英文药名: Macrodantin(nitrofurantoin macrocrystals tablets) 中文药名: 呋喃妥因巨晶片 通用名: 呋喃妥因片 本品为抗菌药。大肠埃希菌对本品多呈敏感,产气肠杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、变形杆菌属、克雷伯菌属等肠杆菌科细菌的部分菌株对本品敏感,铜绿假单胞菌通常对本品耐药。本品对肠球菌属等革兰阳性菌具有抗菌作用。本品的抗菌活性不受脓液及组织分解产物的影响,在酸性尿液中的活性较强,抗菌作用机制为干扰细菌体内氧化还原酶系统,从而阻断其代谢过程。 本品微晶型在小肠内迅速而完全吸收,大结晶型的吸收较缓。与食物同服可增加两种结晶型的生物利用度。血清中药物浓度甚低,尿中的浓度较高。本品可透过胎盘和血-脑脊液屏障。血清蛋白结合率为60%。血消除半衰期(t1/2?)为 0.3~1小时。肾小球滤过为主要排泄途径,少量自肾小管分泌和重吸收。30%~40%迅速以原形经尿排出,大结晶型的排泄较慢。本品亦可经胆汁排泄,并经透析清除。 用于对其敏感的大肠埃希菌、肠球菌属、葡萄球菌属以及克雷伯菌属、肠杆菌属等细菌所致的急性单纯性下尿路感染,也可用于尿路感染的预防。 口服 1.恶心、呕吐、纳差和腹泻等胃肠道反应较常见。 新生儿、足月孕妇、肾功能减退及对呋喃类药物过敏患者禁用。 1.呋喃妥因宜与食物同服,以减少胃肠道刺激。 1.因呋喃妥因可透过胎盘屏障,而胎儿酶系尚未发育完全,故妊娠后期孕妇不宜应用,足月孕妇禁用,以避免胎儿发生溶血性贫血的可能。 1个月以内的新生儿禁用。 老年患者应慎用,并宜根据肾功能调整给药剂量。 1.可导致溶血的药物与呋喃妥因合用时,有增加溶血反应的可能。 本品过量的主要表现为呕吐。本品过量无特效解毒药。需进一步诱导呕吐,并给予大量补液,以保证药物随尿液排泄。本品也可经透析清除。 |
Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals 25mg, 50mg, 100mg; caps.
Legal Classification:
Rx
Pharmacological Class for MACRODANTIN
Antibiotic.
Manufacturer of MACRODANTIN
Warner Chilcott Laboratories
Indications for MACRODANTIN
Susceptible UTIs.
Adult dose for MACRODANTIN
Take with food. 50–100mg 4 times a day for at least 7 days. Long-term use: 50–100mg at bedtime.
Children's dosing for MACRODANTIN
Take with food. <1month: not recommended. ≥1month: 5–7mg/kg per day in 4 divided doses for at least 7 days. Long-term use: 1mg/kg per day in 1–2 divided doses.
Contraindications for MACRODANTIN
Anuria, oliguria, creatinine clearance <60mL/min. Neonates <1 month of age. Labor & delivery. Pregnancy at term. Nursing mothers.
Warnings/Precautions for MACRODANTIN
Renal insufficiency. G6PD or Vit. B deficiency. Anemia. Diabetes. Electrolyte imbalance. Asthma. Discontinue if pulmonary, hepatic disorders, hemolysis, or peripheral neuropathy occur. Monitor renal function in long-term use. Debilitated. Pregnancy (Cat.B).
Interactions for MACRODANTIN
Avoid antacids containing magnesium trisilicate. May be antagonized by uricosurics. May cause false (+) glucose test with Benedict's or Fehling's solution.
Adverse Reactions for MACRODANTIN
GI disturbances, headache, pulmonary disorders, hepatic damage, peripheral neuropathy, hemolytic anemia, dizziness, anorexia, alopecia, exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylaxis, blood dyscrasias, aplastic anemia.
How is MACRODANTIN supplied?
Caps 25mg—100; 50mg, 100mg—100, 500, 1000
Related Disease:
Infections, bacterial~systemic antiinfectives