CABOMETYX(cabozantinib)片获批治疗晚期肾细胞癌（RCC）病人一个重要的新选择
2016年4月25日，Exelixis宣布美国FDA批准Cabometyx (cabozantinib) 片剂治疗晚期肾细胞癌的患者，且曾经接受过抗血管生成的治疗。
碾压是一种类型的癌症，其中恶性细胞在肾小管的衬形成。肾癌是肾癌最常见的形式在成人中发现，占所有肾癌的90％左右。据美国癌​​症协会，据估计，62700人被诊断为在美国肾癌在2016年在诊断时的平均年龄为64拥有大约1.7万名患者在美国要求的二线治疗。
CABOMETYX经证明3期临床试验的患者总生存期晚期肾细胞癌，无进展生存期，客观缓解率临床意义的改善了一种新的治疗方法。
常见的不良反应（大于等于25%）包括腹泻、 疲劳、 恶心、 食欲下降、 高血压，呕吐，体重下降和便秘等。40%的患者报道了严重不良反应。最常见的严重不良反应（大于等于 2%），胸腔积液、 腹部疼痛、 恶心、 腹泻。
推荐的剂量:为口服每日60mg。

 
CABOMETYX Rx
Bladder, kidney, and other urologic cancers  Only 4 drugs may be compared at once
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Generic Name and Formulations:
Cabozantinib 20mg, 40mg, 60mg; tabs.
Company:
Exelixis, Inc.
Select therapeutic use: Bladder, kidney, and other urologic cancers
Indications for CABOMETYX:
Treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients who have received prior anti-angiogenic therapy.
Adult:
Do not substitute with cabozantinib caps. Swallow whole. 60mg daily. Do not eat at least 2 hours before or 1 hour after dose. Continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Stop treatment at least 28 days prior to scheduled surgery (including dental). Withhold for Grade 4 adverse reactions, Grade 3 or intolerable Grade 2 adverse reactions that are unmanageable with dose reduction or supportive care. Upon improvement to Grade 1 or to baseline, reduce dose as follows: previously on 60mg daily, resume at 40mg daily; previously on 40mg daily, resume at 20mg daily; previously on 20mg daily, resume at 20mg if tolerated, otherwise discontinue. Concomitant a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor: reduce daily dose by 20mg; resume dose used prior to starting inhibitor 2–3 days after discontinuation of inhibitor. Concomitant a strong CYP3A4 inducer: increase daily dose by 20mg; resume dose used prior to starting inducer 2–3 days after discontinuation of inducer. Max daily dose: 80mg. Mild or moderate hepatic impairment: initially 40mg once daily.
Children:
Not studied.
Warnings/Precautions:
Permanently discontinue if the following occurs: unmanageable GI perforation/fistula, severe hemorrhage, serious arterial thromboembolic events (eg, MI, cerebral infarction), hypertensive crisis or severe hypertension despite optimal medical management, nephrotic syndrome, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Recent history or risk of severe hemorrhage: do not administer. Monitor for GI perforations/fistulas. Monitor BP regularly; withhold for hypertension inadequately controlled with medical management; resume at reduced dose when resolved. Withhold therapy if intolerable Grade 2 diarrhea, unmanageable Grade 3/4 diarrhea, or intolerable Grade 2/3 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPES) develops until improvement to Grade 1; resume at reduced dose. Severe hepatic impairment: not recommended. Embryo-fetal toxicity. Females of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during and for 4 months after final dose. Pregnancy. Nursing mothers: not recommended (during and for 4 months after final dose).
Interactions:
Avoid concomitant strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (eg, boceprevir, clarithromycin, conivaptan, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lopinavir/ritonavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, posaconazole, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, voriconazole, grapefruit or grapefruit juice) and strong CYP3A4 inducers (eg, rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, rifabutin, rifapentine, St. John's Wort); if unavoidable, see Adult dose.
Pharmacological Class:
Kinase inhibitor.
Adverse Reactions:
Diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, PPES, hypertension, vomiting, weight decreased, constipation, lab abnormalities.
Generic Availability:
NO
How Supplied:
Tabs—30
CABOMETYX 60mg

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CABOMETYX™ (cabozantinib) IS NOW APPROVED
IN PATIENTS WHO HAVE RECEIVED PRIOR THERAPY* FOR ADVANCED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (RCC)
Anti-angiogenic therapy.
NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) Category
Recommendation
Cabozantinib (CABOMETYX™) has a Category
 recommendation for patients with advanced clear cell histology RCC after prior treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Significant improvement across 3 endpoints
•Progression-
Free Survival
•Overall Survival
•Objective
Response Rate
One tablet, once-daily dosing
GUIDELINES®, and all other NCCN Content are trademarks owned by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc.
