新类糖尿病口服药Jardiance(empagliflozin)片获FDA批准上市，结合饮食及运动用于2型糖尿病成人患者的治疗，以改善血糖控制。Jardiance是一种钠糖共转运蛋白2（SGLT2）抑制剂，可阻断肾脏对葡萄糖的重吸收，增加葡萄糖排泄，降低血糖水平。 2014年8月1日，美国食品药品监督管理局FDA批准Jardiance(empagliflozin)片在2型糖尿病成年中作为一种添加至饮食和锻炼改善血糖控制。 2型糖尿病影响约26百万人和占美国被诊断为糖尿病病例的90%。随时间，高血糖水平可能增加严重合并症风险，包括心脏病，失明，和神经及肾损伤。 FDA的药品评价和研究中心的药物评价II室主任Curtis J. Rosebraugh, M.D., M.P.H.说：“Jardiance为有2型糖尿病患者医护提供另外治疗选择，”“它可单独使用或添加至存在治疗方案在糖尿病总处理中控制血糖水平。” Jardiance是一种钠葡萄糖共转运蛋白2 (SGLT2)抑制剂。其工作通过阻断被肾脏葡萄糖的再吸收(血糖)，增加葡萄糖排泄，和降低有学葡萄糖水平升高糖尿病的血糖水平。在7项临床试验与4,480例有2型糖尿病患者接受Jardiance中评价药物的安全性和有效性。至关重要试验显示Jardiance比安慰剂改善血红蛋白A1c水平(一种血糖控制的测量)。 Jardiance曾作为一种单独治疗和与其他2型糖尿病治疗联用研究，包括二甲双胍[metformin]， 磺脲类[sulfonylureas]，吡格列酮[pioglitazone]，和胰岛素。以下患者不应使用Jardiance：治疗1型糖尿病人们；其血或尿中酮体增加者(糖尿病酮体酸中毒)；和有严重肾受损者，肾病终末期，或用透析患者。 HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use JARDIANCE safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for JARDIANCE. JARDIANCE ® (empagliflozin) tablets, for oral use Initial U.S. Approval: 2014 RECENT MAJOR CHANGES Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.4) 12/2015 INDICATIONS AND USAGE JARDIANCE is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (1) Limitation of Use: Not for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis (1.1) DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION The recommended dose of JARDIANCE is 10 mg once daily, taken in the morning, with or without food (2.1) Dose may be increased to 25 mg once daily (2.1) Assess renal function before initiating JARDIANCE. Do not initiate JARDIANCE if eGFR is below 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (2.2) Discontinue JARDIANCE if eGFR falls persistently below 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (2.2) DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Tablets: 10 mg, 25 mg (3) CONTRAINDICATIONS History of serious hypersensitivity reaction to JARDIANCE (4) Severe renal impairment, end-stage renal disease, or dialysis (4) WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hypotension: Before initiating JARDIANCE assess and correct volume status in patients with renal impairment, the elderly, in patients with low systolic blood pressure, and in patients on diuretics. Monitor for signs and symptoms during therapy. (5.1) Ketoacidosis: Assess patients who present with signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis for ketoacidosis, regardless of blood glucose level. If suspected, discontinue JARDIANCE, evaluate and treat promptly. Before initiating JARDIANCE, consider risk factors for ketoacidosis. Patients on JARDIANCE may require monitoring and temporary discontinuation of therapy in clinical situations known to predispose to ketoacidosis. (5.2) Impairment in renal function: Monitor renal function during therapy. More frequent monitoring is recommended in patients with eGFR below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (5.3) Urosepsis and Pyelonephritis: Evaluate patients for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections and treat promptly, if indicated (5.4) Hypoglycemia: Consider lowering the dose of insulin secretagogue or insulin to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia when initiating JARDIANCE (5.5) Genital mycotic infections: Monitor and treat as appropriate (5.6) Increased LDL-C: Monitor and treat as appropriate (5.7) Macrovascular outcomes: There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with JARDIANCE (5.8) ADVERSE REACTIONS The most common adverse reactions associated with JARDIANCE (5% or greater incidence) were urinary tract infections and female genital mycotic infections (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-800-542-6257 or 1-800-459-9906 TTY, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy: No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. (8.1) Nursing mothers: Discontinue JARDIANCE or discontinue nursing (8.3) Geriatric patients: Higher incidence of adverse reactions related to volume depletion and reduced renal function (5.1, 5.3, 8.5) Patients with renal impairment: Higher incidence of adverse reactions related to reduced renal function (2.2, 5.3, 8.6) See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling. Revised: 2/2016 FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS* 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE JARDIANCE is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus [see Clinical Studies (14)]. 1.1 Limitation of Use The recommended dose of JARDIANCE is 10 mg once daily in the morning, taken with or without food. In patients tolerating JARDIANCE, the dose may be increased to 25 mg [see Clinical Studies (14)]. In patients with volume depletion, correcting this condition prior to initiation of JARDIANCE is recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Use in Specific Populations (8.5), and Patient Counseling Information (17)]. 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Recommended DosageThe recommended dose of JARDIANCE is 10 mg once daily in the morning, taken with or without food. In patients tolerating JARDIANCE, the dose may be increased to 25 mg [see Clinical Studies (14)]. In patients with volume depletion, correcting this condition prior to initiation of JARDIANCE is recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Use in Specific Populations (8.5), and Patient Counseling Information (17)]. 2.2 Patients with Renal ImpairmentAssessment of renal function is recommended prior to initiation of JARDIANCE and periodically thereafter. JARDIANCE should not be initiated in patients with an eGFR less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. No dose adjustment is needed in patients with an eGFR greater than or equal to 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. JARDIANCE should be discontinued if eGFR is persistently less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.3), and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)]. 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS JARDIANCE (empagliflozin) 10 mg tablets are pale yellow, round, biconvex and bevel-edged, film-coated tablets debossed with “S 10” on one side and the Boehringer Ingelheim company symbol on the other side. JARDIANCE (empagliflozin) 25 mg tablets are pale yellow, oval, biconvex, film-coated tablets debossed with “S 25” on one side and the Boehringer Ingelheim company symbol on the other side. 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS History of serious hypersensitivity reaction to JARDIANCE. Severe renal impairment, end-stage renal disease, or dialysis [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)]. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 5.1 Hypotension JARDIANCE causes intravascular volume contraction. Symptomatic hypotension may occur after initiating JARDIANCE [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] particularly in patients with renal impairment, the elderly, in patients with low systolic blood pressure, and in patients on diuretics. Before initiating JARDIANCE, assess for volume contraction and correct volume status if indicated. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension after initiating therapy and increase monitoring in clinical situations where volume contraction is expected [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)]. 5.2 Ketoacidosis Reports of ketoacidosis, a serious life-threatening condition requiring urgent hospitalization have been identified in postmarketing surveillance in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including JARDIANCE. JARDIANCE is not indicated for the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus [see Indications and Usage (1)]. Patients treated with JARDIANCE who present with signs and symptoms consistent with severe metabolic acidosis should be assessed for ketoacidosis regardless of presenting blood glucose levels, as ketoacidosis associated with JARDIANCE may be present even if blood glucose levels are less than 250 mg/dL. If ketoacidosis is suspected, JARDIANCE should be discontinued, patient should be evaluated, and prompt treatment should be instituted. Treatment of ketoacidosis may require insulin, fluid and carbohydrate replacement. In many of the postmarketing reports, and particularly in patients with type 1 diabetes, the presence of ketoacidosis was not immediately recognized and institution of treatment was delayed because presenting blood glucose levels were below those typically expected for diabetic ketoacidosis (often less than 250 mg/dL). Signs and symptoms at presentation were consistent with dehydration and severe metabolic acidosis and included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, generalized malaise, and shortness of breath. In some but not all cases, factors predisposing to ketoacidosis such as insulin dose reduction, acute febrile illness, reduced caloric intake due to illness or surgery, pancreatic disorders suggesting insulin deficiency (e.g., type 1 diabetes, history of pancreatitis or pancreatic surgery), and alcohol abuse were identified. Before initiating JARDIANCE, consider factors in the patient history that may predispose to ketoacidosis including pancreatic insulin deficiency from any cause, caloric restriction, and alcohol abuse. In patients treated with JARDIANCE consider monitoring for ketoacidosis and temporarily discontinuing JARDIANCE in clinical situations known to predispose to ketoacidosis (e.g., prolonged fasting due to acute illness or surgery). 