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【中文品名】卡铂
【药效类别】抗肿瘤药>顺铂类
【通用药名】CARBOPLATIN
【别 名】Carboplat, Carboplatino, CBDCA, Ercar, Gadoplatina, JM-8, NSC-241240, Paraplatin, Paraplatine
【化学名称】 Platinum, diammine[1,1-cyclobutanedi(carboxylato-kO)(2-)]-, (SP-4-2)-
【CA登记号】[41575-94-4]
【结 构 式】
【分 子 式】C6H12N2O4Pt
【分 子 量】371.249
【收录药典】
【开发单位】Johnson Matthey
【首次上市】1986年，英国
【性 状】
【用 途】
为顺氯氨铂同系物类抗肿瘤药，用于卵巢、小细胞肺癌和头、颈癌。还被批准用于乳腺、睾丸、子宫颈和晚期卵巢癌。对胃肠癌应答较差，与鬼臼乙叉甙联用，应答率增加到85%。
【药理毒理】
卡铂为第二代铂类抗癌药；肾毒性、胃肠道反应、耳毒性和神经毒性较轻；药物易溶解，不需水化利尿，使用方便。
药代动力学： 卡铂为细胞周期非特异性药物其作用与DDP相似，主要能引起靶细胞 DNA的交叉联结，阻碍DNA 合成，同时阻止DNA复制，从而抑制肿瘤细胞的生长适应症。
主要适用于小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、睾丸癌、头颈部鳞癌，亦可用于非小细胞肺癌、膀胱癌、胸膜间皮瘤、子宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌等
【适应症】
主要用于卵巢癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、头颈部鳞癌、食管癌、精原细胞瘤、膀胱癌、间皮瘤等。
【禁忌症】
1.有明显骨髓抑制和肝肾功能不全者；
2.对顺铂或其他含铂化合物过敏者；
3.对甘露醇过敏者。
【用法用量】
每次剂量：单药为400mg/m2，联合用药为300mg/m2 ，先用5%葡萄糖液制成10mg/ml溶液，再加入5%葡萄糖液250-500ml，静脉滴注。亦可将上述剂量分为5次给药，每日1次，静脉滴注。每4周重复作为一周期，3周期为一疗程。
【不良反应】
1.常见的反应：
①骨髓抑制为剂量限制毒性，白细胞与血小板在用药21日后达最低点，通常在用药后30日左右恢复；粒细胞的最低点发生于用药后21～28日，通常在35日左右恢复；白细胞与血小板减少与剂量相关，有蓄积作用；
②注射部位疼痛。
2.较少见的反应：
①过敏反应(皮疹或搔痒，偶见喘咳)，发生于用药后几分钟之内；
②周围神经毒性：指或趾麻木或麻刺感；
③耳毒性：高频率的听觉丧失首先发生，耳鸣偶见；
④视力模糊、粘膜炎或口腔炎；
⑤恶心及呕吐、便秘或腹泻、食欲减退、脱发及头晕，偶见变态反应和肝功能异常。
【注意事项】
1.应用本品前应检查血象及肝肾功能，治疗期间至少每周检查1次白细胞与血小板；
2.带状疱疹、感染、肾功能减退者慎用。
3.静脉注射时应避免漏于血管外。
4.本品溶解后，应在8小时内用完。
5.滴注及存放时应避免直接日晒。
6.用药期间应随访检查：①听力；②神经功能；③血尿素氮，肌酐清除率与血清肌酐测定；④红细胞压积，血红蛋白测定，白细胞分类与血小板计数；⑤血清钙、镁、钾、钠含量的测定。
Carboplatin
pronounced as(kar' boe pla tin)
IMPORTANT WARNING:
Carboplatin can cause a decrease in the number of blood cells in your bone marrow. Your doctor will order tests before, during, and after your treatment to see if your blood cells are affected by this drug.
About your treatment
Your doctor has ordered the drug carboplatin to help treat your illness. The drug is given by injection into a vein.
This medication is used to treat:
ovarian carcinoma
This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Carboplatin is in a class of drugs known as platinum-containing compounds; it slows or stops the growth of cancer cells in your body. The length of treatment depends on the types of drugs you are taking, how well your body responds to them, and the type of cancer you have.
Other uses for this medicine
Carboplatin also is used to treat certain types of lung cancer, testicular cancer, head and neck cancer, Wilms' tumor, brain tumors, bladder cancer, and retinoblastoma. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this drug for your condition.
Precautions
Before taking carboplatin,
tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to carboplatin (Paraplatin) or any other platinum-containing compound such as cisplatin (Platinol, CDDP) or any other drugs.
tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially aspirin; medications that can cause hearing problems such as amikacin (Amikin),gentamicin (Garamycin, Jenamicin, others), kanamycin (Kantrex), neomycin (Mycifradin, Neo-fradin, Neo-Tabs), netilmicin (Netromycin), streptomycin, tobramycin (Nebcin, Tobrex, others), and others; and vitamins.
tell your doctor if you have or have ever had kidney disease and if you have ever taken platinum-containing compounds such as cisplatin (Platinol, CDDP).
you should know that carboplatin may interfere with the normal menstrual cycle (period) in women and may stop sperm production in men. However, you should not assume that you cannot get pregnant or that you cannot get someone else pregnant. Women who are pregnant should tell their doctors before they begin taking this drug. You should not plan to have children while receiving chemotherapy or for a while after treatments. (Talk to your doctor for further details.) Use a reliable method of birth control to prevent pregnancy. Carboplatin may harm the fetus.
tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding. Because of the danger of serious side effects to your baby, you should stop nursing while taking carboplatin.
do not have any vaccinations (e.g., measles or flu shots) without talking to your doctor.
you should know that combinations of chemotherapy drugs can cause cancer later on. Talk to your doctor about the risks of taking carboplatin.
Side effects
Side effects from carboplatin are common and include:
thinned or brittle hair
loss of appetite or weight
stomach pain
diarrhea
constipation
nausea and vomiting
changes in taste
changes in vision
numbness or tingling in the fingertips
Tell your doctor if either of these symptoms is severe or lasts for several hours:
mouth blistering
fatigue
If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately:
red urine
unusual bruising or bleeding
black, tarry stools
fever
chills
dizziness or feeling of faintness
pain in your side or back
shortness of breath or wheezing
swelling of the feet or ankles
rash
hearing loss
In case of emergency/overdose
In case of overdose, call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. If the victim has collapsed or is not breathing, call local emergency services at 911.
Brand names
Paraplatin®
Other names
CBDCA | 
