of CYP1A1 mRNA; however, the clinical relevance of this finding is unknown. Cabozantinib does not induce CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 or CYP3A4.
Drug Transporter Systems
Cabozantinib is an inhibitor, but not a substrate, of P-gp transport activities and has the potential to increase plasma concentrations of co-administered substrates of P-gp. The clinical relevance of this finding is unknown.
Cabozantinib is a substrate of MRP2 in vitro and MRP2 inhibitors have the potential to increase plasma concentrations of cabozantinib. The clinical relevance of this finding is unknown.
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Cabozantinib was not carcinogenic in a 26-week carcinogenicity study in rasH2 transgenic mice.
Cabozantinib was not mutagenic in vitro in the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay and was not clastogenic in both the in vitro cytogenetic assay using human lymphocytes or in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.
Based on nonclinical findings, male and female fertility may be impaired by treatment with CABOMETYX. In a fertility study in which cabozantinib was administered to male and female rats at doses of 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg/day, male fertility was significantly compromised at doses equal to or greater than 2.5 mg/kg/day (approximately 13-fold of human AUC at the recommended dose), with a decrease in sperm counts and reproductive organ weights. In females, fertility was significantly reduced at doses equal to or greater than 1 mg/kg/day (5-fold of human AUC at the recommended dose) with a significant decrease in the number of live embryos and a significant increase in pre- and post-implantation losses.
Observations of effects on reproductive tract tissues in general toxicology studies were supportive of effects noted in the dedicated fertility study and included hypospermia and absence of corpora lutea in male and female dogs in a 6-month repeat dose study at plasma exposures (AUC) approximately 0.5-fold (males) and <0.1-fold (females) of those expected in humans at the recommended dose. In addition, female rats administered 5 mg/kg/day for 14 days (approximately 9-fold of human AUC at the recommended dose) exhibited ovarian necrosis.
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
Study 1 was a randomized (1:1), open-label, multicenter study of CABOMETYX versus everolimus conducted in patients with advanced RCC who had received at least 1 prior anti-angiogenic therapy. Patients had to have a Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) ≥ 70%. Patients were stratified by the number of prior VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) Risk Group.
Patients (N=658) were randomized to receive CABOMETYX (N=330) administered orally at 60 mg daily or everolimus (N=328) administered orally at 10 mg daily. The majority of the patients were male (75%), with a median age of 62 years. Sixty-nine percent (69%) received only one prior anti-angiogenic therapy. Patient distribution by MSKCC risk groups was 46% favorable (0 risk factors), 42% intermediate (1 risk factor), and 13% poor (2 or 3 risk factors). Fifty-four percent (54%) of patients had 3 or more organs with metastatic disease, including lung (63%), lymph nodes (62%), liver (29%), and bone (22%).
The main efficacy outcome measure was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by a blinded independent radiology review committee among the first 375 subjects randomized. Other efficacy endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) in the Intent-to-Treat (ITT) population. Tumor assessments were conducted every 8 weeks for the first 12 months, then every 12 weeks thereafter. Patients received treatment until disease progression or experiencing unacceptable toxicity. Patients on both arms who had disease progression could continue treatment at the discretion of the investigator.
Statistically significant improvements in PFS, OS, and ORR were demonstrated for CABOMETYX compared to everolimus (Figure 1 and 2 and Table 4 and 5).
Figure 1: Progression-Free Survival in Study 1 (First 375 Randomized)

Table 4: Progression-Free Survival in Study 1 (First 375 Randomized)

Endpoint	CABOMETYX	Everolimus
	N = 187	N = 188
Median PFS (95% CI), months	7.4 (5.6, 9.1)	3.8 (3.7, 5.4)
HR (95% CI), p-value	0.58 (0.45, 0.74), p<0.0001

stratified log-rank test with prior VEGFR-targeting TKI therapy (1 vs 2 or more) and MSKCC prognostic criteria for previously treated patients with RCC (0 vs 1 vs 2 or 3) as stratification factors (per IVRS data)
Figure 2: Overall Survival in Study 1 (ITT)

Table 5. Overall Survival and Objective Response Rate in Study 1 (ITT)