5.3 Impairment in Renal Function JARDIANCE increases serum creatinine and decreases eGFR [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. The risk of impaired renal function with JARDIANCE is increased in elderly patients and patients with moderate renal impairment. More frequent monitoring of renal function is recommended in these patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5, 8.6)]. Renal function should be evaluated prior to initiating JARDIANCE and periodically thereafter. 5.4 Urosepsis and Pyelonephritis There have been postmarketing reports of serious urinary tract infections including urosepsis and pyelonephritis requiring hospitalization in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors, including JARDIANCE. Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors increases the risk for urinary tract infections. Evaluate patients for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections and treat promptly, if indicated [see Adverse Reactions (6)]. 5.5 Hypoglycemia with Concomitant Use with Insulin and Insulin Secretagogues Insulin and insulin secretagogues are known to cause hypoglycemia. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased when JARDIANCE is used in combination with insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylurea) or insulin [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Therefore, a lower dose of the insulin secretagogue or insulin may be required to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia when used in combination with JARDIANCE. 5.6 Genital Mycotic Infections JARDIANCE increases the risk for genital mycotic infections [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Patients with a history of chronic or recurrent genital mycotic infections were more likely to develop mycotic genital infections. Monitor and treat as appropriate. 5.7 Increased Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) Increases in LDL-C can occur with JARDIANCE [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Monitor and treat as appropriate. 5.8 Macrovascular Outcomes There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with JARDIANCE or any other antidiabetic drug. 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following important adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in the labeling: Hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Ketoacidosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Impairment in Renal Function [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Urosepsis and Pyelonephritis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Hypoglycemia with Concomitant Use with Insulin and Insulin Secretagogues [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] Genital Mycotic Infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] Increased Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Pool of Placebo-Controlled Trials evaluating JARDIANCE 10 and 25 mg The data in Table 1 are derived from a pool of four 24-week placebo-controlled trials and 18-week data from a placebo-controlled trial with insulin. JARDIANCE was used as monotherapy in one trial and as add-on therapy in four trials [see Clinical Studies (14)]. These data reflect exposure of 1976 patients to JARDIANCE with a mean exposure duration of approximately 23 weeks. Patients received placebo (N=995), JARDIANCE 10 mg (N=999), or JARDIANCE 25 mg (N=977) once daily. The mean age of the population was 56 years and 3% were older than 75 years of age. More than half (55%) of the population was male; 46% were White, 50% were Asian, and 3% were Black or African American. At baseline, 57% of the population had diabetes more than 5 years and had a mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 8%. Established microvascular complications of diabetes at baseline included diabetic nephropathy (7%), retinopathy (8%), or neuropathy (16%). Baseline renal function was normal or mildly impaired in 91% of patients and moderately impaired in 9% of patients (mean eGFR 86.8 mL/min/1.73 m2). Table 1 shows common adverse reactions (excluding hypoglycemia) associated with the use of JARDIANCE. The adverse reactions were not present at baseline, occurred more commonly on JARDIANCE than on placebo and occurred in greater than or equal to 2% of patients treated with JARDIANCE 10 mg or JARDIANCE 25 mg. Table 1 Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥2% of Patients Treated with JARDIANCE and Greater than Placebo in Pooled Placebo-Controlled Clinical Studies of JARDIANCE Monotherapy or Combination Therapy Number (%) of Patients Placebo N=995 JARDIANCE 10 mg N=999 JARDIANCE 25 mg N=977 Urinary tract infectiona 7.6% 9.3% 7.6% Female genital mycotic infectionsb 1.5% 5.4% 6.4% Upper respiratory tract infection 3.8% 3.1% 4.0% Increased urinationc 1.0% 3.4% 3.2% Dyslipidemia 3.4% 3.9% 2.9% Arthralgia 2.2% 2.4% 2.3% Male genital mycotic infectionsd 0.4% 3.1% 1.6% Nausea 1.4% 2.3% 1.1% aPredefined adverse event grouping, including, but not limited to, urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis bFemale genital mycotic infections include the following adverse reactions: vulvovaginal mycotic infection, vaginal infection, vulvitis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, genital infection, genital candidiasis, genital infection fungal, genitourinary tract infection, vulvovaginitis, cervicitis, urogenital infection fungal, vaginitis bacterial. Percentages calculated with the number of female subjects in each group as denominator: placebo (N=481), JARDIANCE 10 mg (N=443), JARDIANCE 25 mg (N=420). cPredefined adverse event grouping, including, but not limited to, polyuria, pollakiuria, and nocturia dMale genital mycotic infections include the following adverse reactions: balanoposthitis, balanitis, genital infections fungal, genitourinary tract infection, balanitis candida, scrotal abscess, penile infection. Percentages calculated with the number of male subjects in each group as denominator: placebo (N=514), JARDIANCE 10 mg (N=556), JARDIANCE 25 mg (N=557). Thirst (including polydipsia) was reported in 0%, 1.7%, and 1.5% for placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, and JARDIANCE 25 mg, respectively. Volume Depletion JARDIANCE causes an osmotic diuresis, which may lead to intravascular volume contraction and adverse reactions related to volume depletion. In the pool of five placebo-controlled clinical trials, adverse reactions related to volume depletion (e.g., blood pressure (ambulatory) decreased, blood pressure systolic decreased, dehydration, hypotension, hypovolemia, orthostatic hypotension, and syncope) were reported by 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.3% of patients treated with placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, and JARDIANCE 25 mg respectively. JARDIANCE may increase the risk of hypotension in patients at risk for volume contraction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.5, 8.6)]. Increased Urination In the pool of five placebo-controlled clinical trials, adverse reactions of increased urination (e.g., polyuria, pollakiuria, and nocturia) occurred more frequently on JARDIANCE than on placebo (see Table 1). Specifically, nocturia was reported by 0.4%, 0.3%, and 0.8% of patients treated with placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, and JARDIANCE 25 mg, respectively. Impairment in Renal Function Use of JARDIANCE was associated with increases in serum creatinine and decreases in eGFR (see Table 2). Patients with moderate renal impairment at baseline had larger mean changes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) and Use in Specific Populations (8.5, 8.6)]. Table 2 Changes from Baseline in Serum Creatinine and eGFR in the Pool of Four 24-week Placebo-Controlled Studies and Renal Impairment Study Pool of 24-Week Placebo-Controlled Studies Placebo JARDIANCE 10 mg JARDIANCE 25 mg Baseline Mean N 825 830 822 Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.84 0.85 0.85 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) 87.3 87.1 87.8 Week 12 Change N 771 797 783 Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.00 0.02 0.01 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) -0.3 -1.3 -1.4 Week 24 Change N 708 769 754 Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.00 0.01 0.01 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) -0.3 -0.6 -1.4   Moderate Renal Impairmenta Placebo   JARDIANCE 25 mg Baseline N 187 -- 187 Creatinine (mg/dL) 1.49 -- 1.46 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) 44.3 -- 45.4 Week 12 Change N 176 -- 179 Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.01 -- 0.12 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) 0.1 -- -3.8 Week 24 Change N 170 -- 171 Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.01 -- 