【作用特点】本品为阿莫西林与克拉维酸钾按2：1、4：1、5：1、7：1 或14：1 比例配成的复方制剂。口服吸收迅速，吸收率达75％～80％，不受食物影响。半衰期60～70min，血浆蛋白结合率低，70％处于游离状态，主要经肾排泄。克拉维酸钾为广谱β内酰胺酶抑制剂，可使阿莫西林免受β内酰胺酶破坏，从而使阿莫西林的抗菌活性增强、抗菌谱扩大。此联合制剂主要用于产β内酰胺酶金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌及肠球菌属感染，但不适用于MRSA；同时对产β内酰胺酶的肠杆菌科细菌、流感杆菌、卡他莫拉菌、脆弱类杆菌等有较强的活性，但对肠杆菌属、假单胞菌属细菌无效。
早期阿莫西林与克拉维酸钾的比例为2：1。近年来，由于对青霉素中度或高度耐药的肺炎链球菌等不断增加，使其疗效下降。因此，国外先后研制阿莫西林与克拉维酸不同比例的复合制剂，其中阿莫西林的剂量不断增加，而且发现大剂量的阿莫西林可以提高对耐青霉素肺炎链球菌的抗菌活性。所以目前阿莫西林与克拉维酸钾的比例已经从2：1 增加至4：1、7：1，以及14：1 的比例。另一方面，如果不做大比例的复合制剂，仅增加2：1 或4：1 制剂的用量来治疗耐药菌，那么随着阿莫西林用量的增加，克拉维酸的用量也随之增加，会使不良反应的发生率也增加。因此，高比例的阿莫西林与克拉维酸复合制剂，既可以显示对耐药肺炎链球菌更好的抗菌作用，又有更好的耐受性和安全性。

【适应证和用法】广泛应用于临床各科感染，包括上下呼吸道、泌尿道、皮肤软组织、盆腔感染、软性下疳、骨髓炎和腹膜炎。
片剂：口服，成人轻至中度感染，每次1 片(375mg，2：1 片)，每日3～4 次；严重感染，每次1 片(625mg，4：1 片)或2 片(750mg，2：1 片)，每日3～4 次。糖浆(156mg／5ml，4：1剂型)：7～12 岁儿童每次10ml，每日3 次；2～7岁儿童每次5 ml，每日3 次；9 个月至2岁儿童每次2.5ml，每日3 次；严重感染时剂量可加倍。注射剂(药物比例为5:1)：成人每次1.2g，每8h 吐次，严重时每6h1 次；儿童(3 个月以上)每次30mg／kg，每12h 1 次，严重时每8h 1 次。肾功能不全时剂量酌减。

【临床合理应用】
不良反应：有腹泻、伪膜性肠炎、消化不良、恶心、呕吐及皮疹、荨麻疹等，但大部分反应轻微、短暂，而且并不常见。极个别可出现嗜酸性粒细胞增多及尿素氮升高。
禁忌证：患者及其家族中有遗传过敏体质者、严重肝肾功能不全及孕妇慎用。对青霉素过敏者禁用。

【临床评价】本品口服使用方便，吸收不受食物影响，而且抗菌谱广，不易产生耐药性，对临床常见致病菌所致的轻中度呼吸道感染可作为经验治疗的首选用药，其有效率为91％，细菌清除率为80％。用于泌尿生殖系统感染及皮肤软组织感染疗效亦佳，有效率为83％～97％。在治疗由产β内酰胺酶的耐药菌引起的感染中，本品疗效明显高于阿莫西林。双盲对照试验显示，本品治疗复杂性尿路感染的有效率为75％，而阿莫西林为43％，二者有显著性差异。
国外应用奥格门汀ES-600 治疗521 例肺炎链球菌引起的呼吸道感染和中耳炎，临床症状明显改善，获得了良好的临床疗效，对肺炎链球菌的清除率为98.4％，对流感嗜血杆菌的清除率为92.6％，对卡他莫拉菌的清除率为100％。

【制剂】片剂：375mg 的2:1 片(阿莫西林250mg，克拉维酸钾125mg)；625mg 的4:1 片(阿莫西林500mg，克拉维酸钾125mg)。糖浆：156mg 的4:1 糖浆(阿莫西林125mg，克拉维酸钾31.25mg，浓度156mg／5ml)；312mg 的4:1 糖浆(阿莫西林250mg，克拉维酸钾31.25mg，浓度312mg／5ml)。混悬剂：5ml 的4:1 剂(阿莫西林125mg，克拉维酸钾31.25mg 和阿莫西林250mg，克拉维酸钾62.5mg)；滴剂：2:1 剂(阿莫西林50mg，克拉维酸钾12.5mg／ml)；注射粉剂：600mg 瓶装5:1 针剂(阿莫西林500mg，克拉维酸钾100mg)；1.2g 瓶装5:1 针剂(阿莫西林1.0g，克拉维酸钾200mg)；7:1 咀嚼片、混悬剂片(阿莫西林：300mg，克拉维酸钾42.6mg)；14:1 咀嚼片、分散片和混悬剂(阿莫西林600mg，克拉维酸钾42.6mg)。

