部份中文己酮可可碱处方资料（仅限供参考） 【分类】血管扩张药 【别名】活脑灵；己酮可可豆碱，己酮可可碱，丁咯地尔，己酮可可碱，潘通，循能泰 【外文名】Pentoxifylline，Trental，Pentomer，PentoxifyllineOxpentifylline 【适应症】 用于血栓闭塞性脉管炎、脑血管障碍、血管性头痛等。脑部供血不足(脑部血管硬化/栓塞、老年痴呆症)，末梢血管病、Raynaud氏病、耳蜗扰乱症、冻疮及缺氧所产生的痛症。 【用量用法】 ①口服：1次200～600mg，1日3次。静注：1次100～200mg，需缓慢。静滴：每日100～400mg，溶于250～500ml的5%葡萄糖液中，滴注90～180分钟。 ②片剂450-600mg/日，分2-3次服用，注射液50-200mg/日，静脉或肌肉注射，静滴。 【注意事项】 1.少数病人服后有胃部不适、恶心、头昏等不良反应。 2.新近心肌梗塞、严重冠状动脉硬化并有高血压者禁用。 3.孕妇不宜使用。 4.个别病人发生视力模糊，过敏性皮疹和皮肤瘙痒等，对肝脏、血象也有影响。5.肝脏疾病患者慎用。 【禁忌】急性脑溢血、严重动脉出血患者，妊娠及哺乳妇女。 【规格】 ①片剂：每片100mg。注射液：每支100mg(5ml)。 ②片剂150mgx30片。300mgx20片。注射液50mg/5mlx5支。 TRENTAL 100 mg/5ml. 5 ampoules What is Trental and what it is used. Active substance-pentoxifyllin / nentoksifilin Trental One ampoule of 5ml contains 100mg pentoxifyllin. Excipients: sodium chloride, water for injections packing: 5 ampoules Therapeutic indications: (What is Trental) Peripheral arterial and arteriovenous abnormalities in blood supply, net of atherosclerotic, diabetes, inflammation or functional origin; intermittent claudication ilibolka at rest, diabetic angiopathy, obliterative endangiit; trophic disorders (post-thrombotic syndrome, leg ulcers, gangrene); angionevropatii. Ocular disorders of blood flow (acute and chronic disorders of the blood flow in the retina and choroid). Functional disorders of the inner ear, hearing impaired, sudden hearing loss, etc., Due to violations of the blood supply. Conditions of reduced blood supply to the brain (ischemic conditions, impaired brain function of vascular origin with symptoms such as lack of concentration, dizziness, forgetfulness). 2. Before you take Trental. Do not take Trental if you have: - Recent myocardial infarction; - Massive bleeding; - Extensive retinal bleeding; - Hypersensitivity to the excipients, pentoxifylline or other methylxanthines; Special warnings and precautions: Severe cardiac and cerebrovascular sclerosis with high blood pressure are considered relative contraindications to parenteral therapy. Patients with severe heart rhythm disorders or myocardial infarction should be monitored very carefully. Release of pentoxifylline from the body may be delayed in patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance less than 30mg / min.) Or severe liver dysfunction. In these cases it is necessary to decrease the dose and subsequently follow. Interactions with other drugs and other forms of interaction: During the use of Trental action of these drugs may increase in some patients: - Drugs that lower blood pressure (antihypertensives): blood pressure may be further reduced. - Anticoagulants: patients with a tendency to excessive bleeding during concomitant use of anticoagulants with pentoxifylline should be monitored very carefully because bleeding may increase. - Antidiabetic drugs for oral administration, insulin, may experience more pronounced decrease in blood sugar, which can lead to hypoglycemic reactions. - Theophylline: possible increased blood levels of theophylline, which can lead to increased adverse effects. Pregnancy and lactation: Trental should not be used during pregnancy because there is insufficient experience with its use in pregnant women. During lactation pentoksifilinat passes into breast milk, but babies receive only a very small amount of the substance. However, the use of Trental during lactation should be restricted and only be used in duly justified cases. Effects on ability to drive and use machines: Are not known. 3. How to take Trental. Dosage and Administration: Depending on the severity of the disease can be carried out only treatment with tablets by mouth (orally), combined oral treatment infusion through a vein (oral and parenteral) or only infusion through a vein (parenteral). In patients with low or variable blood pressure may be material needs special dosage instructions. Parenteral treatment (infusion into a vein): Trental ampoules caution: Trental should not be administered by intravenous infusion. Yield 5 ml vials containing 100 mg active substance. Must be complied with specified duration of infusion. In patients with hypotension (low blood pressure) or circulatory disorders infuziyannoto therapy should be initiated at a low dose and gradually increase, since in such cases can lead to a transient drop in blood pressure tends to collapse, and sometimes simptomi.Spetsialno to angina treatment should be performed in patients with heart failure. To avoid large amounts of fluids during the treatment of such infuziyannoto patsienti.Intravenozna infusion infusion therapy can be carried out by the following scheme, depending on the severity of the disease, body weight and tolerance. Infusion of 100-600 mg of pentoxifylline in 100-500 