0.10 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) 0.2 -- -3.2 Week 52 Change N 164 -- 162 Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.02 -- 0.11 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) -0.3 -- -2.8 aSubset of patients from renal impairment study with eGFR 30 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 Hypoglycemia The incidence of hypoglycemia by study is shown in Table 3. The incidence of hypoglycemia increased when JARDIANCE was administered with insulin or sulfonylurea [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]. Table 3 Incidence of Overalla and Severeb Hypoglycemic Events in Placebo-Controlled Clinical Studies  Monotherapy (24 weeks) Placebo (n=229) JARDIANCE 10 mg (n=224) JARDIANCE 25 mg (n=223) Overall (%) 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% Severe (%) 0% 0% 0% In Combination with Metformin (24 weeks) Placebo + Metformin (n=206) JARDIANCE 10 mg + Metformin (n=217) JARDIANCE 25 mg + Metformin (n=214) Overall (%) 0.5% 1.8% 1.4% Severe (%) 0% 0% 0% In Combination with Metformin + Sulfonylurea (24 weeks) Placebo (n=225) JARDIANCE 10 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea (n=224) JARDIANCE 25 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea (n=217) Overall (%) 8.4% 16.1% 11.5% Severe (%) 0% 0% 0% In Combination with Pioglitazone +/- Metformin (24 weeks) Placebo (n=165) JARDIANCE 10 mg + Pioglitazone +/- Metformin (n=165) JARDIANCE 25 mg + Pioglitazone +/- Metformin (n=168) Overall (%) 1.8% 1.2% 2.4% Severe (%) 0% 0% 0% In Combination with Basal Insulin (18 weeksc) Placebo (n=170) JARDIANCE 10 mg (n=169) JARDIANCE 25 mg (n=155) Overall (%) 20.6% 19.5% 28.4% Severe (%) 0% 0% 1.3% In Combination with MDI Insulin +/- Metformin (18 weeksc) Placebo (n=188) JARDIANCE 10 mg (n=186) JARDIANCE 25 mg (n=189) Overall (%) 37.2% 39.8% 41.3% Severe (%) 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% aOverall hypoglycemic events: plasma or capillary glucose of less than or equal to 70 mg/dL bSevere hypoglycemic events: requiring assistance regardless of blood glucose cInsulin dose could not be adjusted during the initial 18 week treatment period Genital Mycotic Infections In the pool of five placebo-controlled clinical trials, the incidence of genital mycotic infections (e.g., vaginal mycotic infection, vaginal infection, genital infection fungal, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and vulvitis) was increased in patients treated with JARDIANCE compared to placebo, occurring in 0.9%, 4.1%, and 3.7% of patients randomized to placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, and JARDIANCE 25 mg, respectively. Discontinuation from study due to genital infection occurred in 0% of placebo-treated patients and 0.2% of patients treated with either JARDIANCE 10 or 25 mg. Genital mycotic infections occurred more frequently in female than male patients (see Table 1). Phimosis occurred more frequently in male patients treated with JARDIANCE 10 mg (less than 0.1%) and JARDIANCE 25 mg (0.1%) than placebo (0%). Urinary Tract Infections In the pool of five placebo-controlled clinical trials, the incidence of urinary tract infections (e.g., urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, and cystitis) was increased in patients treated with JARDIANCE compared to placebo (see Table 1). Patients with a history of chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections were more likely to experience a urinary tract infection. The rate of treatment discontinuation due to urinary tract infections was 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.1% for placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, and JARDIANCE 25 mg, respectively. Urinary tract infections occurred more frequently in female patients. The incidence of urinary tract infections in female patients randomized to placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, and JARDIANCE 25 mg was 16.6%, 18.4%, and 17.0%, respectively. The incidence of urinary tract infections in male patients randomized to placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, and JARDIANCE 25 mg was 3.2%, 3.6%, and 4.1%, respectively [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Use in Specific Populations (8.5)]. Laboratory Tests Increase in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) Dose-related increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were observed in patients treated with JARDIANCE. LDL-C increased by 2.3%, 4.6%, and 6.5% in patients treated with placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, and JARDIANCE 25 mg, respectively [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]. The range of mean baseline LDL-C levels was 90.3 to 90.6 mg/dL across treatment groups. Increase in Hematocrit In a pool of four placebo-controlled studies, median hematocrit decreased by 1.3% in placebo and increased by 2.8% in JARDIANCE 10 mg and 2.8% in JARDIANCE 25 mg treated patients. At the end of treatment, 0.6%, 2.7%, and 3.5% of patients with hematocrits initially within the reference range had values above the upper limit of the reference range with placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, and JARDIANCE 25 mg, respectively. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience Additional adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of JARDIANCE. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is generally not possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Ketoacidosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Urosepsis and pyelonephritis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Close 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS 7.1 Diuretics Coadministration of empagliflozin with diuretics resulted in increased urine volume and frequency of voids, which might enhance the potential for volume depletion [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. 7.2 Insulin or Insulin Secretagogues Coadministration of empagliflozin with insulin or insulin secretagogues increases the risk for hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]. 7.3 Positive Urine Glucose Test Monitoring glycemic control with urine glucose tests is not recommended in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors as SGLT2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion and will lead to positive urine glucose tests. Use alternative methods to monitor glycemic control. 7.4 Interference with 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) Assay Monitoring glycemic control with 1,5-AG assay is not recommended as measurements of 1,5-AG are unreliable in assessing glycemic control in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors. Use alternative methods to monitor glycemic control. 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Category C There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of JARDIANCE in pregnant women. JARDIANCE should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Based on results from animal studies, empagliflozin may affect renal development and maturation. In studies conducted in rats, empagliflozin crosses the placenta and reaches fetal tissues. During pregnancy, consider appropriate alternative therapies, especially during the second and third trimesters. In a juvenile toxicity study in the rat, when empagliflozin was administered to young rats from postnatal day (PND) 21 until PND 90, at doses of 1, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg/day, increased kidney weights and renal tubular and pelvic dilatation were seen at 100 mg/kg/day, which approximates 13-times the maximum clinical dose of 25 mg, based on AUC. These findings were not observed after a 13 week drug-free recovery period. Empagliflozin was not teratogenic in embryo-fetal development studies in rats and rabbits up to 300 mg/kg/day, which approximates 48-times and 128-times, respectively, the maximum clinical dose of 25 mg. At higher doses, causing maternal toxicity, malformations of limb bones increased in fetuses at 700 mg/kg/day or 154 times the 25 mg maximum clinical dose in rats. In the rabbit, higher doses of empagliflozin resulted in maternal and fetal toxicity at 700 mg/kg/day, or 139 times the 25 mg maximum clinical dose. In pre- and postnatal development studies in pregnant rats, empagliflozin was administered from gestation day 6 through to lactation day 20 (weaning) at up to 100 mg/kg/day (approximately 16 times the 25 mg maximum clinical dose) without maternal toxicity. Reduced body weight was observed in the offspring at greater than or equal to 30 mg/kg/day (approximately 4 times the 25 mg maximum clinical dose). 8.3 Nursing Mothers It is not known if JARDIANCE is excreted in human milk. Empagliflozin is secreted in the milk of lactating rats reaching levels up to 5 times higher than that in maternal plasma. Data in juvenile rats directly exposed to empagliflozin showed risk to the developing kidney (renal pelvic and tubular dilatations) during maturation which were not observed after a 13 week drug-free recovery period. Since human kidney maturation occurs in utero and during the first 2 years of life when lactational exposure may occur, there may be risk to the developing human kidney. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from JARDIANCE, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue JARDIANCE, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of JARDIANCE in pediatric patients under 18 years of age have not been established. 8.5 Geriatric Use No JARDIANCE dosage change is recommended based on age [see Dosage and Administration (2)]. A total of 2721 (32%) patients treated with empagliflozin were 65 years of age and older, and 491 (6%) were 75 years of age and older. JARDIANCE is expected to have diminished efficacy in elderly patients with renal impairment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)]. The risk of volume depletion-related adverse reactions increased in patients who were 75 years of age and older to 2.1%, 2.3%, and 4.4% for placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, and JARDIANCE 25 mg. The risk of urinary tract infections increased in patients who were 75 years of age and older to 10.5%, 15.7%, and 15.1% in patients randomized to placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, and JARDIANCE 25 mg, respectively [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. 8.6 Renal Impairment The efficacy and safety of JARDIANCE were evaluated in a study of patients with mild and moderate renal impairment [see Clinical Studies (14.3)]. In this study, 195 patients exposed to JARDIANCE had an eGFR between 60 and 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, 91 patients exposed to JARDIANCE had an eGFR between 45 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 97 patients exposed to JARDIANCE had an eGFR between 30 and 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. The glucose lowering benefit of JARDIANCE 25 mg decreased in patients with worsening renal function. The risks of renal impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)], volume depletion adverse reactions and urinary tract infection-related adverse reactions increased with worsening renal function. The efficacy and safety of JARDIANCE have not been established in patients with severe renal impairment, with ESRD, or receiving dialysis. JARDIANCE is not expected to be effective in these patient populations [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.3)]. 8.7 Hepatic Impairment JARDIANCE may be used in patients with hepatic impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 10 OVERDOSAGE In the event of an overdose with JARDIANCE, contact the Poison Control Center. Employ the usual supportive measures (e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract, employ clinical monitoring, and institute supportive treatment) as dictated by the patient’s clinical status. Removal of empagliflozin by hemodialysis has not been studied. 11 DESCRIPTION JARDIANCE tablets contain empagliflozin, an orally-active inhibitor of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2). The chemical name of empagliflozin is D-Glucitol,1,5-anhydro-1-C-[4-chloro-3-[[4-[[(3S)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy]phenyl]methyl]phenyl]-, (1S). Its molecular formula is C23H27ClO7 and the molecular weight is 450.91. The structural formula is: Empagliflozin is a white to yellowish, non-hygroscopic powder. It is very slightly soluble in water, sparingly soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol and acetonitrile; soluble in 50% acetonitrile/water; and practically insoluble in toluene. Each film-coated tablet of JARDIANCE contains 10 mg or 25 mg of empagliflozin (free base) and the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, colloidal silicon dioxide and magnesium stearate. In addition, the film coating contains the following inactive ingredients: hypromellose, titanium dioxide, talc, polyethylene glycol, and yellow ferric oxide. 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is the predominant transporter responsible for reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulation. Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of SGLT2. By inhibiting SGLT2, empagliflozin reduces renal reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, and thereby increases urinary glucose excretion. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Urinary Glucose Excretion In patients with type 2 diabetes, urinary glucose excretion increased immediately following a dose of JARDIANCE and was maintained at the end of a 4-week treatment period averaging at approximately 64 grams per day with 10 mg empagliflozin and 78 grams per day with 25 mg JARDIANCE once daily [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Urinary Volume In a 5-day study, mean 24-hour urine volume increase from baseline was 341 mL on Day 1 and 135 mL on Day 5 of empagliflozin 25 mg once daily treatment. Cardiac Electrophysiology In a randomized, placebo-controlled, active-comparator, crossover study, 30 healthy subjects were administered a single oral dose of JARDIANCE 25 mg, JARDIANCE 200 mg (8 times the maximum dose), moxifloxacin, and placebo. No increase in QTc was observed with either 25 mg or 200 mg empagliflozin. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption The pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin has been characterized in healthy volunteers and patients with type 2 diabetes and no clinically relevant differences were noted between the two populations. After oral administration, peak plasma concentrations of empagliflozin were reached at 1.5 hours post-dose. Thereafter, plasma concentrations declined in a biphasic manner with a rapid distribution phase and a relatively slow terminal phase. The steady state mean plasma AUC and Cmax were 1870 nmol·h/L and 259 nmol/L, respectively, with 10 mg empagliflozin once daily treatment, and 4740 nmol·h/L and 687 nmol/L, respectively, with 25 mg empagliflozin once daily treatment. Systemic exposure of empagliflozin increased in a dose-proportional manner in the therapeutic dose range. The single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters of empagliflozin were similar, suggesting linear pharmacokinetics with respect to time. Administration of 25 mg empagliflozin after intake of a high-fat and high-calorie meal resulted in slightly lower exposure; AUC decreased by approximately 16% and Cmax decreased by approximately 37%, compared to fasted condition. The observed effect of food on empagliflozin pharmacokinetics was not considered clinically relevant and empagliflozin may be administered with or without food. Distribution The apparent steady-state volume of distribution was estimated to be 73.8 L based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis. Following administration of an oral [14C]-empagliflozin solution to healthy subjects, the red blood cell partitioning was approximately 36.8% and plasma protein binding was 86.2%. Metabolism No major metabolites of empagliflozin were detected in human plasma and the most abundant metabolites were three glucuronide conjugates (2-O-, 3-O-, and 6-O-glucuronide). Systemic exposure of each metabolite was less than 10% of total drug-related material. In vitro studies suggested that the primary route of metabolism of empagliflozin in humans is glucuronidation by the uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases UGT2B7, UGT1A3, UGT1A8, and UGT1A9. Elimination The apparent terminal elimination half-life of empagliflozin was estimated to be 12.4 h and apparent oral clearance was 10.6 L/h based on the population pharmacokinetic analysis. Following once-daily dosing, up to 22% accumulation, with respect to plasma AUC, was observed at steady-state, which was consistent with empagliflozin half-life. Following administration of an oral [14C]-empagliflozin solution to healthy subjects, approximately 95.6% of the drug-related radioactivity was eliminated in feces (41.2%) or urine (54.4%). The majority of drug-related radioactivity recovered in feces was unchanged parent drug and approximately half of drug-related radioactivity excreted in urine was unchanged parent drug. Specific Populations Renal Impairment In patients with mild (eGFR: 60 to less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), moderate (eGFR: 30 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and severe (eGFR: less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) renal impairment and subjects with kidney failure/end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, AUC of empagliflozin increased by approximately 18%, 20%, 66%, and 48%, respectively, compared to subjects with normal renal function. Peak plasma levels of empagliflozin were similar in subjects with moderate renal impairment and kidney failure/ESRD compared to patients with normal renal function. Peak plasma levels of empagliflozin were roughly 20% higher in subjects with mild and severe renal impairment as compared to subjects with normal renal function. Population pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the apparent oral clearance of empagliflozin decreased, with a decrease in eGFR leading to an