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2012年FDA共批准39种新药,为16年来最高,这是按照自然年计算的。如果按照FDA的财年(Fiscal Year,2011.10.1-2012.9.30)计算,35个(和2011年持平)表明原研药企业正蓄势待发,以应对近年来由于专利到期、仿制药竞争带来的销售损失。 当仿制药以更低的成本上市时,品牌药物的销售会暴跌。根据评级机构标准普尔公司的数据,美国主要的制药公司由于药品专利权即将到期,而损失了约210亿美元的收入,而欧洲市场损失约为100亿美元。所以制药行业急需提振销售额,以弥补仿制药带来的损失。2012年专利到期的药物包括赛诺菲和百时美施贵宝公司的心脏病药物Plavix,以及阿斯利康的抗精神病药奎硫平。 2012年FDA共批准39种新药,相比较之下2011和2010年仅分别批准了30种和21种。2012年至少有10种药物通过快速通道,更快地接受审查。FDA发言人Sandy Walsh在一封邮件声明中称,FDA在“处方药使用者收费法案”的指导下,已经达到并超过了它的审查目标。该法案要求医药公司为审批过程提供资金的帮助,作为回报,FDA答应在期限前给出审批意见。 然而,获得监管机构批准也只是制药商斗争中的一小部分。一旦药物进入市场,投资者还将密切关注药物销售情况,因为控制新药物的索赔费用仍是一场日益激烈的斗争。 分析师预计,2012年批准的药物中有一些将获得数十亿美元销售额,如辉瑞制药和百时美施贵宝公司的Eliquis,用于降低心脏节律不齐患者的中风风险。还有许多其他药物,用于治疗罕见病,突显了药物行业更加专注利基产品,包括诺华制药公司治疗库兴氏病的Signifor,以及顶点制药公司治疗一种罕见类型的肺囊肿性纤维化的Kalydeco。 单在12月就有8种新药获批,包括强生公司的Sirturo,用于治疗药物抵抗的结核病,这是近几十年来唯一一个结核药物。而最后一个获批的药物由Salix制药有限公司生产,用于缓解HIV和AIDS患者的腹泻症状。 令人鼓舞的迹象显示,2013年新药批准的回暖可能继续。欧洲药品局于12月18日称,它预计2013年将有54种新药申请,而2012、2011和2010年分别为52、48和34种。 1. 谷卡匹酶(Glucarpidase)——BTG International Inc. 甲氨蝶呤解毒药。甲氨蝶呤为抗叶酸类抗肿瘤药,主要通过对二氢叶酸还原酶的抑制而阻止肿瘤细胞的生长和增殖,其在正常情况下可经肾排泄,但大剂量使用则可能导致肾功能严重受损乃至肾衰竭,而受损的肾脏无法及时清除甲氨蝶呤,使之长时间高水平存在于血液中,可进一步造成肝肾损伤、严重口腔溃疡、肠内膜损伤、皮疹甚至死亡。目前临床上常用的甲氨蝶呤解毒剂为亚叶酸钙,然而对于高剂量甲氨蝶呤所致甲氨蝶呤排泄延迟的缓解不尽理想。是一种应用重组DNA技术,在经遗传工程修饰的大肠杆菌中产生,相对分子质量为83000,其在体内可将甲氨蝶呤转换化为无毒性的代谢产物4-脱氧-4-氨基-N10-甲基蝶酸(DAMPA)和谷氨酸,为体内甲氨蝶呤提供了一条非肾消除途径,从而可有效缓解肾功能障碍用药者的中毒症状。 2. 巨大戟醇甲基丁烯酸酯(Ingenol Mebutate)——LEO Pharma AS 细胞死亡诱导剂,用于日光性角化病(Actinic Keratosis)的局部治疗。光线性角化病又名老年角化病或日光性角化病,是一种由持续日晒引起的癌前病变,可进一步演变为鳞状细胞癌(Squamous Cell Carcinoma)。巨大戟醇甲基丁烯酸酯是从澳大利亚植物Euphorbia peplus的汁液中提取的活性成分,母核为巨大戟醇,可诱导细胞凋亡,但其治疗AK的具体作用机制尚不明确。 3. 阿西替尼(Axitinib)——Pfizer Inc. 多靶点激酶抑制剂(VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2、VEGFR-3、PDGFR、cKIT),用于一线治疗失败的晚期肾癌(Renal Cell Carcinoma)。近期获批用于治疗肾癌的药物包括索拉菲尼(2005年)、舒尼替尼(2006年)、坦西莫司(2007年),依维莫司(2009年),贝伐单抗(2009年)、帕唑帕尼(2009年)。 4. 中文名未知(Vismodegib)——Genentech Inc. (Roche Group) SMO受体(Smoothened Receptor)拮抗剂(阻断Hedgehog信号通路),用于治疗成人晚期基底细胞癌(Basal Cell Carcinoma)。基底细胞癌是三大皮肤癌之一,另两种为鳞状细胞癌、恶性黑色素瘤,Vismodegib是首个被批准用于治疗基底细胞癌的药物。 5. 中文名未知(Ivacaftor)——Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. CFTR(Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator,囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节蛋白)增效剂,用于治疗G551D突变的囊性纤维化(Cystic Fibrosis)。囊性纤维化是白人中最常见的威胁生命的遗传性疾病,该病CFTR基因突变所引起,CFTR的缺陷或缺失可造成肺部细胞膜上离子流通过量减少,最终导致慢性肺部感染以及渐进性肺损伤。美国约48%的CF患者其CFTR基因上有双拷贝F508del突变,40%的患者有单拷贝F508del突变,约4%的患者则有单拷贝G551D突变。F508del突变的个体,其体内CFTR蛋白不能有效地到达细胞表面;而对于G551D突变的个体,其CFTR蛋白虽存在于细胞表面,但并不能发挥正常作用。Ivacaftor通过增强CFTR的离子运输能力,改善CFTR蛋白的功能。 6. 他氟前列腺素(Tafluprost)——Merck & Co. Inc. 前列腺素类似物,用于治疗开角型青光眼(Open-Angle Glaucoma)、眼高压症(Ocular Hypertension)。