ml solution once or twice a day. As a carrier can be physiological saline, or other conventional solution. In some cases you have to test compatibility with nositelya.Prodalzhitelnostta infusion is 60 minutes / 100 mg of pentoxifylline. The amount of pentoxifylline, administered by intravenous infusion, should be supplemented by oral treatment with delayed release tablets containing 400 mg or 600 mg of active substance. The total daily dose (parenteral + oral) should not significantly exceed 1200mg pentoxifylline. In advanced disease, particularly in patients with severe pain at rest, gangrene or ulceration can be demonstrated 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion of Trental. The dosage should be calculated on the basis of 0.6mg / kg pentoxifylline hour. In adults, with an average body weight should not exceed a maximum dose of pentoxifylline 1200mg per 24 hours. Infusion volume is determined taking into account the possible underlying diseases. Usually the volume is between 1 and 1.5 liters per 24 hours. subsequent treatment Once you have improved treatment can be continued with tabletki.Prodalzhitelnostta treatment should be tailored to the individual and the severity of the disease is determined by the doctor. 4. Possible side effects. Many adverse reactions associated with the parenteral administration of Trental can be avoided by reducing the rate of infusion. Gastrointestinal / liver / bile ducts Sometimes may occur gastrointestinal complaints such as nausea, vomiting, feeling of fullness, heaviness in the stomach and diarrhea. Very rarely can occur cholestasis (intrahepatic cholestasis) and elevation of liver enzymes (transaminases, alkaline phosphatase). Cardiovascular Can sometimes redness of the face with a warm feeling, rarely observed abnormal heart rhythm arrhythmia (eg. Palpitations, very rare-reduction in blood pressure and angina). These symptoms have occurred mainly after administration of high doses. Hypersensitivity reactions: Hypersensitivity reactions such as itching, erythema, urticaria occur ryadko.Ima isolated reports of severe hypersensitivity reactions, which ryazvivat for several minutes after administration (angioneurotic edema, spasm of the bronchial musculature, anaphylactic shock). Administration of the drug should be discontinued at the first sign of hypersensitivity. Blood and blood cells: There are very rare reports of bleeding episodes (eg. In the skin, mucous membranes, stomach and intestines) during treatment with Trental. In some cases a decrease of platelets (thrombocytopenia). other: Dizziness and headaches are common side effects. Very rarely, anxiety and insomnia. Overdose (If you take 400 or more Trental Trental): a) Symptoms of overdose / intoxication? Dizziness, nausea, decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, flushing, loss of consciousness, fever, agitation, areflexia, tonic-clonic seizures, vomiting fabrics type of ground coffee and arrhythmias. b) Therapeutic measures in case of intoxication If it is not too much time elapsed from overdose may perform gastric lavage or further absorption of the active substance may be delayed by an active vaglen.Lechenieto should be symptomatic, as no specific antidote is known. You may need monitoring in intensive care conditions to avoid uslozhneniya.v) Immediate measures in case of severe hypersensitivity reactions (shock) At the first signs (eg. Skin reactions such as urticaria, flushing, restlessness, headache, sweating, nausea) infusion is stopped, intravenous system left in place or creating venous access. As with the usual emergency measures, lifting legs, respiratory system must be kept clear and fed oxygen. Immediate treatment: - Adrenaline (epinephrine) intravenously immediately. After dilution to 1 ml of a commercial solution of epinephrine 1: 1000 to 10 ml, using a solution - 1: 10000, first slowly inject 1 ml (= 0.1 mg adrenaline) by the pulse and blood pressure (attention arrhythmias). The dose of adrenaline may not be repeated. - Then intravenous volume expansion, eg. volume expanders (colloids), Ringer's lactate. - Additional intravenous glucocorticoid, e. 250-1000 mg methylprednisolone. The dose of the glucocorticoid may be repeated. Dosing instructions apply to normal-weight adult. In children, the dose should be adjusted depending on the weight. Depending on the clinical symptoms should consider further clinical measures of treatment: eg. artificial respiration, antagonists of histamine. In case of circulatory arest- resuscitation according to the usual recommendations. 5. How to store Trental. Do not use after the expiry date. Do not store above 25 ° C Keep out of reach of children.