increase in drug exposure. However, the fraction of empagliflozin that was excreted unchanged in urine, and urinary glucose excretion, declined with decrease in eGFR. Hepatic Impairment In subjects with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment according to the Child-Pugh classification, AUC of empagliflozin increased by approximately 23%, 47%, and 75%, and Cmax increased by approximately 4%, 23%, and 48%, respectively, compared to subjects with normal hepatic function. Effects of Age, Body Mass Index, Gender, and Race Based on the population PK analysis, age, body mass index (BMI), gender and race (Asians versus primarily Whites) do not have a clinically meaningful effect on pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)]. Pediatric Studies characterizing the pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin in pediatric patients have not been performed. Drug Interactions In vitro Assessment of Drug Interactions In vitro data suggest that the primary route of metabolism of empagliflozin in humans is glucuronidation by the uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases UGT2B7, UGT1A3, UGT1A8, and UGT1A9. Empagliflozin does not inhibit, inactivate, or induce CYP450 isoforms. Empagliflozin also does not inhibit UGT1A1. Therefore, no effect of empagliflozin is anticipated on concomitantly administered drugs that are substrates of the major CYP450 isoforms or UGT1A1. The effect of UGT induction (e.g., induction by rifampicin or any other UGT enzyme inducer) on empagliflozin exposure has not been evaluated. Empagliflozin is a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), but it does not inhibit these efflux transporters at therapeutic doses. Based on in vitro studies, empagliflozin is considered unlikely to cause interactions with drugs that are P-gp substrates. Empagliflozin is a substrate of the human uptake transporters OAT3, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3, but not OAT1 and OCT2. Empagliflozin does not inhibit any of these human uptake transporters at clinically relevant plasma concentrations and, therefore, no effect of empagliflozin is anticipated on concomitantly administered drugs that are substrates of these uptake transporters. In vivo Assessment of Drug Interactions No dose adjustment of JARDIANCE is recommended when coadministered with commonly prescribed medicinal products based on results of the described pharmacokinetic studies. Empagliflozin pharmacokinetics were similar with and without coadministration of metformin, glimepiride, pioglitazone, sitagliptin, linagliptin, warfarin, verapamil, ramipril, simvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, and torasemide in healthy volunteers (see Figure 1). The observed increases in overall exposure (AUC) of empagliflozin following coadministration with gemfibrozil, rifampicin, or probenecid are not clinically relevant. In subjects with normal renal function, coadministration of empagliflozin with probenecid resulted in a 30% decrease in the fraction of empagliflozin excreted in urine without any effect on 24-hour urinary glucose excretion. The relevance of this observation to patients with renal impairment is unknown. Figure 1 Effect of Various Medications on the Pharmacokinetics of Empagliflozin as Displayed as 90% Confidence Interval of Geometric Mean AUC and Cmax Ratios [reference lines indicate 100% (80% - 125%)] aempagliflozin, 50 mg, once daily; bempagliflozin, 25 mg, single dose; cempagliflozin, 25 mg, once daily; dempagliflozin, 10 mg, single dose Empagliflozin had no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of metformin, glimepiride, pioglitazone, sitagliptin, linagliptin, warfarin, digoxin, ramipril, simvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, torasemide, and oral contraceptives when coadministered in healthy volunteers (see Figure 2). Figure 2 Effect of Empagliflozin on the Pharmacokinetics of Various Medications as Displayed as 90% Confidence Interval of Geometric Mean AUC and Cmax Ratios [reference lines indicate 100% (80% - 125%)] empagliflozin, 50 mg, once daily; bempagliflozin, 25 mg, once daily; cempagliflozin, 25 mg, single dose; dadministered as simvastatin; eadministered as warfarin racemic mixture; fadministered as Microgynon®; gadministered as ramipril 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis Carcinogenesis was evaluated in 2-year studies conducted in CD-1 mice and Wistar rats. Empagliflozin did not increase the incidence of tumors in female rats dosed at 100, 300, or 700 mg/kg/day (up to 72 times the exposure from the maximum clinical dose of 25 mg). In male rats, hemangiomas of the mesenteric lymph node were increased significantly at 700 mg/kg/day or approximately 42 times the exposure from a 25 mg clinical dose. Empagliflozin did not increase the incidence of tumors in female mice dosed at 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg/day (up to 62 times the exposure from a 25 mg clinical dose). Renal tubule adenomas and carcinomas were observed in male mice at 1000 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 45 times the exposure of the maximum clinical dose of 25 mg. Mutagenesis Empagliflozin was not mutagenic or clastogenic with or without metabolic activation in the in vitro Ames bacterial mutagenicity assay, the in vitro L5178Y tk+/- mouse lymphoma cell assay, and an in vivo micronucleus assay in rats. Impairment of Fertility Empagliflozin had no effects on mating, fertility or early embryonic development in treated male or female rats up to the high dose of 700 mg/kg/day (approximately 155 times the 25 mg clinical dose in males and females, respectively). 14 CLINICAL STUDIES JARDIANCE has been studied as monotherapy and in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, pioglitazone, linagliptin, and insulin. JARDIANCE has also been studied in patients with type 2 diabetes with mild or moderate renal impairment. In patients with type 2 diabetes, treatment with JARDIANCE reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), compared to placebo. The reduction in HbA1c for JARDIANCE compared with placebo was observed across subgroups including gender, race, geographic region, baseline BMI and duration of disease. 14.1 Monotherapy total of 986 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of JARDIANCE monotherapy. Treatment-naïve patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes entered an open-label placebo run-in for 2 weeks. At the end of the run-in period, patients who remained inadequately controlled and had an HbA1c between 7 and 10% were randomized to placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, JARDIANCE 25 mg, or a reference comparator. At Week 24, treatment with JARDIANCE 10 mg or 25 mg daily provided statistically significant reductions in HbA1c (p-value <0.0001), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and body weight compared with placebo (see Table 4 and Figure 3). Table 4 Results at Week 24 From a Placebo-Controlled Monotherapy Study of JARDIANCE  JARDIANCE 10 mg N=224 JARDIANCE 25 mg N=224 Placebo N=228 HbA1c (%)a   Baseline (mean) 7.9 7.9 7.9   Change from baseline (adjusted mean) -0.7 -0.8 0.1   Difference from placebo (adjusted mean) (97.5% CI) -0.7b (-0.9, -0.6) -0.9b (-1.0, -0.7) --   Patients [n (%)] achieving HbA1c <7% 72 (35%) 88 (44%) 25 (12%) FPG (mg/dL)c   Baseline (mean) 153 153 155   Change from baseline (adjusted mean) -19 -25 12   Difference from placebo (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -31 (-37, -26) -36 (-42, -31) -- Body Weight   Baseline (mean) in kg 78 78 78   % change from baseline (adjusted mean) -2.8 -3.2 -0.4   Difference from placebo (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -2.5b (-3.1, -1.9) -2.8b (-3.4, -2.2) -- aModified intent to treat population. Last observation on study (LOCF) was used to impute missing data at Week 24. At Week 24, 9.4%, 9.4%, and 30.7% was imputed for patients randomized to JARDIANCE 10 mg, JARDIANCE 25 mg, and placebo, respectively. bANCOVA derived p-value <0.0001 (HbA1c: ANCOVA model includes baseline HbA1c, treatment, renal function, and region. Body weight and FPG: same model used as for HbA1c but additionally including baseline body weight/baseline FPG, respectively.) cFPG (mg/dL); for JARDIANCE 10 mg, n=223, for JARDIANCE 25 mg, n=223, and for placebo, n=226 Figure 3 Adjusted Mean HbA1c Change at Each Time Point (Completers) and at Week 24 (mITT Population) - LOCF At Week 24, the systolic blood pressure was statistically significantly reduced compared to placebo by -2.6 mmHg (placebo-adjusted, p-value=0.0231) in patients randomized to 10 mg of JARDIANCE and by -3.4 mmHg (placebo-corrected, p-value=0.0028) in patients randomized to 25 mg of JARDIANCE. 