【原产地英文商品名】AUGMENTIN 500-125 TABLET(500/125)mg/tab 20tabs/box
【原产地英文药品名】AMOXICILLIN TRIHYDRATE/POTASSIUM CLAVULANATE
【中文参考商品译名】
注：以下产品不同规格和不同价格，购买时请以电话咨询为准！
·奥格门汀875-125片剂(875/125)毫克/片 20片/盒
·奥格门汀500-125片剂(500/125)毫克/片 20片/盒
【中文参考药品译名】阿莫西林三水酸/克拉维酸钾
【生产厂家中文参考译名】葛兰素史克
【生产厂家英文名】GLAXOSMITHKLINE

Pronunciation: a-MOX-i-SIL-in/KLAV-ue-la-nate
Generic Name: Amoxicillin/Clavulanate
Brand Name: Augmentin

Augmentin is used for:
Treating infections caused by certain bacteria.

Augmentin is a penicillin antibiotic. It works by killing sensitive bacteria.

Do NOT use Augmentin if:
you are allergic to any ingredient in Augmentin or another penicillin antibiotic (eg, ampicillin)
you have a history of liver problems or yellowing of the eyes or skin caused by Augmentin
you have infectious mononucleosis (mono)
you are taking a tetracycline antibiotic (eg, doxycycline)
you have recently received or will be receiving live oral typhoid vaccine

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Augmentin:
Some medical conditions may interact with Augmentin. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
if you have a history of allergies, asthma, hay fever, or hives
if you have had a severe allergic reaction (eg, severe rash, hives, breathing difficulties, dizziness) to a cephalosporin (eg, cephalexin) or another beta-lactam antibiotic (eg, imipenem)
if you have kidney problems or gonorrhea
if you have a history of liver problems or yellowing of the eyes or skin

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Augmentin. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
Anticoagulants (eg, warfarin) because the risk of bleeding may be increased
Probenecid because it may increase the amount of Augmentin in your blood
Chloramphenicol, macrolide antibiotics (eg, erythromycin), sulfonamides (eg, sulfamethoxazole), or tetracycline antibiotics (eg, doxycycline) because they may decrease Augmentin's effectiveness
Methotrexate because the risk of its side effects may be increased by Augmentin
Live oral typhoid vaccine or hormonal birth control (eg, birth control pills) because their effectiveness may be decreased by Augmentin
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Augmentin may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Augmentin:
Use Augmentin as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Take Augmentin by mouth at the start of a meal to decrease the chance of stomach upset.
To clear up your infection completely, take Augmentin for the full course of treatment. Keep taking it even if you feel better in a few days.
If you miss a dose of Augmentin, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Augmentin.

Important safety information:
Augmentin may cause dizziness. This effect may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Augmentin with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.
Augmentin only works against bacteria; it does not treat viral infections (eg, the common cold).
Be sure to use Augmentin for the full course of treatment. If you do not, the medicine may not clear up your infection completely. The bacteria could also become less sensitive to this or other medicines. This could make the infection harder to treat in the future.
Long-term or repeated use of Augmentin may cause a second infection. Tell your doctor if signs of a second infection occur. Your medicine may need to be changed to treat this.
Mild diarrhea is common with antibiotic use. However, a more serious form of diarrhea (pseudomembranous colitis) may rarely occur. This may develop while you use the antibiotic or within several months after you stop using it. Contact your doctor right away if stomach pain or cramps, severe diarrhea, or bloody stools occur. Do not treat diarrhea without first checking with your doctor.
Hormonal birth control (eg, birth control pills) may not work as well while you are using Augmentin. To prevent pregnancy, use an extra form of birth control (eg, condoms).
Brown, yellow, or gray tooth discoloration has occurred rarely in some patients taking Augmentin. It occurred most often in children. The discoloration was reduced or removed by brushing or dental cleaning in most cases. Contact your doctor if you experience this effect.
Diabetes patients - Augmentin may cause the results of some tests for urine glucose to be wrong. Ask your doctor before you change your diet or the dose of your diabetes medicine.
Lab tests, including liver function, kidney function, and complete blood cell counts, may be performed if you use Augmentin for a long period of time. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.
Use Augmentin with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects, especially patients with kidney problems.
Use Augmentin with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 10 years old who have diarrhea or an infection of the stomach or bowel.
Augmentin should not be used in CHILDREN who weigh less than 88 lbs (40 kg); safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.
PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Augmentin while you are pregnant. Augmentin is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Augmentin, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of Augmentin:
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); bloody stools; confusion; dark urine; fever, chills, or persistent sore throat; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; seizures; severe diarrhea; stomach pain or cramps; unusual bruising or bleeding; vaginal discharge or irritation; yellowing of the skin or eyes.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

If OVERDOSE is suspected:
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include decreased urination; severe nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; stomach pain; unusual drowsiness.

Proper storage of Augmentin:
Store Augmentin at or below 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Augmentin out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:
If you have any questions about Augmentin, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
Augmentin is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.
If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.
Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Augmentin. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.