他氟前列腺素能选择性激动前列腺素FP受体(前列腺素有DP、EP、FP、IP、TP五种亚型),促进房水经葡萄膜巩膜流出,降低眼内压。他氟前列腺素是首个不含防腐剂的前列腺素类似物的滴眼药,药效与拉坦前列腺素(Latanoprost)类似,但持续时间更长。 7. 中文名未知(Lucinactant)——Discovery Laboratories Inc. 肺表面活性剂(西那普肽+ DPPC+ POPG+ PA),用于预防早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(Respiratory Distress Syndrome)。Lucinactant是在西那普肽(Sinapultide)的基础上,根据天然人肺表面活性剂的特点设计而成的产品,用于模拟人肺表面活化蛋白B。 8. 中文名未知(Peginesatide)——Affymax Inc. 促红细胞生成剂,用于治疗接受透析的慢性肾脏病(Chronic Kidney Disease)患者的贫血。Peginesatide是一种聚乙二醇肽,可结合并刺激人类促红细胞生成素受体,通过增加血红蛋白,从而升高网织红细胞计数,达到改善贫血的目的。早在1989年,Amgen公司第一个基因重组药物Epogen(促红细胞生成素)获得FDA的批准,用于各种贫血的治疗,2003年销售额达24.4亿美元。之后,Amgen公司第二代促红细胞生成素Arnesp、Johnson &Johnson的Procrit/Eprex均取得巨大成功。Peginesatide的优势在于,患者只需每月注射一次,而Epogen则需每月注射12次。 9. 中文名未知(Florbetapir F18)——Avid Radiopharmaceuticals(Eli Lilly) 放射性诊断剂,用于阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease)的诊断。Florbetapir F18是一种分子显影剂,患者注射后进行PET(Positron Emission Tomography)扫描,用于检测患者脑内的β-淀粉样蛋白斑。 10. 阿伐那非(Avanafil)——VIVUS Inc. PDE5抑制剂,用于治疗男性勃起功能障碍(Erectile Dysfunction)。同类药物还有西地那非(1998年)、伐地那非(2003年)、他达那非(2003年)。这类药物可以高选择性的抑制人体内PDE5活性,PDE5在阴茎海绵体内表达水平极高,而在人体其他组织和器官中则表达较低。用药后,阴茎海绵体血管平滑肌舒张,血液流量增加,海绵体充血,阴茎勃起,从而产生对阴茎勃起功能障碍的治疗作用。 11. 中文名未知(Taliglucerase alfa)——Protalix BioTherapeutics Inc. & Pfizer Inc. 葡萄糖脑苷酯酶,用于I型戈谢病(Gaucher disease)患者的长期酶替代治疗(long-term enzyme replacement therapy)。Gaucher disease是溶酶体糖脂贮积症中较常见的一种,为常染色体隐性遗传,由于缺乏葡萄糖脑苷脂酶(glucocerebrosidase,也叫β-葡糖脑苷脂酶),不能使葡萄糖脑苷脂水解,脂质积聚在肝脏、脾、肺、骨髓和大脑中,影响各器官和组织的正常功能。类似药物还有伊米苷酶(1994年)。 12. 帕妥珠单抗(Pertuzumab)——Genentech Inc. (Roche Group) 单克隆抗体,用于治疗HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌。帕妥珠单抗是一种重组的单克隆抗体,与HER-2受体胞外结构域II区结合,抑制二聚体的形成,阻断信号转导通路。 13. 氯卡色林(Lorcaserin)——Arena Pharmaceuticals 5-HT2c受体激动剂,抑制食欲。氯卡色林对5-HT2c的亲和力比5-HT2B(心脏瓣膜病风险)高100倍,安全性较好,是FDA13年来首次批准的减肥药。苯乙胺类食欲抑制剂还有安非他明(1939年)、甲基安非他明(1943年)、芬特明(1959年)、苄非他明(1960年)、芬氟拉明(1997年撤市)、安非拉酮(1959年)、苯二甲吗啉(1959年)、西布曲明(1997年)。 14. 米拉贝隆(Mirabegron)——Astellas Pharma US, Inc. β3肾上腺素能受体激动剂,用于治疗膀胱过度活动症(Overactive Bladder)。一线治疗药物主要是胆碱M受体拮抗剂,如托特罗定、曲司氯胺、索利那新,有口干、便秘等副作用。米拉贝隆通过激动β3肾上腺素能受体,松弛膀胱肌肉,提高膀胱容量,减少遗尿、尿急、尿频等症状,无胆碱能副作用。 15. 中文名未知(Prepopik)——Ferring Pharmaceuticals 结肠清肠粉(匹可硫酸钠+氧化镁+枸橼酸),用于成年人结肠镜检查前清肠。 16. 中文名未知(Carfilzomib)——Onyx Pharmaceuticals 蛋白酶体(proteasome)抑制剂,用于多发性骨髓瘤(Multiple Myeloma)的治疗。蛋白酶体是真核细胞中一种具多相催化活性的蛋白酶复合体,可降解大多数胞内蛋白,包括调节细胞周期和凋亡的关键蛋白。已上市的蛋白酶体抑制剂硼替佐米(2003年)易产生耐药性和毒性,因为大多数细胞均表达组成型蛋白酶体。Carfilzomib是新一代蛋白酶体抑制剂,选择性靶向血液肿瘤细胞中蛋白酶体,避免了因抑制非恶性细胞中组成型蛋白酶体而产生的毒副作用。 17. 阿地溴铵(Aclidinium Bromide)——Forest Pharmaceuticals 胆碱能M受体拮抗剂,用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)包括慢性支气管炎(Chronic Bronchitis)、肺气肿(Emphysema)。阿地溴铵是一种长效抗胆碱剂,通过抑制在平滑肌的M3受体,导致支气管扩张。