14.2 Combination Therapy Add-On Combination Therapy with Metformin A total of 637 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of JARDIANCE in combination with metformin. Patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on at least 1500 mg of metformin per day entered an open-label 2 week placebo run-in. At the end of the run-in period, patients who remained inadequately controlled and had an HbA1c between 7 and 10% were randomized to placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, or JARDIANCE 25 mg. At Week 24, treatment with JARDIANCE 10 mg or 25 mg daily provided statistically significant reductions in HbA1c (p-value <0.0001), FPG, and body weight compared with placebo (see Table 5). Table 5 Results at Week 24 From a Placebo-Controlled Study for JARDIANCE used in Combination with Metformin  JARDIANCE 10 mg + Metformin N=217 JARDIANCE 25 mg + Metformin N=213 Placebo + Metformin N=207 HbA1c (%)a   Baseline (mean) 7.9 7.9 7.9   Change from baseline (adjusted mean) -0.7 -0.8 -0.1   Difference from placebo + metformin (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -0.6b (-0.7, -0.4) -0.6b (-0.8, -0.5) --   Patients [n (%)] achieving HbA1c <7% 75 (38%) 74 (39%) 23 (13%) FPG (mg/dL)c   Baseline (mean) 155 149 156   Change from baseline (adjusted mean) -20 -22 6   Difference from placebo + metformin (adjusted mean) -26 -29 -- Body Weight   Baseline mean in kg 82 82 80   % change from baseline (adjusted mean) -2.5 -2.9 -0.5   Difference from placebo (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -2.0b (-2.6, -1.4) -2.5b (-3.1, -1.9) -- aModified intent to treat population. Last observation on study (LOCF) was used to impute missing data at Week 24. At Week 24, 9.7%, 14.1%, and 24.6% was imputed for patients randomized to JARDIANCE 10 mg, JARDIANCE 25 mg, and placebo, respectively. bANCOVA p-value <0.0001 (HbA1c: ANCOVA model includes baseline HbA1c, treatment, renal function, and region. Body weight and FPG: same model used as for HbA1c but additionally including baseline body weight/baseline FPG, respectively.) cFPG (mg/dL); for JARDIANCE 10 mg, n=216, for JARDIANCE 25 mg, n=213, and for placebo, n=207 At Week 24, the systolic blood pressure was statistically significantly reduced compared to placebo by -4.1 mmHg (placebo-corrected, p-value <0.0001) for JARDIANCE 10 mg and -4.8 mmHg (placebo-corrected, p-value <0.0001) for JARDIANCE 25 mg. Add-On Combination Therapy with Metformin and Sulfonylurea A total of 666 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of JARDIANCE in combination with metformin plus a sulfonylurea. Patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes on at least 1500 mg per day of metformin and on a sulfonylurea, entered a 2 week open-label placebo run-in. At the end of the run-in, patients who remained inadequately controlled and had an HbA1c between 7% and 10% were randomized to placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, or JARDIANCE 25 mg. Treatment with JARDIANCE 10 mg or 25 mg daily provided statistically significant reductions in HbA1c (p-value <0.0001), FPG, and body weight compared with placebo (see Table 6). Table 6 Results at Week 24 from a Placebo-Controlled Study for JARDIANCE in Combination with Metformin and Sulfonylurea JARDIANCE 10 mg + Metformin + SU N=225 JARDIANCE 25 mg + Metformin + SU N=216 Placebo + Metformin + SU N=225 HbA1c (%)a   Baseline (mean) 8.1 8.1 8.2   Change from baseline (adjusted mean) -0.8 -0.8 -0.2   Difference from placebo (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -0.6b (-0.8, -0.5) -0.6b (-0.7, -0.4) --   Patients [n (%)] achieving HbA1c <7% 55 (26%) 65 (32%) 20 (9%) FPG (mg/dL)c   Baseline (mean) 151 156 152   Change from baseline (adjusted mean) -23 -23 6   Difference from placebo (adjusted mean) -29 -29 -- Body Weight   Baseline mean in kg 77 78 76   % change from baseline (adjusted mean) -2.9 -3.2 -0.5   Difference from placebo (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -2.4b (-3.0, -1.8) -2.7b (-3.3, -2.1) -- aModified intent to treat population. Last observation on study (LOCF) was used to impute missing data at Week 24. At Week 24, 17.8%, 16.7%, and 25.3% was imputed for patients randomized to JARDIANCE 10 mg, JARDIANCE 25 mg, and placebo, respectively. bANCOVA p-value <0.0001 (HbA1c: ANCOVA model includes baseline HbA1c, treatment, renal function, and region. Body weight and FPG: same model used as for HbA1c but additionally including baseline body weight/baseline FPG, respectively.) cFPG (mg/dL); for JARDIANCE 10 mg, n=225, for JARDIANCE 25 mg, n=215, for placebo, n=224 In Combination with Linagliptin as Add-On to Metformin Therapy A total of 686 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in a double-blind, active-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of JARDIANCE 10 mg or 25 mg in combination with linagliptin 5 mg compared to the individual components. Patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on at least 1500 mg of metformin per day entered a single-blind placebo run-in period for 2 weeks. At the end of the run-in period, patients who remained inadequately controlled and had an HbA1c between 7 and 10.5% were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to one of 5 active-treatment arms of JARDIANCE 10 mg or 25 mg, linagliptin 5 mg, or linagliptin 5 mg in combination with 10 mg or 25 mg JARDIANCE as a fixed dose combination tablet. At Week 24, JARDIANCE 10 mg or 25 mg used in combination with linagliptin 5 mg provided statistically significant improvement in HbA1c (p-value <0.0001) and FPG (p-value <0.001) compared to the individual components in patients who had been inadequately controlled on metformin. Treatment with JARDIANCE/linagliptin 25 mg/5 mg or JARDIANCE/linagliptin 10 mg/5 mg daily also resulted in a statistically significant reduction in body weight compared to linagliptin 5 mg (p-value <0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in body weight compared to JARDIANCE alone. Active-Controlled Study versus Glimepiride in Combination with Metformin The efficacy of JARDIANCE was evaluated in a double-blind, glimepiride-controlled, study in 1545 patients with type 2 diabetes with insufficient glycemic control despite metformin therapy. Patients with inadequate glycemic control and an HbA1c between 7% and 10% after a 2-week run-in period were randomized to glimepiride or JARDIANCE 25 mg. At Week 52, JARDIANCE 25 mg and glimepiride lowered HbA1c and FPG (see Table 7, Figure 4). The difference in observed effect size between JARDIANCE 25 mg and glimepiride excluded the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 0.3%. The mean daily dose of glimepiride was 2.7 mg and the maximal approved dose in the United States is 8 mg per day. Table 7 Results at Week 52 from an Active-Controlled Study Comparing JARDIANCE to Glimepiride as Add-On Therapy in Patients Inadequately Controlled on Metformin  JARDIANCE 25 mg + Metformin N=765 Glimepiride + Metformin N=780 HbA1c (%)a   Baseline (mean) 7.9 7.9   Change from baseline (adjusted mean) -0.7 -0.7   Difference from glimepiride (adjusted mean) (97.5% CI) -0.07b (-0.15, 0.01) -- FPG (mg/dL)d   Baseline (mean) 150 150   Change from baseline (adjusted mean) -19 -9   Difference from glimepiride (adjusted mean) -11 -- Body Weight   Baseline mean in kg 82.5 83   % change from baseline (adjusted mean) -3.9 2.0   Difference from glimepiride (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -5.9c (-6.3, -5.5) -- aModified intent to treat population. Last observation on study (LOCF) was used to impute data missing at Week 52. At Week 52, data was imputed for 15.3% and 21.9% of patients randomized to JARDIANCE 25 mg and glimepiride, respectively. bNon-inferior, ANCOVA model p-value <0.0001 (HbA1c: ANCOVA model includes baseline HbA1c, treatment, renal function, and region) cANCOVA p-value <0.0001 (Body weight and FPG: same model used as for HbA1c but additionally including baseline body weight/baseline FPG, respectively.) dFPG (mg/dL); for JARDIANCE 25 mg, n=764, for placebo, n=779 Figure 4 Adjusted mean HbA1c Change at Each Time Point (Completers) and at Week 52 (mITT Population) - LOCF At Week 52, the adjusted mean change from baseline in systolic blood pressure was -3.6 mmHg, compared to 2.2 mmHg for glimepiride. The differences between treatment groups for systolic blood pressure was statistically significant (p-value <0.0001). At Week 104, the adjusted mean change from baseline in HbA1c was -0.75% for JARDIANCE 25 mg and -0.66% for glimepiride. The adjusted mean treatment difference was -0.09% with a 97.5% confidence interval of (-0.32%, 0.15%), excluding the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 0.3%. The mean daily dose of glimepiride was 2.7 mg and the maximal approved dose in the United States is 8 mg per day. The Week 104 analysis included data with and without concomitant glycemic rescue medication, as well as off-treatment data. Missing data for patients not providing any information at the visit were imputed based on the observed off-treatment data. In this multiple imputation analysis, 13.9% of the data were imputed for JARDIANCE 25 mg and 12.9% for glimepiride. At Week 104, JARDIANCE 25 mg daily resulted in a statistically significant difference in change from baseline for body weight compared to glimepiride (-3.1 kg for JARDIANCE 25 mg vs. +1.3 kg for glimepiride; ANCOVA-LOCF, p-value <0.0001). Add-On Combination Therapy with Pioglitazone with or without Metformin A total of 498 