米托坦(lysodren、mitotane 、双氯苯二氯乙烷、0,p'-DDD) 促皮质素及皮质激素抑制药 一、促皮质素 促皮质素(corticotrophin,adreno-cortico-tropic-hormone,ACTH)是维持肾上腺正常形态和功能的重要激素。它的合成和分泌是垂体前叶在下丘脑促皮质素释放激素(CRH)的作用下,在腺垂体嗜碱细胞内进行的。糖皮质激素对下丘脑及垂体前叶起着长负反馈作用,抑制CRH及ACTH的分泌。在生理情况下,下丘脑、垂体和肾上腺三者处于相对的动态平衡中,ACTH缺乏,将引起肾上腺皮质萎缩、分泌功能减退。ACTH还有控制本身释放的短负反馈调节。 下丘脑-垂体前叶-肾上腺皮质的调节系统 米托坦(mitotan;双氯苯二氯乙烷0,p'-DDD)为杀虫剂滴滴涕(DDT)一类化合物。它能选择性地使肾上腺皮质束状带及网状带细胞萎缩、坏死,但不影响球状带,故醛固酮分泌不受影响。用药后血、尿中氢化可的松及其代谢物迅速减少。主要用于不可切除的皮质癌、切除后复发癌以及皮质癌术后辅助治疗。可有厌食、恶心、腹泻、皮疹、嗜眠、头痛、眩晕、乏力、中枢抑制及运动失调等反应。 美替拉酮(metyrapone,甲吡酮)能抑制11β-羟化反应,干扰11-去氧皮质酮转化为皮质酮及11-去氧氢化可的松转化为氢化的松,而降低它们的血浆水平,但通过反馈性地促进ACTH分泌导致11-去氧皮质酮和11-去氧氢化可的松代偿性增加,故尿中17-羟类固醇排泄也相应增加。临床用于治疗肾上腺皮质肿瘤和产生ACTH的肿瘤所引起的氢化可的松过多症和皮质癌。还可用于垂体释放ACTH功能试验。不良反应较少,可有眩晕、消化道反应等。 皮质醉增多症又称为柯兴氏综合征,是由于肾上腺皮质功能亢进、分泌过多的皮质醇所引起的糖、脂肪、蛋白质代谢紊乱。其主要表现为满月脸、向心性肥胖、下腹部紫纹、座疮、血糖怕高、骨质疏松、肌肉软弱等,伴见眩晕乏力,女性月经减少甚至闭经,并可见胡须、全身毳毛增多及阴毛呈男性分布,血压升高,有些病人出现心悸失眠、烦躁等精神异常。本病首先考虑病因治疗,采用手术、放疗等方法去除肾上腺的肿瘤或增生,对暂不能作病因治疗者可进行药物治疗。同时要保证病人蛋白质和维生素的供给,注意防止低血钾。 肾上腺皮质癌病史短,但病情发展迅速,偶发者约占10%~30%,术前诊断较困难。我们认为应结合以下两点加以参考: 【别名】
What is Lysodren? Lysodren (mitotane) is used by veterinarians to treat Cushing's Disease in dogs. Lysodren requires a prescription from your veterinarian, and is sold per tablet.
Cautions:
Brand Name What is Lysodren: Lysodren is used in the treatment of Cushing¿s disease. Lysodren acts by suppressing adrenal gland function. Lysodren treatment involves two phases, a loading dose phase with higher doses for the first 1 or 2 weeks, then a maintenance dose phase. Lysodren may be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide. What should I discuss with my veterinarian before giving Lysodren to my pet: Tell your veterinarian if your pet has ever had an allergic reaction to Lysodren. Tell your veterinarian if your pet is pregnant, or lactating. Tell your veterinarian if your pet has kidney or liver disease. How should this medication be given: Give this medication exactly as directed by your veterinarian. If you do not understand the directions, ask your pharmacist or veterinarian to explain them to you. Your veterinarian will determine the exact dose to be given for the loading phase, and then the maintenance phase. The veterinarian may prescribe glucocorticoids such as prednisone for use in stressful situations such as travel, surgery, or illness. Store this medication at room temperature and protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children and pets. What happens if I miss giving a dose: Give the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next regularly scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and give the next one as directed. Do not give a double dose of the medication. What happens if I overdose the pet: In the event of overdose, contact your veterinarian or veterinary emergency room. Overdose of Lysodren can result in Addison¿s disease (hypoadrenocorticism), which can be life threatening. Symptoms of Addison¿s disease may include loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, depression, drowsiness. What should I avoid while giving Lysodren to my pet: Always wear disposable gloves when giving Lysodren to your pet. If the tablet comes in contact with skin, wash thoroughly if the tablet comes in contact with skin. Pregnant women, or women trying to get pregnant should not handle this medication. What are the possible side effects of Lysodren: Side effects that may occur when using Lysodren include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Other side effects may also occur. Talk to your veterinarian about any side effect that seems unusual or bothersome to the animal. What other drugs will affect Lysodren: Use caution when giving Lysodren with insulin, spironolactone (Aldactone), Phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin), theophylline (Theo-Dur), warfarin (Coumadin), and drugs that affect the central nervous system, such as acepromazine (PromAce), and amitriptyline (Elavil). Talk to your veterinarian or pharmacist before using Lysodren with any prescription or over the counter medications, including vitamins, minerals and herbal supplements. Where can I get more information: Your pharmacist has additional information about Lysodren written for health professionals that you may read.
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