CABOMETYX™ (cabozantinib) is indicated for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients who have received prior anti-angiogenic therapy.
Important Safety Information
Hemorrhage: Severe hemorrhage occurred with CABOMETYX™. The incidence of Grade ≥3 hemorrhagic events was 2.1% in CABOMETYX-treated patients and 1.6% in everolimus-treated patients. Fatal hemorrhages also occurred in the cabozantinib clinical program. Do not administer CABOMETYX to patients that have or are at risk for severe hemorrhage.
Gastrointestinal (GI) Perforations and Fistulas: Fistulas were reported in 1.2% (including 0.6% anal fistula) of CABOMETYX-treated patients and 0% of everolimus-treated patients. GI perforations were reported in 0.9% of CABOMETYX-treated patients and 0.6% of everolimus-treated patients. Fatal perforations occurred in the cabozantinib clinical program. Monitor patients for symptoms of fistulas and perforations. Discontinue CABOMETYX in patients who experience a fistula that cannot be appropriately managed or a GI perforation.
Thrombotic Events: CABOMETYX treatment results in an increased incidence of thrombotic events. Venous thromboembolism was reported in 7.3% of CABOMETYX-treated patients and 2.5% of everolimus-treated patients. Pulmonary embolism occurred in 3.9% of CABOMETYX-treated patients and 0.3% of everolimus-treated patients. Events of arterial thromboembolism were reported in 0.9% of CABOMETYX-treated patients and 0.3% of everolimus-treated patients. Fatal thrombotic events occurred in the cabozantinib clinical program. Discontinue CABOMETYX in patients who develop an acute myocardial infarction or any other arterial thromboembolic complication.
Hypertension and Hypertensive Crisis: CABOMETYX treatment results in an increased incidence of treatment-emergent hypertension. Hypertension was reported in 37% (15% Grade ≥3) of CABOMETYX-treated patients and 7.1% (3.1% Grade ≥3) of everolimus-treated patients. Monitor blood pressure prior to initiation and regularly during CABOMETYX treatment. Withhold CABOMETYX for hypertension that is not adequately controlled with medical management; when controlled, resume CABOMETYX at a reduced dose. Discontinue CABOMETYX for severe hypertension that cannot be controlled with anti-hypertensive therapy. Discontinue CABOMETYX if there is evidence of hypertensive crisis or severe hypertension despite optimal medical management.
Diarrhea: Diarrhea occurred in 74% of patients treated with CABOMETYX and in 28% of patients treated with everolimus. Grade 3 diarrhea occurred in 11% of CABOMETYX-treated patients and in 2% of everolimus-treated patients. Withhold CABOMETYX in patients who develop intolerable Grade 2 diarrhea or Grade 3-4 diarrhea that cannot be managed with standard antidiarrheal treatments until improvement to Grade 1; resume CABOMETYX at a reduced dose. Dose modification due to diarrhea occurred in 26% of patients.
Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia Syndrome (PPES): PPES occurred in 42% of patients treated with CABOMETYX and in 6% of patients treated with everolimus. Grade 3 PPES occurred in 8.2% of CABOMETYX-treated patients and in <1% of everolimus-treated patients. Withhold CABOMETYX in patients who develop intolerable Grade 2 PPES or Grade 3 PPES until improvement to Grade 1; resume CABOMETYX at a reduced dose. Dose modification due to PPES occurred in 16% of patients.
Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS): RPLS, a syndrome of subcortical vasogenic edema diagnosed by characteristic finding on MRI, occurred in the cabozantinib clinical program. Perform an evaluation for RPLS in any patient presenting with seizures, headache, visual disturbances, confusion, or altered mental function. Discontinue CABOMETYX in patients who develop RPLS.
Embryo-fetal Toxicity: CABOMETYX can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with CABOMETYX and for 4 months after the last dose.
Adverse Reactions: The most commonly reported (≥25%) adverse reactions are: diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, PPES, hypertension, vomiting, weight decreased, and constipation.
Drug Interactions: Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers: Reduce the dosage of CABOMETYX if concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors cannot be avoided. Increase the dosage of CABOMETYX if concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inducers cannot be avoided.
Lactation: Advise a lactating woman not to breastfeed during treatment with CABOMETYX and for 4 months after the final dose.
Reproductive Potential: Contraception―Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with CABOMETYX and for 4 months after the final dose. Infertility―CABOMETYX may impair fertility in females and males of reproductive potential.
Hepatic Impairment: Reduce the CABOMETYX dose in patients with mild (Child-Pugh score [C-P] A) or moderate (C-P B) hepatic impairment. CABOMETYX is not .