【摘要】 【关键词】 血管内皮生长因子抑制剂;新生血管性眼病 Progress of researches on antiVEGF medication for neovascular oculopathy Dan Chen, YingChuan Fan, LiYing Li 1Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China;2Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial Pepoles Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China Correspondence to: Dan Chen. Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China. AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in inducing neovascularization. Nowadays, application of VEGF inhibitor to treatment of neovascular eye diseases has caught more and more attention. The present paper summarized the recent advance of these antiVEGF agents which had been used or would be used in ophthalmologic clinic, including Macugen, Lucentis, Avastin, VEGFtrap and so on. 引言 新生血管形成是多种眼病的病理基础和重要临床表现,是许多眼病的终末期,可发生于角膜、虹膜、脉络膜及视网膜等多种眼组织中,是重要的致盲眼病。目前治疗此类疾病的主要方法有玻璃体切割术、激光光凝、光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT),这些疗法都存在诸多的局限性。目前随着VEGF是促成新生血管形成的重要诱生物理论的出现,抗VEGF药物便应运而生,为新生血管性眼病的治疗开辟了新的方向。 1 Macugen (哌加他尼钠) 哌加他尼钠(Pegaptanib sodium),商品名Macugen,是一种治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性(age related macular degeneration, AMD)及其他新生血管性眼病的新型药物,由Eyetech制药公司和辉瑞公司合作开发,200412得到美国FDA批准应用于眼科临床。哌加他尼钠是一种选择性VEGF拮抗剂,它可特定地与细胞外VEGF的165氨基酸的异构体VEGF165结合,并抑制其活性,阻碍与VEGF的受体结合,从而抑制新生血管生成[1]。Macugen治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性继发脉络膜新生血管(choroidal noevascularization, CNV)通过了Ⅲ期临床试验[1]。共有1 186例AMD继发的CNV患者参与此研究,随机分为两组,治疗组剂量分别为 0.3,1,3mg及假性注射作对照,每6wk注射1次,持续至第54wk。结果显示,玻璃体腔内注射该药物的最低有效剂量为0.3mg,与对照组相比有显著统计学意义。持续随访发现,持续接受注射治疗2a以上者,约有45%视力较对照组明显提高。在最近Brown等[2]的研究中显示Macugen联合PDT治疗湿性AMD较单纯应用Macugen效果更好。除治疗AMD外,Macugen也应用于糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR)继发新生血管的治疗,Adamis 等[3]报道,大部分患者在6次注药后(即第36wk)出现视网膜新生血管萎缩。在Macugen治疗DR的临床试验中[4]显示,用药后患者视力改善、视网膜厚度减少,仍需要光凝治疗者的比例也明显减少。另外,Sun 等[5]最近报道了1例应用Macugen来治疗Coats病的病例,1例2岁已出现复杂的视网膜脱离的Coats病患儿,接受了2次玻璃体腔内注射Macugen(每8wk注射1次),在治疗后第3wk测得VEGF浓度从908ng/L降到167ng/L,出血和渗出明显减少,并且视网膜几乎完全回贴。 2 Lucentis (Ranibizumab) Ranibizumab是一种抗体片段,由Genentech公司开发,商品名为Lucentis,200606得到美国FDA批准应用于眼科临床。它由人工改良鼠多克隆的抗重组的全长VEGF抗体衍生而来。这种多克隆抗体可与VEGF的所有异构体结合并使其失活,从而抑制新生血管的形成[6]。 3 Avastin(贝伐单抗) 贝伐单抗(Bevacizumab)也是由Genentech公司开发,商品名为Avastin,于200402获得美国FDA批准用于治疗晚期结—直肠癌,目前还未批准用于眼科临床。该药物是一种重组人单克隆抗体,通过抑制VEGF达到抑制新生血管的生成。Rich 等[12]对该药物的短期安全性和疗效进行了初步研究。共50例53只AMD继发CNV患眼参与,玻璃体腔内注射Avastin 2.3mg,随访3mo,患者的平均视力从20/160提高到20/125 (P< 0.01),其黄斑平均厚度减少99.6μm (P<0.01)。在试验过程中未见严重的眼部和全身并发症。在Rosenfeld等[13]对1例AMD患者在Macugen治疗失败后给予玻璃体内注射Avastin(1.0mg)。治疗1wk后,患者视力由20/200提高到20/50,OCT检查显示黄斑囊样水肿有所吸收。Hughes等[14]也在应用选择性抗VEGF的Macugen与非选择性抗VEGF的Avastin来联合治疗AMD继发的CNV研究中发现,20例患者在接受了9次Macugen注射后再接受Avastin治疗,平均视力从20/200提高到20/80,黄斑厚度也在联合应用后明显减少。在治疗中只出现了轻微的短暂的炎症反应[15]。Chan等[16]在最近的研究中试验性地应用Avastin来治疗病理性近视继发的CNV,1次/mo,随访6mo。在治疗的第3mo,其中20眼(90.9%)新生血管渗漏已完全消失,第6mo时患者平均视力从治疗前的20/80提高到20/45(P<0.01),OCT也提示黄斑厚度明显减少。另外,Avery等[17]报道了Avastin治疗DR的视网膜或虹膜新生血管的短期临床观察。治疗后1wk,44眼的新生血管渗漏均完全或部分减少,其中26眼中19眼视盘新生血管渗漏完全消失(73%),11眼中9眼虹膜新生血管渗漏完全消失(82%);这些现象在注射后24h即开始出现,其中2例,在未接受注射的眼中也呈现出新生血管渗漏的减少。在随访中,其中1眼在注射后第2wk再次出现新生血管渗漏,而其余在至少11wk的随访中均未再出现新生血管的渗漏。Iliev等[18]也报道了Avastin治疗由视网膜中央静脉阻塞继发的新生血管性青光眼的临床观察。6例患者接受了玻璃体腔内注射1.25mg Avastin,在注射后48h即呈现出眼前节新生血管的萎缩,其中3眼的眼压明显降低,另外3眼在给予了睫状体光凝治疗后眼压也得到了有效的控制。在注射Avastin后的5~12wk,医生可以很轻松的给予患者全视网膜光凝治疗,来进一步阻止新生血管的继续生长。最近,有报道应用Avastin治疗息肉状脉络膜血管病变[19],研究中血管渗漏明显减轻,但无血管形态的改变和视力的明显改善。目前有关该药的进一步研究还在进行中。虽然,Avastin目前还未通过美国FDA的批准,但是该药在治疗各种新生血管性眼病的研究中都已显示出明显的疗效,且价格低廉,因此有良好的临床应用前景。 4 VEGFTrap VEGF-trap由Regeneron药业和塞诺菲安万特联合研发,是一种特殊的抗血管生成物,VEGF-trap是人VEGF受体Flt1和KDR的细胞外区域部分与人免疫球蛋白G的Fe片段的结合体,阻止VEGF与Flt1和KDR的结合。 【参考文献】 2 Brown GC, Brown MM, Brown HC, et al. 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抗VEGF药物治疗新生血管性眼病的研究进展简介:
【摘要】 血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是促成新生血管形成的重要诱生物,目前应用VEGF抑制剂治疗新生血管性眼病已受到越来越多的重视。本文对目前已经或者即将应 ... 责任编辑:admin
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