近日，由礼来研发的单抗药物Portrazza（necitumumab 中文译名：耐昔妥珠单抗）获欧盟委员会（EC）批准，联合吉西他滨（gemcitabine）和顺铂（cisplatin），用于既往未接受过化疗治疗的局部晚期或转移性、表达表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）的鳞状非小细胞肺癌（squamous NSCLC）患者的一线治疗。
此次批准，使Portrazza成为欧洲治疗鳞状NSLCLC的首个生物制剂
非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）是最常见的肺癌类型，约占所有肺癌病例的85%。而鳞状NSCLC约占NSCLC的30%，这是一种毁灭性的、很难治疗的肺癌类型，患者不仅要经历极大的病痛折磨，而且预后很差，转移性鳞状NSCLC的5年生存率不足百分之五。
在过去的20年里，鳞状NSCLC治疗领域的进展甚微，尤其是一线治疗，导致该领域存在严重未获满足的医疗需求，晚期群体迫切需要更多的一线治疗方案。
Portrazza的上市，将为晚期鳞状NSCLC群体提供一种额外的一线治疗选择。需要指出的是，Portrazza不适用于非鳞状NSCLC的治疗。
Portrazza是一种靶向性抗癌药，旨在干扰某些癌细胞中一种名为表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）的蛋白。EGFR的激活与恶性进展、诱导血管生成、抑制凋亡或细胞死亡相关。阻断EGFR能够从根本上饿死癌细胞，并引发细胞的毁灭。
批准日期：2015年11月24日[美国] 2016年2月25日[欧洲]  公司：Eli Lilly公司
PORTRAZZA(耐昔妥珠单抗 necitumumab)注射液，为静脉使用
初次批准： 2015
作用机制
Necitumumab是一种重组人lgG1单克隆抗体结合至人表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和阻断EGFR与其配体的结合。EGFR的表达和激活曾与恶性进展，血管生成的诱导，和凋亡的抑制作用相关。在体外Necitumumab的结合诱导EGFR内化和降解。在体外，在EGFR-表达细胞中necitumumab的结合还导致抗体-依赖性细胞细胞毒性(ADCC)。
在体内研究中使用人类癌的异种移植模型，包括非-小细胞肺癌，necitumumab的给予至被移植小鼠导致与吉西他滨和顺铂联用抗肿瘤活性与单独接受吉西他滨和顺铂比较增加抗肿瘤活性。
适应证和用途
PORTRAZZA™是一种表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)拮抗剂适用与吉西他滨和顺铂联用，为有转移鳞状非-小细胞肺癌患者首次线治疗。
使用限制： PORTRAZZA不适用为非-鳞状非-小细胞肺癌的治疗。
剂量和给药方法
PORTRAZZA的推荐剂量是800mg(绝对剂量)为每3-周疗程在第1和8天在历时60分钟静脉输注。
剂型和规格
注射液：在单剂量小瓶中800mg/50mL(16mg/mL)溶液。
禁忌证
无。
警告和注意事项
心跳呼吸骤停：PORTRAZZA期间和后密切监视血清电解质。
低镁血症：PORTRAZZA每次输注前和完成后共至少8周监视。对3或4级电解质异常不给PORTRAZZA；在这些患者一旦电解质异常已改善至≤2级可能被给予PORTRAZZA的随后疗程。必要时补充电解质。
静脉和动脉血栓形成事件(VTE和ATE)：对严重VTE或ATE终止PORTRAZZA。
皮肤学毒性：监视皮肤学毒性和对严重毒性不给或终止PORTRAZZA。限制日光暴露。
输注相关反应： 输注期间和后监视体征和症状。对严重反应终止PORTRAZZA。
增加毒性：非-鳞状NSCLC -增加毒性和增加死亡率。
胚胎胎儿毒性：可能致胎儿危害。忠告生殖潜能妇女对胎儿的潜在风险和使用有效避孕。
不良反应
PORTRAZZA-治疗患者中观察到最常见不良反应(所有级别)在发生率≥30%和≥2%较高于单独吉西他滨和顺铂臂是皮疹和低镁血症。
特殊人群中使用
哺乳：不要哺乳喂养。

PORTRAZZA(necitumumab injection)
Portrazza™ is indicated, in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin, for first-line treatment of patients with metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Portrazza is not indicated for treatment of nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION FOR PORTRAZZA
WARNING: CARDIOPULMONARY ARREST and HYPOMAGNESEMIA
•Cardiopulmonary arrest and/or sudden death occurred in 3% of patients treated with Portrazza in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Closely monitor serum electrolytes, including serum magnesium, potassium, and calcium, with aggressive replacement when warranted during and after Portrazza administration.
•Hypomagnesemia occurred in 83% of patients receiving Portrazza in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin, and was severe in 20% of patients. Monitor patients for hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia prior to each dose of Portrazza during treatment and for at least 8 weeks following completion of Portrazza. Withhold Portrazza for grade 3 or 4 electrolyte abnormalities. Replete electrolytes as medically appropriate.