同类药物还有异丙托溴铵、氟托溴铵、氧托溴铵、噻脱溴铵。 18. 阿柏西普(ziv-Aflibercept)——Sanofi-Aventis 组合物:亚叶酸(Folinic acid)+氟尿嘧啶(Fluorouracil)+伊立替康(Irinotecan),用于成人结肠直肠癌(Colorectal Cancer)的治疗。亚叶酸为抗肿瘤辅助用药,氟尿嘧啶为经典代谢拮抗抗肿瘤药物,伊立替康是喜树碱衍生物,1996年获批。 19. 中文名未知(Stribild)——Gilead Sciences 组合物:埃替格韦(Elvitegravir)+替诺福韦酯(Tenofovir)+恩曲他滨(Emtricitabine)+ Cobicistat,其中替诺福韦是核苷酸类逆转录酶抑制剂,恩曲他滨是核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂,埃替格韦是整合酶抑制剂,Cobicistat是改善药代动力学参数的增效剂,四种成分中,埃替格韦与Cobicistat是新药。四药合一为艾滋病毒感染提供了一个完整的治疗方案,只需每日服用一次。 20. 中文名未知(Tbo-filgrastim)——Sicor Biotech UAB (Teva Corporation) 重组粒细胞集落刺激因子,用于治疗因接受化疗而导致中性粒细胞减少症(Neutropenia)。癌症患者化疗后白细胞水平急速降低,可导致严重的危及生命的细菌感染。Tbo-filgrastim是一种短效重组粒细胞集落刺激因子(Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor),作用于造血祖细胞,促进其增殖和分化,刺激粒、单核巨噬细胞成熟,促进成熟细胞向外周血释放。 21.利那洛肽(Linaclotide)——Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Inc. & Forest Pharmaceuticals Inc. 鸟苷酸环化酶激动剂,用于临床治疗便秘型肠易激综合征(Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation)。便秘型肠易激综合征的主要症状是腹痛与便秘,是一种常见的慢性功能型胃肠疾病,目前治疗手段有限。利那洛肽是全球首个鸟苷酸环化酶激动剂,与肠道中的鸟苷酸环化酶C结合,增加细胞内cGMP浓度,刺激肠液的分泌并促进胃肠活动,从而导致排便次数增多。 22.中文名未知(Enzalutamide)——Astellas Pharma US, Inc. & Medivation, Inc. 非甾类雄激素受体拮抗剂,用于治疗男性晚期去势抵抗性前列腺癌(Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer)。类似药物有氟他胺(Flutamide)、尼鲁米特(Nilutamide)、比卡鲁胺(R-Bicalutamide)。 23.博舒替尼(Bosutinib)——Pfizer Inc. Bcr-Abl酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,用于治疗慢性粒细胞白血病(Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia)。慢性粒细胞白血病是一种相对少见的恶性肿瘤,大约占所有癌症的0.3%,占成人白血病的20%,大约有90至95%的病人出现费城染色体,表达Bcr-Abl蛋白。同类药物还有伊马替尼(Imatinib)、达沙替尼(Dasatinib)、尼洛替尼(Nilotinib)。 24.特立氟胺(Teriflunomide)——Sanofi Aventis 二氢乳清酸脱氢酶(Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase)抑制剂,用于治疗多发性硬化症(Multiple Sclerosis)。特立氟胺是第二个用于治疗MS的口服药物(第一个是2010年批准的芬戈莫德),通过抑制二氢乳清酸脱氢酶的活性,从而影响活化淋巴细胞的嘧啶合成,类似药物有来氟米特(Leflunomide),1998年批准用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣性关节炎。特立氟胺是致畸物,且有肝毒性。 25.胆碱C11(Choline C11)——Mayo Clinic PET Radiochemistry Facility 反射性诊断剂,用于前列腺癌复发的诊断。注射胆碱C11,辅助PET扫描,检测前列腺癌的复发,假阳性率15- 47%。 26.中文名未知(Regorafenib)——Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals 多靶点酪氨酸激酶(VEGFR-2、Tie-2)抑制剂,用于治疗转移性结肠直肠癌(Metastatic Colorectal Cancer)。Regorafenib带有黑框警告,可能有严重或致命性的肝毒性。 27.中文名未知(Ocriplasmin)——ThromboGenics Inc. 酶,用于治疗症状性玻璃体黄斑粘连(Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion)。Ocriplasmin是首个治疗症状性VMA的药物,能够降解眼中参与VMA形成的蛋白质,有助于玻璃体与黄斑的分离。在之前,该病的治疗依赖玻璃体切割术,Ocriplasmin有可能避免侵入性操作,但对于很多患者不一定有效(26.5%有效,安慰剂组为10.1%)。 28.吡仑帕奈(Perampanel)——Eisai Inc. AMPA受体拮抗剂,适用于12年以上部分发作性癫痫患者(partial onset seizures)。吡仑帕奈通过抑制突触后AMPA受体谷氨酸活性,减少神经元过度兴奋,这是FDA批准的首个具有该作用机理的抗癫痫药物。吡仑帕奈有一黑框警告,警惕神经精神病症状风险。 29.