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of JARDIANCE in combination with pioglitazone, with or without metformin. Patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes on metformin at a dose of at least 1500 mg per day and pioglitazone at a dose of at least 30 mg per day were placed into an open-label placebo run-in for 2 weeks. Patients with inadequate glycemic control and an HbA1c between 7% and 10% after the run-in period were randomized to placebo, JARDIANCE 10 mg, or JARDIANCE 25 mg. Treatment with JARDIANCE 10 mg or 25 mg daily resulted in statistically significant reductions in HbA1c (p-value <0.0001), FPG, and body weight compared with placebo (see Table 8). Table 8 Results of Placebo-Controlled Study for JARDIANCE in Combination Therapy with Pioglitazone  JARDIANCE 10 mg + Pioglitazone N=165 JARDIANCE 25 mg + Pioglitazone N=168 Placebo + Pioglitazone N=165 HbA1c (%)a   Baseline (mean) 8.1 8.1 8.2   Change from baseline (adjusted mean) -0.6 -0.7 -0.1   Difference from placebo + pioglitazone (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -0.5b (-0.7, -0.3) -0.6b (-0.8, -0.4) --   Patients [n (%)] achieving HbA1c <7% 36 (24%) 48 (30%) 12 (8%) FPG (mg/dL)c   Baseline (mean) 152 152 152   Change from baseline (adjusted mean) -17 -22 7   Difference from placebo + pioglitazone (adjusted mean) (97.5% CI) -23b (-31.8, -15.2) -28b (-36.7, -20.2) -- Body Weight   Baseline mean in kg 78 79 78   % change from baseline (adjusted mean) -2.0 -1.8 0.6   Difference from placebo (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -2.6b (-3.4, -1.8) -2.4b (-3.2, -1.6) -- aModified intent to treat population. Last observation on study (LOCF) was used to impute missing data at Week 24. At Week 24, 10.9%, 8.3%, and 20.6% was imputed for patients randomized to JARDIANCE 10 mg, JARDIANCE 25 mg, and placebo, respectively. bANCOVA p-value <0.0001 (HbA1c: ANCOVA model includes baseline HbA1c, treatment, renal function, and background medication. Body weight and FPG: same model used as for HbA1c but additionally including baseline body weight/baseline FPG, respectively.) cFPG (mg/dL); for JARDIANCE 10 mg, n=163 Add-On Combination with Insulin with or without Metformin and/or Sulfonylureas A total of 494 patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on insulin, or insulin in combination with oral drugs participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of JARDIANCE as add-on therapy to insulin over 78 weeks. Patients entered a 2-week placebo run-in period on basal insulin (e.g., insulin glargine, insulin detemir, or NPH insulin) with or without metformin and/or sulfonylurea background therapy. Following the run-in period, patients with inadequate glycemic control were randomized to the addition of JARDIANCE 10 mg, JARDIANCE 25 mg, or placebo. Patients were maintained on a stable dose of insulin prior to enrollment, during the run-in period, and during the first 18 weeks of treatment. For the remaining 60 weeks, insulin could be adjusted. The mean total daily insulin dose at baseline for JARDIANCE 10 mg, 25 mg, and placebo was 45 IU, 48 IU, and 48 IU, respectively. JARDIANCE used in combination with insulin (with or without metformin and/or sulfonylurea) provided statistically significant reductions in HbA1c and FPG compared to placebo after both 18 and 78 weeks of treatment (see Table 9). JARDIANCE 10 mg or 25 mg daily also resulted in statistically significantly greater percent body weight reduction compared to placebo. Table 9 Results at Week 18 and 78 for a Placebo-Controlled Study for JARDIANCE in Combination with Insulin  18 weeks (no insulin adjustment) 78 weeks (adjustable insulin dose after 18 weeks)   JARDIANCE 10 mg + Insulin N=169 JARDIANCE 25 mg + Insulin N=155 Placebo + Insulin N=170 JARDIANCE 10 mg + Insulin N=169 JARDIANCE 25 mg + Insulin N=155 Placebo + Insulin N=170 HbA1c (%)a   Baseline (mean) 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.2   Change from baseline (adjusted mean) -0.6 -0.7 0 -0.4 -0.6 0.1   Difference from placebo (adjusted mean) (97.5% CI) -0.6b (-0.8, -0.4) -0.7b (-0.9, -0.5) -- -0.5b (-0.7, -0.3) -0.7b (-0.9, -0.5) --   Patients (%) achieving HbA1c <7% 18.0 19.5 5.5 12.0 17.5 6.7 FPG (mg/dL)   Baseline (mean) 138 146 142 138 146 142   Change from baseline (adjusted mean, SE) -17.9 (3.2) -19.1 (3.3) 10.4 (3.1) -10.1 (3.2) -15.2 (3.4) 2.8 (3.2)   Difference from placebo (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -28.2b (-37.0, -19.5) -29.5b (-38.4, -20.6) -- -12.9c (-21.9, 3.9) -17.9b (-27.0, -8.8) -- Body Weight   Baseline mean in kg 92 95 90 92 95 90   % change from baseline (adjusted mean) -1.8 -1.4 -0.1 -2.4 -2.4 0.7   Difference from placebo (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -1.7d (-3.0, -0.5) -1.3e (-2.5, -0.0) -- -3.0b (-4.4, -1.7) -3.0b (-4.4, -1.6) -- aModified intent to treat population. Last observation on study (LOCF) was used to impute missing data at Week 18 and 78. At Week 18, 21.3%, 30.3%, and 21.8% was imputed for patients randomized to JARDIANCE 10 mg, JARDIANCE 25 mg, and placebo, respectively. At Week 78, 32.5%, 38.1% and 42.4% was imputed for patients randomized to JARDIANCE 10 mg, JARDIANCE 25 mg, and placebo, respectively bANCOVA p-value <0.0001 (HbA1c: ANCOVA model includes baseline HbA1c, treatment, and region; FPG: MMRM model includes baseline FPG, baseline HbA1c, treatment, region, visit and visit by treatment interaction. Body weight: MMRM model includes baseline body weight, baseline HbA1c, treatment, region, visit and visit by treatment interaction. cp-value=0.0049 dp-value=0.0052 ep-value=0.0463 Add-on Combination with MDI Insulin with or without Metformin A total of 563 patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulin (total daily dose >60 IU), alone or in combination with metformin, participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of JARDIANCE as add-on therapy to MDI insulin over 18 weeks. Patients entered a 2-week placebo run-in period on MDI insulin with or without metformin background therapy. Following the run-in period, patients with inadequate glycemic control were randomized to the addition of JARDIANCE 10 mg, JARDIANCE 25 mg, or placebo. Patients were maintained on a stable dose of insulin prior to enrollment, during the run-in period, and during the first 18 weeks of treatment. The mean total daily insulin dose at baseline for JARDIANCE 10 mg, JARDIANCE 25 mg, and placebo was 88.6 IU, 90.4 IU, and 89.9 IU, respectively. JARDIANCE 10 mg or 25 mg daily used in combination with MDI insulin (with or without metformin) provided statistically significant reductions in HbA1c compared to placebo after 18 weeks of treatment (see Table 10). Table 10 Results at Week 18 for a Placebo-Controlled Study for JARDIANCE in Combination with Insulin and with or without Metformin  JARDIANCE 10 mg + Insulin +/- Metformin N=186 JARDIANCE 25 mg + Insulin +/- Metformin N=189 Placebo + Insulin +/- Metformin N=188 HbA1c (%)a   Baseline (mean) 8.4 8.3 8.3   Change from baseline (adjusted mean) -0.9 -1.0 -0.5   Difference from placebo (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -0.4b (-0.6, -0.3) -0.5b (-0.7, -0.4) -- aModified intent to treat population. Last observation on study (LOCF) was used to impute missing data at Week 18. At Week 18, 23.7%, 22.8% and 23.4% was imputed for patients randomized to JARDIANCE 10 mg, JARDIANCE 25 mg, and placebo, respectively. bANCOVA p-value <0.0001 (HbA1c: ANCOVA model includes baseline HbA1c, treatment, renal function, geographical region, and background medication). During an extension period with treatment for up to 52 weeks, insulin could be adjusted to achieve defined glucose target levels. The change from baseline in HbA1c was maintained from 18 to 52 weeks with both JARDIANCE 10 mg and 25 mg. After 52 weeks, JARDIANCE 10 mg or 25 mg daily resulted in statistically greater percent body weight reduction compared to placebo (p-value <0.0001). The mean change in body weight from baseline was -1.95 kg for JARDIANCE 10 mg, and -2.04 kg for JARDIANCE 25 mg. 14.3 Renal Impairment A total of 738 patients with type 2 diabetes and a baseline eGFR less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group to evaluate the efficacy and safety of JARDIANCE in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment. The trial population comprised of 290 patients with mild renal impairment (eGFR 60 to less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), 374 patients with moderate renal impairment (eGFR 30 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and 74 with severe renal impairment (eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2). A total of 194 patients with moderate renal impairment had a baseline eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 180 patients a baseline eGFR of 45 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. At Week 24, JARDIANCE 25 mg provided statistically significant reduction in HbA1c relative to placebo in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (see Table 11). A statistically significant reduction relative to placebo was also observed with JARDIANCE 25 mg in