Warnings and Precautions
Cardiopulmonary Arrest
•Cardiopulmonary arrest or sudden death occurred in 15 (3%) of 538 patients treated with Portrazza plus gemcitabine and cisplatin as compared to 3 (0.6%) of 541 patients treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone in study 1. Twelve of the 15 patients died within 30 days of the last dose of Portrazza and had comorbid conditions including history of coronary artery disease (n=3), hypomagnesemia (n=4), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=7), and hypertension (n=5). Eleven of the 12 patients had an unwitnessed death. Patients with significant coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction within 6 months, uncontrolled hypertension, and uncontrolled congestive heart failure were not enrolled in study 1. The incremental risk of cardiopulmonary arrest or sudden death in patients with a history of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or arrhythmias as compared to those without these comorbid conditions is not known. Closely monitor serum electrolytes, including serum magnesium, potassium, and calcium prior to each infusion of Portrazza during treatment and after Portrazza administration for at least 8 weeks after the last dose. Withhold Portrazza for grade 3 or 4 electrolyte abnormalities; subsequent cycles of Portrazza may be administered in these patients once electrolyte abnormalities have improved to grade <2. Replete electrolytes as medically appropriate.
Hypomagnesemia
•Hypomagnesemia occurred in 83% of 461/538 patients with available laboratory results treated with Portrazza as compared to 70% of 457/541 patients with available laboratory results treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone in study 1. Hypomagnesemia was severe (grade 3 or 4) in 20% of the patients treated with Portrazza compared to 7% of the patients treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone. The median time to development of hypomagnesemia and accompanying electrolyte abnormalities was 6 weeks (25th percentile 4 weeks; 75th percentile 9 weeks) after initiation of Portrazza. Monitor patients for hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia prior to each infusion of Portrazza during treatment, and for at least 8 weeks following the completion of Portrazza. Withhold Portrazza for grade 3 or 4 electrolyte abnormalities; subsequent cycles of Portrazza may be administered in these patients once hypomagnesemia and related electrolyte abnormalities have improved to grade <2. Replete electrolytes as medically appropriate.
Venous and Arterial Thromboembolic Events (VTE and ATE)
•VTE and ATE, some fatal, were observed with Portrazza in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin. In study 1, the incidence of VTE was 9% in patients receiving Portrazza plus gemcitabine and cisplatin versus 5% in patients receiving gemcitabine and cisplatin alone, and the incidence of grade 3 or higher VTEs was 5% versus 3%, respectively. The incidence of fatal VTEs was similar between arms (0.2% vs 0.2%). The most common VTEs were pulmonary embolism (5%) and deep-vein thrombosis (2%).
•The incidence of ATEs of any grade was 5% versus 4%, and the incidence of grade 3 or higher ATE was 4% versus 2% in the Portrazza-containing and gemcitabine and cisplatin arms, respectively, in study 1. The most common ATEs were cerebral stroke and ischemia (2%) and myocardial infarction (1%). In an exploratory analysis of study 1, the relative risk of VTE or ATE was approximately 3-fold higher in patients with a reported history of VTE or ATE than in patients with no reported history of VTE or ATE. Discontinue Portrazza for patients with serious or life-threatening VTE or ATE.
Dermatologic Toxicities
•Dermatologic toxicities, including rash, dermatitis acneiform, acne, dry skin, pruritus, generalized rash, skin fissures, maculo-papular rash, and erythema, occurred in 79% of patients receiving Portrazza in study 1. Skin toxicity was severe in 8% of patients. Skin toxicity usually developed within the first 2 weeks of therapy and resolved within 17 weeks after onset. For grade 3 skin reactions, modify the dose of Portrazza. Limit sun exposure. Discontinue Portrazza for severe (grade 4) skin reactions or grade 3 skin induration/fibrosis.
Infusion-Related Reactions (IRRs)
•In study 1, 1.5% of Portrazza-treated patients experienced IRRs of any severity with 0.4% grade 3 IRRs. No patients received premedication for IRR for the first dose of Portrazza in study 1. Most IRRs occurred after the first or second administration of Portrazza. Monitor patients during and following Portrazza infusion for signs and symptoms of IRR. Discontinue Portrazza for serious or life-threatening IRR.
Nonsquamous NSCLC—Increased Toxicity and Increased Mortality
•Portrazza is not indicated for the treatment of patients with nonsquamous NSCLC. In a study of Portrazza plus pemetrexed and cisplatin (PC) versus PC alone (study 2), patients treated with Portrazza and PC experienced more serious (51% vs 41%) and fatal toxicities (16% vs 10%) and cardiopulmonary arrest/sudden death within 30 days of the last study drug (3.3% vs 1.3%) compared to patients who received PC alone.
Embryofetal Toxicity
•Based on animal data and its mechanism of action, Portrazza can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Disruption or depletion of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in animal models results in impairment of embryofetal development, including effects on placental, lung, cardiac, skin, and neural development. The absence of EGFR signaling has resulted in embryolethality as well as postnatal death in animals. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Portrazza and for 3 months following the final dose.