高三尖杉酯碱(Omacetaxine Mepesuccinate)——Teva Pharmaceuticals. 天然产物,用于治疗慢性粒细胞白血病(Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia)。在酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(伊马替尼、达沙替尼、尼洛替尼、博舒替尼)治疗无效时,可使用高三尖杉酯碱治疗。 30.托法替尼(Tofacitinib)——Pfizer Inc. JAK3抑制剂,用于治疗风湿性关节炎(Rheumatoid Arthritis)。辉瑞公司寄予厚望的药物,它不同于以往治疗风湿性关节炎药物,而是作用于全新的细胞内信号转导通路靶点JAK,属于first-in-class药物。长期用药有心脏病、癌症、严重感染的风险。 31.中文名未知(Cabozantinib)——Exelixis 多靶点酪氨酸激酶(VEGFR-2、cMet)抑制剂,用于治疗转移性甲状腺髓样癌(Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma)。另一种类似的药物是凡德他尼(Vandetanib),作为VEGFR、EGFR、RET等多激酶靶点抑制剂,2011年批准用于治疗转移性MTC(第一个药物)。 32.帕纳替尼(Ponatinib)——ARIAD Pharmaceuticals Bcr-Abl酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,用于治疗慢性粒细胞白血病(Chronic Myeloid Leukemia)和费城染色体阳性的急性淋巴细胞白血病(Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia)。使用酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗CML常导致耐药突变,帕纳替尼避开了T315I突变,使携带T315I突变患者有了治疗的药物。 33.瑞西巴库(Raxibacumab)——Human Genome Sciences (GlaxoSmithKline) 单克隆抗体,用于治疗吸入性炭疽病(Inhalational Anthrax)。吸入性炭疽病由吸入炭疽(Bacillus anthracis)芽胞引起感染,炭疽杆菌产生的毒素会引起大范围不可逆组织损伤和死亡,Raxibacumab能中和这种毒素。 34.帕瑞肽(Pasireotide)——Novartis Pharma Stein AG 环己肽生长抑素类似物,用于治疗手术无效的库欣病(Cushing’s disease)。Cushing’s disease是垂体ACTH腺瘤或ACTH细胞增生,分泌过多ACTH,引起肾上腺皮质增生,产生皮质醇增多症,导致一系列物质代谢紊乱和病理变化。Pasireotide抑制ACTH分泌,从而减少皮质醇的分泌。 35.替度鲁肽(Teduglutide)——NPS Pharmaceuticals 胰高血糖素样肽-2类似物,用于治疗短肠综合征(Short Bowel Syndrome)。短肠综合征是指由于严重小肠疾病或外科手术切除大部分小肠导致机体无法正常吸收营养的而引发一系列综合征,多数患者只能依靠全部或部分胃肠外营养(静脉途径)供给获得机体所需的营养成分。但胃肠外营养不仅严重影响患者生存质量,而且还常发生严重并发症,如静脉通道引起的感染、小肠内细菌过度增殖、肝毒性以及胆道疾病。此前FDA批准的用于治疗SBS药物有Zorbtive(重组人生长激素,2003年)、NutreStore(左旋谷酰胺,2004年)。 36.洛美他派(Lomitapide)——Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc. 微粒体三酰甘油转移蛋白(microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, MTP)抑制剂,用于治疗纯合子家族性高胆固醇血症(Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia)。MTP是一种异源二聚体的脂转运蛋白,催化TG、胆固醇和磷脂酰胆碱的跨膜转运,在肠和肝脏的VLDL、CM装配过程中起重要作用。抑制MTP可减少小肠CM和肝VLDL的分泌,从而降低血浆LDL、VLDL和TG水平。另一个临床研究的MTP抑制剂是Bayer公司的英普他派(Implitapide)。 37.阿哌沙班(Apixaban)——Bristol-Myers Squibb & Pfizer Inc. Xa因子抑制剂,降低房颤病人中风(stroke)和全身性栓塞(systemic embolism)风险。类似药物还有利伐沙班(Rivaroxaban),这类药物通过抑制凝血因子Xa,中断内源性和外源性凝血途径,抑制凝血酶的产生和血栓形成。 38.中文名未知(Bedaquiline)——Janssen Therapeutics (Johnson & Johnson) ATP合成酶抑制剂,治疗成人耐多药结核病(Multi-drug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis, MDR-TB)。结核病是由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的,在结核分枝杆菌生存过程中需要自身产生能量以维持细菌的生命,Bedaquiline靶向作用于结核分枝杆菌的ATP合成酶,抑制细菌产能而发挥作用。全世界每年大约有140万人死于结核病,目前现有的治疗方法不能有效抑制耐药菌株,且在过去40年内没有治疗结核病的新方法,Bedaquiline有望成为近40年来首个具有全新作用机制的TB药物。 39.中文名未知(Crofelemer)——Salix Pharmaceuticals & Napo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 抗消化道分泌剂,治疗HIV相关的腹泻。