patients with either mild [-0.7 (95% CI: -0.9, -0.5)] or moderate [-0.4 (95% CI: -0.6, -0.3)] renal impairment and with JARDIANCE 10 mg in patients with mild [-0.5 (95% CI: -0.7, -0.3)] renal impairment. The glucose lowering efficacy of JARDIANCE 25 mg decreased with decreasing level of renal function in the mild to moderate range. Least square mean Hb1Ac changes at 24 weeks were -0.6%, -0.5%, and -0.2% for those with a baseline eGFR of 60 to less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, 45 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 30 to less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively [see Dosage and Administration (2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)]. For placebo, least square mean HbA1c changes at 24 weeks were 0.1%, -0.1%, and 0.2% for patients with a baseline eGFR of 60 to less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, 45 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 30 to less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Table 11 Results at Week 24 (LOCF) of Placebo-Controlled Study for JARDIANCE in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Renal Impairment  Mild and Moderate Impairmentb   JARDIANCE 25 mg HbA1c         Number of patients n=284       Comparison vs placebo (adjusted mean) (95% CI) -0.5a (-0.6, -0.4) ap-value <0.0001 (HbA1c: ANCOVA model includes baseline HbA1c, treatment, renal function, and background medication) beGFR 30 to less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2- Modified intent to treat population. Last observation on study (LOCF) was used to impute missing data at Week 24. At Week 24, 24.6% and 26.2% was imputed for patients randomized to JARDIANCE 25 mg and placebo, respectively. For patients with severe renal impairment, the analyses of changes in HbA1c and FPG showed no discernible treatment effect of JARDIANCE 25 mg compared to placebo [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)]. 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING JARDIANCE tablets are available in 10 mg and 25 mg strengths as follows: 10 mg tablets: pale yellow, round, biconvex and bevel-edged, film-coated tablets debossed with “S 10” on one side and the Boehringer Ingelheim company symbol on the other side. Bottles of 30 (NDC 0597-0152-30) Bottles of 90 (NDC 0597-0152-90) Cartons containing 3 blister cards of 10 tablets each (3 x 10) (NDC 0597-0152-37), institutional pack. 25 mg tablets: pale yellow, oval, biconvex film-coated tablets, debossed with “S 25” on one side and the Boehringer Ingelheim company symbol on the other side. Bottles of 30 (NDC 0597-0153-30) Bottles of 90 (NDC 0597-0153-90) Cartons containing 3 blister cards of 10 tablets each (3 x 10) (NDC 0597-0153-37), institutional pack. Dispense in a well-closed container as defined in the USP. Storage Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information). Instructions Instruct patients to read the Patient Information before starting JARDIANCE therapy and to reread it each time the prescription is renewed. Instruct patients to inform their doctor or pharmacist if they develop any unusual symptom, or if any known symptom persists or worsens. Inform patients of the potential risks and benefits of JARDIANCE and of alternative modes of therapy. Also inform patients about the importance of adherence to dietary instructions, regular physical activity, periodic blood glucose monitoring and HbA1c testing, recognition and management of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and assessment for diabetes complications. Advise patients to seek medical advice promptly during periods of stress such as fever, trauma, infection, or surgery, as medication requirements may change. Instruct patients to take JARDIANCE only as prescribed. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as the patient remembers. Advise patients not to double their next dose. Inform patients that the most common adverse reactions associated with the use of JARDIANCE are urinary tract infections and mycotic genital infections. Inform female patients of child bearing age that the use of JARDIANCE during pregnancy has not been studied in humans, and that JARDIANCE should only be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Based on animal data, JARDIANCE may cause fetal harm in the second and third trimesters. Instruct patients to report pregnancies to their physicians as soon as possible. Inform nursing mothers to discontinue JARDIANCE or nursing, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. It is not known if JARDIANCE is excreted in breast milk; however, based on animal data, JARDIANCE may cause harm to nursing infants. Hypotension Inform patients that hypotension may occur with JARDIANCE and advise them to contact their healthcare provider if they experience such symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Inform patients that dehydration may increase the risk for hypotension, and to have adequate fluid intake. Ketoacidosis Inform patients that ketoacidosis has been reported during use of JARDIANCE. Instruct patients to check ketones (when possible) if symptoms consistent with ketoacidosis occur even if blood glucose is not elevated. If symptoms of ketoacidosis (including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tiredness, and labored breathing) occur, instruct patients to discontinue JARDIANCE and seek medical advice immediately [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Serious Urinary Tract Infections Inform patients of the potential for urinary tract infections, which may be serious. Provide them with information on the symptoms of urinary tract infections. Advise them to seek medical advice if such symptoms occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. Genital Mycotic Infections in Females (e.g., Vulvovaginitis) Inform female patients that vaginal yeast infections may occur and provide them with information on the signs and symptoms of vaginal yeast infections. Advise them of treatment options and when to seek medical advice [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]. Genital Mycotic Infections in Males (e.g., Balanitis or Balanoposthitis) Inform male patients that yeast infection of penis (e.g., balanitis or balanoposthitis) may occur, especially in uncircumcised males and patients with chronic and recurrent infections. Provide them with information on the signs and symptoms of balanitis and balanoposthitis (rash or redness of the glans or foreskin of the penis). Advise them of treatment options and when to seek medical advice [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]. Laboratory Tests Inform patients that renal function should be assessed prior to initiation of JARDIANCE and monitored periodically thereafter. Inform patients that elevated glucose in urinalysis is expected when taking JARDIANCE. Inform patients that response to all diabetic therapies should be monitored by periodic measurements of blood glucose and HbA1c levels, with a goal of decreasing these levels toward the normal range. Hemoglobin A1c monitoring is especially useful for evaluating long-term glycemic control. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=faf3dd6a-9cd0-39c2-0d2e-232cb3f67565 Jardiance®（恩格列净）是唯一在心血管终点研究中显示能同时降低心血管风险和心血管死亡的降糖药 ■Jardiance®达到了心血管结局主要终点并显著降低了心血管事件风险较高的糖尿病患者的心血管死亡率 ■EMPA-REG OUTCOME® 研究结果于今天在第51届欧洲糖尿病研究学会年会上公布 德国殷格翰和美国印第安纳波利斯，2015年9月17日 — 治疗心血管事件风险较高的2型糖尿病患者时， 在标准治疗方案基础上追加勃林格殷格翰和礼来公司的Jardiance®（恩格列净）显著降低由心血管死亡、非致死性心梗、非致死性脑卒中组成的复合终点的风险达14%。其中心血管死亡降低38%，在降低非致死性心梗、非致死性脑卒中风险方面无显著差异。 另外，使用Jardiance®治疗减少了全因死亡风险 （32%）及因心衰引起的住院 （35%）。 该研究的首席研究者，加拿大Mount Sinai医院糖尿病中心主任、多伦多大学Lunenfel Tanenbaum研究中心高级科学家、内科教授Bernard Zinman指出:“对伴有心血管风险的几千万2型糖尿病患者来说这些结果是新颖的、激动人心的。降低心血管事件的负担，包括心血管死亡，是糖尿病管理的核心，而目前为止还没有一个单一的糖尿病药物可以降低死亡率。” “在此项试验中，恩格列净预防了三分之一的心血管死亡事件。” 心血管事件风险较高的2型糖尿病患者的平均预期寿命缩短达12年1，近50%的2型糖尿病患者的死亡事件都是由心血管疾病导致2,3。在此项研究中所观察到的恩格列净的效应是在标准治疗基础之上的额外效应。 这意味着所观察到的获益是在患者已经接受的抗糖尿病和∕或心血管疾病治疗药物（如降压药和降胆固醇药）之外的。 “EMPA-REG OUTCOME研究结果对医疗健康专业人士和患者来说是振奋人心的。”未参与该研究的哈佛医学院内科教授、Brigham and Women医院心血管科 Christopher Cannon医生评论道，“该研究中的患者已经接受被证明可以减少心血管事件的药物。恩格列净可以在这些药物的基础上进一步降低心血管死亡风险，这是一个非常重要的发现。” 恩格列净的此项研究结果显示的总体安全性特征与既往研究结果一致。糖尿病酮症酸中毒的发生率等于或低于0.1%且均衡分布在各个治疗组。 这些数据于今天在瑞典斯德哥尔摩举行的第51届欧洲糖尿病研究学会年会上公布，并同时发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》。 “勃林格殷格翰和礼来糖尿病联盟非常高兴与医疗健康界分享EMPA-REG OUTCOME® 研究的结果。”勃林格殷格翰全球医学副总裁，Hans-Juergen Woerle教授说道，“心血管疾病是全球糖尿病患者首要致死原因，降低心血管风险包括死亡率成为糖尿病管理的关键。” 关于EMPA-REG OUTCOME®研究 EMPA-REG OUTCOME® 研究是一项长期、多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验。在全球42个国家纳入超过7,000名心血管事件风险较高的2型糖尿病成人患者。在超过3.1年的中位观察期内共发生了772件主要终点事件。 该研究设计的目的是评估在标准治疗基础上追加Jardiance®（10毫克或25毫克每天）与在标准治疗基础上追加安慰剂相对照的效应。主要终点定义为至首次发生心血管死亡、至首次非致死性心肌梗死或至首次非致死性脑卒中。研究如达到非劣效效应，则继续测试优效效应。 标准治疗由降糖药和治疗心血管疾病的药物（包括降压药和降胆固醇药）组成。 在7020名接受治疗的患者中，超过97%的患者完成了试验；在试验结束时超过99%患者的关键状态可用。数据分析和研究结果由德国弗莱堡大学及在统计学分析方面国际知名的学术中心独立验证并确认。 关于Jardiance® Jardiance® （恩格列净）是一款新型的、口服、高选择性钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(SGLT2)抑制剂，在美国、欧洲及全球多个国家被批准用于治疗成人2型糖尿病。 Jardiance®通过抑制肾脏对葡萄糖的重吸收，增加葡萄糖排泄，进而降低糖尿病患者的血糖水平。SGLT2抑制剂直接作用于血糖并且不依赖于β细胞功能和胰岛素分泌。 Jardiance®不能用于1型糖尿病或糖尿病酮症酸中毒 （血液中或尿液中酮升高）的患者。