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吡布特罗活性气雾剂|Maxair Autohaler(pirbuterol inhalation)

2011-07-30 23:07:42 作者：新特药房来源：中国新特药网天津分站浏览次数：278 文字大小：【大】【中】【小】

简介： 英文药名: Maxair Autohaler(pirbuterol inhalation) 中文药名: 吡布特罗活性气雾剂【药品简介】Pirbuterol是一种支气管扩张剂。它的工作原理是放松呼吸道肌肉，改善呼吸。 Pirbuterol用于治疗如哮喘 ...

关键字：吡布特罗、丁氨特罗、盐酸吡布特洛、吡布特洛、吡丁醇、吡丁舒喘宁、吡丁舒喘宁盐酸盐、吡舒喘宁

英文药名: Maxair Autohaler(pirbuterol inhalation)

中文药名: 吡布特罗活性气雾剂

【药品简介】
Pirbuterol是一种支气管扩张剂。它的工作原理是放松呼吸道肌肉，改善呼吸。
Pirbuterol用于治疗如哮喘，支气管炎和肺气肿。
【中文别名】吡布特罗、丁氨特罗、盐酸吡布特洛、吡布特洛、吡丁醇、吡丁舒喘宁、吡丁舒喘宁盐酸盐、吡舒喘宁
【英文别名】Exirel、Maxail、Pirbuterol Hydrochloride、Pyrbuterol、Pyrbuterol Hydrochloride
【生产企业】
【药品类别】平喘药

【药理药动】选择性β2受体激动剂，平喘疗效优于沙丁胺醇．
【药理作用】本品通过刺激交感神经的β2受体来扩张支气管，对气管平滑肌有良好的选择性，与其它支气管扩张药相比，对心脏的影响(增加心率等作用)较小。
(1)支气管扩张作用：本品对豚鼠的离体气管平滑肌有松弛作用，口服后，对豚鼠的实验性哮喘(组胺所致哮喘、卵白蛋白所致哮喘)也有抑制作用。对麻醉狗由组胺所致气道阻力增加具有抑制作用，其持续时间比异丙肾上腺素、曲托喹酚(Tretoquinol)强。
(2)器官选择性：以豚鼠离体心房搏动次数增加的作用(EC50值)与气管平滑肌松弛作用(EC50值)的比率作为指标，本品对气管平滑肌的选择性是沙丁胺醇(Salbutamol)的7倍，曲托喹酚的59倍，氨茶碱的74倍，异丙肾上腺素的258倍。
(3)耐受性：给豚鼠连续口服本品30天，也未见对组胺所致哮喘的抑制作用发生耐受性。
(4)临床药理：在临床试验中，对支气管哮喘等发生可逆性气道阻塞的呼吸系统疾病给予本品，观察肺功能，包括肺活量、1秒肺活量以及气道阻力。从给药后0。5～1小时开始症状得到改善，其效果持续7～8小时，本品对中心气道以及末梢气道狭窄均有改善作用。
小鼠及大鼠口服本品的急性LD50值(mg/kg)各为2500～2720、2800～3000。大鼠连续口服本品1个月或12个月，高剂量组有一部分出现心肌纤维化病灶，但给药1个月组的恢复试验结果表明，这种变化是可逆的。本品的最大无影响剂量1个月为100mg／(kg·d)，12个月为10mg／(kg·d)。大鼠围产期和哺乳期给药(30～300mg/kg)，发现100mg/kg以上的剂量可引起新生仔体重减少和存活率、断乳率降低。妊娠前、妊娠初期的给药试验和器官形成期给药试验均未出现特殊异常。
人口服本品10mg、15mg或25mg，一次，血中浓度在给药后2～3小时后达到峰值，6～8小时后减少一半，24小时后降到检出限度以下。给药后48小时内平均尿排泄率，本品原形为10.3％，本品结合物(主要是与硫酸结合)为42.3％。与人血浆蛋白的结合率平均为28.2％。
本品为长效拟交感神经药，有选择地兴奋肺β2-受体作用，其作用是舒喘宁的7倍，对心血管系统影响较小。口服吸收良好，0.5～1小时内出现支气管扩张，可持续6小时以上，半衰期2小时。气雾吸入8000μg，24小时从尿中排出50％以上游离型及结合型，气雾剂作用可达5小时以上。
【适应症】
应用同沙丁胺醇。
沙丁胺醇用于支气管哮喘或喘息型支气管炎等伴有支气管痉挛的呼吸道病。
缓解因支气管哮喘、慢性支气管炎和肺气肿等气道阻塞性疾病引起的呼吸困难等症状。
【用法用量
口服,一次10-15mg,一日3次.久用产生耐药性。
【用法及用量】口服，每次10～15mg，一日3次。也可顿服10～15mg。
【制剂与规格】硬胶囊剂：每粒含本品10mg，15mg；细粒剂：1.5％(含本品15mg/g)；片剂：10mg；气雾剂(醋酸)：0.2mg×200剂量单位。
【不良反应】
少数人可有恶心,头痛,头晕,心悸,手指震颤.剂量过大可有心动过速,血压波动,久用产生耐药性。
897例中主要不良反应为震颤(7.8％)、心悸(7.5％)、口渴(3.5％)、头痛(2.8％)，减量或停药后可消失。
(1)循环系统：心悸，偶有脉率加快、颜面潮红、胸部压迫感等。
(2)精神神经系统：震颤，偶有头痛、神经过敏、困倦、麻木、眩晕、耳鸣，罕见失眠等。
(3)消化道：偶有恶心、胃部不适等。
(4)过敏：偶有皮疹等，应停药。
(5)其它：偶有口渴、疲倦、水肿等。
【禁忌症】
心血管功能不全,高血压,甲亢患者慎用。
慎用于甲状腺机能亢进症、高血压、心脏病和糖尿病患者。孕妇慎用，小儿用药的安全性尚未确定。
【药物相互作用】
与肾上腺素及异丙肾上腺素等儿茶酚胺合用，可引起心律失常，甚至心跳停止，严禁合并使用。