许多使用抗逆转录药物的HIV患者出现腹泻,并且常常导致停药或改用其他药物。这种腹泻不是病毒、细菌、寄生虫感染所致,之前尚无药可治。临床试验证实,每日服用两次Crofelemer,能显著改善患者的腹泻症状。Crofelemer是从秘鲁巴豆(Croton lechleri)的红色提取物,成分复杂。 http://www.fda.gov/drugs/developmentapprovalprocess/druginnovation/default.htm nnovation in Development of Drugs and Biological Products Innovation drives progress. When it comes to innovation in the development of new drugs and therapeutic biological products, FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) supports the pharmaceutical industry at every step of the process. With its understanding of the science used to create new products, testing and manufacturing procedures, and the diseases and conditions that new products are designed to treat, FDA provides scientific and regulatory advice needed to bring new therapies to market. The availability of new drugs and biological products often means new treatment options for patients and advances in health care for the American public. For this reason, CDER supports innovation and plays a key role in helping to advance new drug development. Each year, CDER approves a wide range of new drugs and biological products. Some of these products are innovative new products that never before have been used in clinical practice. Others are the same as, or related to, previously approved products, and they will compete with those products in the marketplace. Certain drugs are classified as new molecular entities (“NMEs”) for purposes of FDA review. Many of these products contain active moieties that have not been approved by FDA previously, either as a single ingredient drug or as part of a combination product; these products frequently provide important new therapies for patients. Some drugs are characterized as NMEs for administrative purposes, but nonetheless contain active moieties that are closely related to active moieties in products that have previously been approved by FDA. For example, CDER classifies biological products submitted in an application under section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act as NMEs for purposes of FDA review, regardless of whether the Agency previously has approved a related active moiety in a different product. FDA’s classification of a drug as an “NME” for review purposes is distinct from FDA’s determination of whether a drug product is a “new chemical entity” or “NCE” within the meaning of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The list below includes the NMEs approved by CDER in calendar year 2012. (The Drug Name link provides full product details, i.e., prescribing information, approval history, and reviews.)