Endpoint	CABOMETYX	Everolimus
	N = 330	N = 328
Median OS (95% CI), months	21.4 (18.7, NE)	16.5 (14.7, 18.8)
HR (95% CI), p-value	0.66 (0.53, 0.83), p=0.0003
Confirmed ORR (partial responses only) (95% CI)	17% (13%, 22%)	3% (2%, 6%)
p-value	p<0.0001

stratified log-rank test with prior VEGFR-targeting TKI therapy (1 vs 2 or more) and MSKCC prognostic criteria for previously treated patients with RCC (0 vs 1 vs 2 or 3) as stratification factors (per IVRS data)
chi-squared test
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
CABOMETYX tablets are supplied as follows:
60 mg tables are yellow film-coated, oval shaped with no score, debossed with "XL" on one side and "60" on the other side of the tablet; available in bottles of 30 tablets:
NDC 42388-023-26
40 mg tablets are yellow film-coated, triangle shaped with no score, debossed with "XL" on one side and "40" on the other side of the tablet; available in bottles of 30 tablets:
NDC 42388-025-26
20 mg tablets are yellow film-coated, round shaped with no score, debossed with "XL" on one side and "20" on the other side of the tablet; available in bottles of 30 tablets:
NDC 42388-024-26
Store CABOMETYX at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions are permitted from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).
Inform patients of the following:
Hemorrhage: Instruct patients to contact their healthcare provider to seek immediate medical attention for signs or symptoms of unusual severe bleeding or hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Diarrhea: Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider at the first signs of poorly formed or loose stool or an increased frequency of bowel movements [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome: Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider for progressive or intolerable rash [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].
Wound healing: Patients should be advised to contact their healthcare provider before any planned surgeries, including dental surgery [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
Drug interactions: Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider of all prescription or nonprescription medication or herbal products that they are taking.
Weight loss: Advise patients to report significant weight loss.
Embryo-fetal toxicity: Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females to contact their healthcare provider if they become pregnant, or if pregnancy is suspected, during treatment with CABOMETYX [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8), Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Females of reproductive potential: Advise patients of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with CABOMETYX and for at least four months after the final dose of CABOMETYX [Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].
Lactation: Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with CABOMETYX and for 4 months following the last dose [Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=3850cce2-6137-42e5-a792-d318c4a4b3b5
新型抗癌口服药Cabometyx（cabozantinib）再次获欧盟批准为肾癌二线治疗新选择
继今年4月获得美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准治疗晚期肾细胞癌（RCC）之后，Exelixis制药公司的口服抗癌药Cabometyx（cabozantinib）近日再获欧盟批准，用于前一次治疗为血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）靶向疗法治疗失败的晚期肾细胞癌。
在欧盟，Cabometyx通过加速审批程序获批，该药是首个在III期临床中在全部3个关键疗效参数方面（总生存期，OS；无进展生存期，PFS；客观缓解率，ORR）均实现强劲的临床意义改善的创新药物。Cabometyx的上市，将为欧洲的晚期肾细胞癌群体提供一种新的二线治疗选择。
Cabometyx的获批，是基于开放标签、事件驱动、大型、随机III期临床研究METEOR的数据。该研究在658例既往接受过至少一次VEGFR-TKI（血管生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂）靶向疗法治疗失败的晚期肾细胞癌（RCC）患者中开展，评估了Cabometyx相对于诺华口服靶向抗癌药Afinitor（everolimus，依维莫司）的疗效和安全性。
数据显示，与Afinitor治疗组相比，Cabometyx治疗组无进展生存期（中位PFS：7.4个月 vs 3.8个月）显著延长，疾病进展或死亡风险显著降低42%。同时，与Afinitor治疗组相比，Cabometyx治疗组客观缓解率（ORR）也得到了统计学意义的显著提高（研究员评估的ORR：24% vs 4%，p＜0.0001；中央审查的ORR：17% vs 3%，p＜0.0001）。此外，与Afinitor治疗组相比，Cabometyx治疗组总生存期（中位OS：21.4个月 vs 16.5个月，p=0.0003）也得到了统计学意义和临床意义的显著改善，死亡率下降34%。
在欧盟，cabozantinib之前已获批用于进行性不可切除性局部晚期或转移性甲状腺髓样癌（medullary thyroid carcinoma，MTC）成人患者的治疗，其品牌名为Cometriq。
今年3月，法国制药公司Ipsen与Exelixis达成了一笔8.55亿美元的协议，获得了cabozantinib在除美国、加拿大、日本以外地区的商业化权利。此次cabozantinib获得欧盟批准治疗晚期肾细胞癌，也触发了ipsen向Exelixis支付一笔6000万美元的里程碑金。
目前，cabozantinib治疗肝细胞癌正处于III期临床，预计将在2017年获得数据。如果cabozantinib收获肝细胞癌适应症，ipsen还将支付一笔5000万美元的里程碑金。