Pirbuterol Acetate Pressurized inhalation, solution

What is this medicine?

PIRBUTEROL (peer BYOO ter ole) is a bronchodilator. It helps open up the airways in your lungs to make it easier to breathe. This medicine is used to treat and to prevent bronchospasm.

This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?

They need to know if you have any of the following conditions:
•diabetes
•heart disease or irregular heartbeat
•high blood pressure
•seizures
•thyroid disease
•an unusual or allergic reaction to pirbuterol, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
•pregnant or trying to get pregnant
•breast-feeding

How should I use this medicine?

This medicine is for inhalation through the mouth. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Do not use more often than directed. Make sure that you are using your inhaler correctly. Ask you doctor or health care provider if you have any questions.

Use this medicine before you use any other inhaler. Wait 5 minutes or more before between using different inhalers.

Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.

Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.

What may interact with this medicine?

Do not take this medicine with any of the following medications:
•MAOIs like Carbex, Eldepryl, Marplan, Nardil, and Parnate
•procarbazine

This medicine may also interact with the following medications:
•beta-blockers, often used for high blood pressure or heart problems
•diuretics
•other medicines for breathing difficulties
•tricyclic antidepressants

This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.

What should I watch for while using this medicine?

Tell your doctor or health care professional if your symptoms do not improve. Do not use extra medicine. Call your doctor right away if your breathing gets worse while you are using this medicine.

What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?

Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
•allergic reactions like skin rash or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
•change in blood pressure
•difficulty breathing, wheezing that increases or does not go away
•dizziness or fainting spell
•fast heartbeat, chest pain
•flushing
•vomiting

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
•anxiety, nervousness, trembling
•cough
•dry mouth
•headache
•stomach upset
•sore throat
•unusual taste or smell

This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Where should I keep my medicine?

Keep out of the reach of children.

Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86 degrees F). The contents may burst when exposed to heat or flame. Do not freeze. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.