No. |
Drug Name
|
Active Ingredient
|
Date
|
What it’s used for
|
39. |
Fulyzaq |
crofelemer |
1/31/12 |
To treat HIV/AIDS patients whose diarrhea is not caused by an infection from a virus, bacteria, or parasite. Press Release
|
38. |
Sirturo |
bedaquiline |
1/31/12 |
As part of combination therapy to treat adults with multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) when other alternatives are not available. Press Release
|
37. |
Eliquis |
apixaban |
12/28/12 |
To reduce the risk of stroke and dangerous blood clots (systemic embolism) in patients with atrial fibrillation that is not caused by a heart valve problem. Press Release
|
36. |
Juxtapid |
lomitapide |
12/21/12 |
To reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). Press Release
|
35. |
Gattex |
teduglutide |
12/21/12 |
To treat adults with short bowel syndrome (SBS) who need additional nutrition from intravenous feeding (parenteral nutrition). Press Release
|
34. |
Signifor |
pasereotide |
12/14/12 |
To treat Cushing’s disease patients who cannot be helped through surgery Press Release
|
33. |
raxibacumab |
raxibacumab |
12/14/12 |
To treat inhalational anthrax, a form of the infectious disease caused by breathing in the spores of the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Press Release |
32. |
Iclusig |
ponatinib |
12/14/12 |
To treat adults with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL), two rare blood and bone marrow diseases. Press Release
|
31. |
Cometriq |
cabozantinib |
11/29/12 |
To treat medullary thyroid cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (metastasized). Press Release
|
30. |
Xeljanz |
tofacitinib |
11/6/12 |
To treat adults with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have had an inadequate response to, or who are intolerant of, methotrexate. Press Release
|
29. |
Synribo |
omacetaxine mepesuccinate |
10/26/12 |
To treat adults with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a blood and bone marrow disease. Press Release
|
28. |
Fycompa |
perampanel |
10/22/12 |
To treat partial onset seizures in patients with epilepsy ages 12 years and older. Press Release
|
27. |
Jetrea |
ocriplasmin |
10/18/12 |
To treat an eye condition called symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (VMA). Press Release
|
26. |
Stivarga |
regorafenib |
9/27/12 |
To treat patients with colorectal cancer that has progressed after treatment and spread to other parts of the body (metastatic). Press Release
|
25. |
Choline C 11 Injection |
Choline C 11 Injection |
9/12/12 |
A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging agent used to help detect recurrent prostate cancer. Press Release
|
24. |
Aubagio |
teriflunomide |
9/12/12 |
For the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Press Release
|
23. |
Bosulif |
bosutinib |
9/4/12 |
To treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a blood and bone marrow disease that usually affects older adults. Press Release
|
22. |
Xtandi |
enzalutamide |
8/31/12 |
To treat men with late-stage (metastatic) castration-resistant prostate cancer that has spread or recurred, even with medical or surgical therapy to minimize testosterone. Press Release
|
21. |
Linzess |
linaclotide |
8/30/12 |
To treat chronic idiopathic constipation and to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in adults. Press Release
|
20. |
Neutroval |
tbo-filgrastim |
8/29/12 |
To reduce the time certain patients receiving cancer chemotherapy experience severe neutropenia, a decrease in infection-fighting white blood cells called neutrophils. Press Release
|
19. |
Stribild |
elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate |
8/27/12 |
A once-a-day combination pill to treat HIV-1 infection in adults who have never been treated for HIV infection. Press Release
|
18. |
Zaltrap |
ziv-aflibercept |
8/3/12 |
For use in combination with a FOLFIRI (folinic acid, fluorouracil and irinotecan) chemotherapy regimen to treat adults with colorectal cancer. Press Release
|
17. |
Tudorza Pressair |
aclidinium bromide |
7/23/12 |
For the long-term maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Press Release
|
16. |
Kyprolis |
carfilzomib
|
7/20/12
|
To treat patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies, including treatment with Velcade (bortezomib) and an immunomodulatory. Press Release |
15. |
Prepopik |
sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide and citric acid
|
7/17/12
|
To help cleanse the colon in adults preparing for colonoscopy. Press Release
|
14. |
Myrbetriq |
mirabegron
|
6/28/12
|
To treat adults with overactive bladder. Press Release
|
13. |
Belviq |
lorcaserin hydrochloride
|
6/27/12
|
For chronic weight management. Press Release
|
12. |
Perjeta |
pertuzumab
|
6/8/12
|
To treat patients with HER2-positive late-stage (metastatic) breast cancer. Press Release
|
11. |
Elelyso |
taliglucerase alfa
|
5/1/12
|
For long-term enzyme replacement therapy to treat a form of Gaucher disease, a rare genetic disorder Press Release
|
10. |
Stendra |
avanafil
|
4/27/12
|
To treat erectile dysfunction. Press Release
|
9. |
Amyvid |
Florbetapir F 18
|
4/6/12
|
Used as a radioactive diagnostic agent for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the brain to estimate β-amyloid neuritic plaque density in adult patients with cognitive impairment who are being evaluated for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and other causes of cognitive decline.