Most Common Adverse Reactions
•Adverse reactions (all grades; grade 3/4) that occurred at an incidence rate of >5% (all grades) or a >2% (grade 3/4) difference between patients receiving Portrazza plus gemcitabine and cisplatin versus gemcitabine and cisplatin alone in study 1 were rash (44% vs 6%; 4% vs 0.2%), dermatitis acneiform (15% vs 0.6%; 1% vs 0%), acne (9% vs 0.6%; 0.4% vs 0%), pruritus (7% vs 0.9%; 0.2% vs 0.2%), dry skin (7% vs 1%; 0% vs 0%), skin fissures (5% vs 0%; 0.4% vs 0%), vomiting (29% vs 25%; 3% vs 0.9%), diarrhea (16% vs 11%; 2% vs 1%), stomatitis (11% vs 6%; 1% vs 0.6%), weight decreased (13% vs 6%; 0.7% vs 0.6%), hemoptysis (10% vs 5%; 1% vs 0.9%), pulmonary embolism (5% vs 2%; 4% vs 2%), headache (11% vs 6%; 0% vs 0.4%), VTE (9% vs 5%; 5% vs 3%), paronychia (7% vs 0.2%; 0.4% vs 0%), and conjunctivitis (7% vs 2%; 0.4% vs 0%).
•The most common adverse reactions (all grades) observed in Portrazza-treated patients at a rate of >15% and >2% higher than gemcitabine and cisplatin alone were rash (44% vs 6%), vomiting (29% vs 25%), diarrhea (16% vs 11%), and dermatitis acneiform (15% vs 0.6%).
•The most common severe (grade 3 or higher) adverse events that occurred at a >2% higher rate in Portrazza-treated patients compared to patients treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone were VTE (5%; including pulmonary embolism), rash (4%), and vomiting (3%).
•Clinically relevant adverse reactions (all grades) reported in >1% and <5% of patients treated with Portrazza were dysphagia (3%), oropharyngeal pain (1%), muscle spasms (2%), phlebitis (2%), and hypersensitivity/IRRs (1.5%).
•In study 1, 12% of the patients in the Portrazza arm discontinued study treatment due to an adverse reaction. The most common Portrazza-related toxicity leading to Portrazza discontinuation was skin rash (1%).
•Electrolyte abnormalities (all grades; grade 3 or 4) according to laboratory assessment at an incidence rate of >10% and a >2% difference between arms in patients receiving Portrazza plus gemcitabine and cisplatin versus gemcitabine and cisplatin alone in study 1 included hypomagnesemia (83% vs 70%; 20% vs 7%), hypokalemia (28% vs 18%; 5% vs 3%), hypocalcemia (45% vs 30%; 6% vs 2%), albumin corrected hypocalcemia (36% vs 23%; 4% vs 2%), and hypophosphatemia (31% vs 23%; 8% vs 6%).
•The median time to onset of hypomagnesemia was 6 weeks (25th percentile 4 weeks; 75th percentile 9 weeks). Hypomagnesemia was reported as resolved in 43% of the patients who received Portrazza. In study 1, 32% of the patients in the Portrazza arm and 16% of the patients who received gemcitabine and cisplatin alone received magnesium replacement.
Use in Specific Populations
•Pregnancy: Based on animal data and its mechanism of action, Portrazza can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Disruption or depletion of EGFR in animal models results in impairment of embryofetal development, including effects on placental, lung, cardiac, skin, and neural development. The absence of EGFR signaling has resulted in embryolethality as well as postnatal death in animals. No animal reproduction studies have been conducted with necitumumab. There are no available data for Portrazza exposure in pregnant women. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus and the risk to postnatal development.
•Lactation: There is no information regarding the presence of necitumumab in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from Portrazza, advise a nursing woman not to breastfeed during treatment with Portrazza and for 3 months following the final dose.
•Females of Reproductive Potential: Based on its mechanism of action, Portrazza can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Portrazza and for 3 months following the final dose.
•Geriatric Use: Of the 545 patients in the Portrazza plus gemcitabine and cisplatin arm in Study 1, 213 (39%) were 65 years and over, while 108 (20%) were 70 years and over. In an exploratory subgroup analysis of study 1, the hazard ratio for overall survival in patients 70 years or older was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.42). Of the adverse reactions that occurred at an incidence rate of >5% (all grades) or a >2% (grade 3/4) difference between patients receiving Portrazza plus gemcitabine and cisplatin versus gemcitabine and cisplatin alone, there was a higher incidence (>3%) of venous thromboembolic events including pulmonary embolism in patients age 70 and over compared to those who were younger than age 70.
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产地国家：英国
原产地英文商品名:
PORTRAZZA injection 800mg/50mL/Vial
原产地英文药品名:
necitumumab
中文参考商品译名:
PORTRAZZA注射剂 800毫克/50毫升/瓶 
中文参考药品译名:
耐昔妥珠单抗
生产厂家英文名:
Eli Lilly