|
8. |
Omontys |
peginesatide
|
3/27/12
|
To treat anemia, a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells, in adult dialysis patients who have chronic kidney disease (CKD). Press Release |
7. |
Surfaxin |
lucinactant
|
3/6/12
|
For the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), a breathing disorder that affects premature infants. Press Release |
6. |
Zioptan |
tafluprost
|
2/10/12
|
For reducing elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Press Release |
5. |
Kalydeco |
ivacaftor
|
1/31/12
|
For the treatment of a rare form of cystic fibrosis (CF) in patients ages 6 years and older who have the specific G551D mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) gene. Press Release
|
4. |
Erivedge |
vismodegib
|
1/30/12
|
To treat adult patients with basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer. Press Release
|
3. |
Inlyta |
axitinib
|
1/27/12
|
To treat patients with advanced kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma) who have not responded to another drug for this type of cancer. Press Release
|
2. |
Picato |
ingenol mebutate
|
1/23/12
|
For the topical treatment of actinic keratosis.
|
1. |
Voraxaze |
glucarpidase
|
1/17/12
|
To treat patients with toxic levels of methotrexate in their blood due to kidney failure. Press Release
|
FY 2012 Innovative Drug Approvals Correction issued (page 25) and revised report posted 12/10/12. In fiscal year 2012, FDA continued to bring innovative drugs to patients in the United States quickly and efficiently, while ensuring that medicines are safe and effective. FDA used expedited approval authorities and flexibility in advising sponsors on clinical trial design to approve 35 novel drugs in FY 2012. Among the 35 novel drugs approved in FY 2012 are important advancements for patients, including a groundbreaking treatment for a form of cystic fibrosis (approved in only 3.5 months), the first FDA-approved human cord blood product, and the first drugs to treat advanced basal cell carcinoma (a form of the most common skin cancer) and the bone marrow disease myelofibrosis. The FDA also continued its commitment to approving drugs for patients with rare (orphan) diseases. As part of the FDA’s focus on advancing regulatory science, the agency is helping to streamline early phase drug development such as with the new breakthrough pathway, which will assist with getting innovative new drugs to patients. Read the report Printer-Friendly PDF (1.18 MB) I. PRIORITY DRUGS
Drug Name
|
Approval Date
|
Indication
|
Orphan Drug
|
Approved First in U.S.
|
PDUFA Date Met
|
Approved 1st Cycle
|
Sponsor
|
AMYVID (florbetapir F18)
|
4/6/12
|
To estimate beta-amyloid plaque density in brains of patients with cognitive impairment
|
|
?
|
?
|
|
Avid Radio-pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Philadelphia, PA
|
CHOLINE C 11
|
9/12/12
|
For PET imaging of suspected prostate cancer hce
|
|
NA
|
?
|
?
|
Mayo Clinic PET Radiochemistry Facility
Rochester, MI
|
ERIVEDGE (vismodegib)
|
1/30/12
|
For advanced basal cell carcinoma
|
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Genentech, Inc.
South San Francisco, CA
|
ERWINAZE (asparaginase erwinia chrysanthemi)
|
11/18/11
|
For patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and allergy to E. coli-derived asparaginase and pegaspargase chemotherapy drugs
|
?
|
|
|
?
|
EUSA Pharma (USA), Inc.
Langhorne, PA
|
EYLEA (aflibercept)
|
11/18/11
|
For wet, age-related macular degeneration
|
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Tarrytown, NY
|
JAKAFI (ruxolitinib)
|
11/16/11
|
For the bone marrow disease myelofibrosis
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Incyte Corp.
Wilmington, DE
|
KALYDECO
(ivacaftor)
|
11/31/11
|
For cystic fibrosis patients with G551D mutation
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Cambridge, MA
|
PERJETA
(pertuzumab)
|
6/8/12
|
For HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer
|
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Genentech, Inc.
South San Francisco, CA
|
STIVARGA
(regorafenib)
|
9/27/12
|
For metastatic colorectal cancer
|
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Wayne, NJ
|
Drug name |
approval Date |
indication |
orphan Drug |
approved first in U.S. |
pDUfa Date met |
approved 1st cycle |
Sponsor |
VoRAXAzE (glucarpidase) |
1/17/12 |
to treat toxic methotrexate concentrations in plasma of patients receiving chemotherapy |
? |
? |
? |
? |
Btg international, inc. West conshohocken, pa |
XTAnDI (enzalutamide) |
8/3/12 |
for metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer |
|
? |
? |
? |
medivation, inc. South San francisco, ca |
zAlTRAp (ziv-aflibercept) |
8/3/12 |
for metastatic colorectal cancer |
? |
? |
? |
Sanofi-aventis U.S., llc Bridgewater, nJ |
Drug name |
approval Date |
indication |
orphan Drug |
approved first in U.S. |
pDUfa Date met |
approved 1st cycle |
Sponsor |
AUBAgIo (teriflunomide) |
9/12/12 |
for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (mS) |
|
? |
? |
? |
Sanofi-aventis, U.S., llc Bridgewater, nJ |
BElVIQ (lorcaserin hydrochloride) |
6/27/12 |
for chronic weight management |
|
? |
? |
|
arena pharmaceuticals, inc. Zofingen, Switzerland |
BoSUlIf (bosutinib) |
9/4/12 |
for chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml) |
? |
? |
? |
? |
pfizer inc. new York city, nY |
ElElYSo (taliglucerase alfa) |
5/1/12 |
for type-1 gaucher disease, a rare genetic disorder |
? |
? |
? |
|
protalix Biotherapeutics inc. carmiel, israel |
fERRIpRoX (deferiprone) |
10/14/11 |
for iron overload in patients with thalassemia (a genetic disorder causing anemia) |
? |
|
? |
|
apopharma, inc. toronto, canada |
gInTUIT (allogeneic cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts in bovine collagen) |
3/9/12 |
for application to vascular wound beds in the treatment of mucogingival conditions |
|
? |
? |
? |
organogenesis, inc. canton, ma |
HEMACoRD (hemapoietic progenitor cells, cord (Hpc-c) |
11/10/11 |
for use in unrelated donor hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation in patients with certain blood disorders |
|
na |
? |
? |
new York Blood center, inc. new York city, nY |
(priority Drugs Continued)
II. STAnDARD DRUgS
(Standard Drugs Continued)
Drug Name
|
Approval Date
|
Indication
|
Orphan Drug
|
Approved First in U.S.
|
PDUFA Date Met
|
Approved 1st Cycle
|
Sponsor
|
HPC, Cord Blood
(hemapoietic progenitor cells, cord (HPC-C)
|
5/24/12
|
For use in unrelated donor hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation in patients with certain blood disorders
|
|
NA
|
?
|
?
|
Clinimmune Labs
Aurora, CO
|
INLYTA
(axitinib)
|
1/27/12
|
For advanced kidney cancer
|
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Pfizer, Inc
New York City, NY
|
KYPROLIS
(carfilzomib)
|
7/20/12
|
For multiple myeloma
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
|
LINZESS
(linaclotide)
|
8/30/12
|
For irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C)
|
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Forest Laboratories, Inc.
St. Louis, MO
|
MENHIBRIX
(Meningococcal Groups C and Y and Haemophilus b Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine)
|
6/14/12
|
Combination vaccine to prevent meningococcal disease and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in children
|
|
?
|
?
|
|
GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, based in Rixensart, Belgium
|
MYRBERTIQ
(mirabegron)
|
6/28/12
|
For treatment of overactive bladder
|
|
|
?
|
?
|
Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.
Northbrook, IL
|
NEUTROVAL
(tbo-filgrastim
|
8/29/12
|
To reduce duration of neutropenia in chemotherapy patients
|
|
|
?
|
|
Sicor Biotech UAB
Vilnius, Lithuania
|
OMONTYS
(peginesatide)
|
3/27/12
|
For anemia in chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis
|
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Affymax, Inc.
Palo Alto, CA
|
ONFI
(clobazam)
|
10/21/11
|
For seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaux syndrome
|
?
|
|
?
|
?
|
Lundbeck, Inc.
Deerfield, IL
|
PICATO
(ingenol mebutate)
|
1/23/12
|
For the topical treatment of actinic keratosis
|
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Leo Pharma AS
Ballerup, Denmark
|
PREPOPIK
(sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, citric acid)
|
7/16/12
|
For colon cleansing in preparation for colonoscopy
|
|
|
?
|
?
|
Ferring Pharmaceuticals
Parsippany, NJ
|
STENDRA
(avanafil)
|
4/27/12
|
For the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED)
|
|
|
?
|
?
|
Vivus Inc.
Mountain View, CA
|
(Standard Drugs Continued)
Drug Name
|
Approval Date
|
Indication
|
Orphan Drug
|
Approved First in U.S.
|
PDUFA Date Met
|
Approved 1st Cycle
|
Sponsor
|
STRIBILD
(elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)
|
8/27/12
|
For treatment of HIV-1
|
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Foster City, CA
|
SURFAXIN
(lucinactant)
|
3/6/12
|
To prevent respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants
|
|
?
|
?
|
|
Discovery Laboratories, Inc.
Warrington, PA
|
TUDORZA PRESSAIR
(aclidinium bromide)
|
7/23/12
|
For long-term maintenance treatment of bronchospasm in COPD
|
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Forest Laboratories, Inc., St. Louis, MO
|
ZIOPTAN
(tafluprost)
|
2/10/12
|
To reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension
|
|
|
?
|
|
Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp.
Whitehouse Station, NJ
|
|