英文别名：Aerolin、Albuterol、Albuterol Sulfate、Asmatol、Asmidon、Broncovaleas、Broncovaleos、Proventil、Salamol、Salbutamol Sulfate、Saltanol、Sultanol、Venetlin、Ventodisk
 
药品类别：平喘药 
 
药理药动
药效学
作用于支气管β1肾上腺素受体,松弛平滑肌,其机制为激活腺苷环化酶,促进环磷腺苷生成。
药动学
吸入本品5～15分钟作用开始,最大作用时间为60～90分钟,持续3～6小时。半衰期为3.8小时,72％随尿排出,其中28％为原形,44％为代谢产物。口服30分钟后作用开始,最大作用时间为2～3小时,持续6小时,口服后2.5小时血药浓度达峰值,半衰期为2.7～5小时。口服后约76％随尿排出,一日内大部分被排出,60％为代谢产物。约4％由粪便排出。
[药理作用]本品化学结构与异丙肾上腺素近似，为选择性β2受体兴奋药，作用较异丙肾上腺素相当或略强。其在气管内吸收较慢，而且不易被体内的硫酸酶破坏，所以作用较强而持久。本品能有效地抑制组胺和致过敏性迟缓反应物质的释放，防止支气管痉挛。

适应症
用于支气管哮喘或喘息型支气管炎等伴有支气管痉挛的呼吸道病。
用于治疗喘息型支气管炎、支气管哮喘、肺气肿引起的支气管痉挛。
 
用法用量
1．成人常用量①气雾吸入，一次 0.1—0.2mg，必要时每 4～6小时一次。②口服，一次 2—4mg，一日 3次。
2．小儿常用量①气雾吸入，一次 0.1—0.2mg；②口服，一次 0.6mg，一日 3—4次。
[制剂与规格]硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂 2％溶液，每瓶内含沙丁胺醇 20mg
硫酸沙丁胺醇片2.4mg(相当于沙丁胺醇 2mg)
口服,一次2-4mg,一日3-4次;小儿一日0.1-0.15mg/kg,分2-3次服;气雾吸入,每次0.1-0.2mg,必要时4小时1次,一日不超过8次.
心率加快严重者应停药，本品久用可产生耐药性，不仅疗效降低，且有加重哮喘的危险。
[剂型与规格]、[用法及用量]
1．沙丁胺醇(喘乐宁)长效片：8mg/片。
口服，成人每次1片，早晚各1次，病情严重可增至24h服4片；12岁以上儿童每12h服1片。本品必须吞服，不可嚼碎。
2．沙丁胺醇(喘乐宁)气雾剂：100μg／揿，200揿。
吸入治疗，每次1～2揿，每日3～4次。为取得最佳疗效，应定时吸入；儿童每次1揿，每日3～4次。
3． 沙丁胺醇气雾剂：舒喘灵溶液型气雾剂(两相)28mg／瓶，药液浓度0.2％(g/g)；舒喘灵混悬型气雾剂(三相)20mg／瓶，药液浓度0.14％(g/g)。吸入治疗，每次100～200μg，每日3次。儿童用量酌减。
4．沙丁胺醇(喘乐宁)雾化溶液：5mg／ml。
吸入，本品可按两种不同的方法使用。
间歇性用药：每日可重复用4次。成人，将0.5～1.0ml(2.5～5.0mg沙丁胺醇)雾化溶液稀释成2.0～2.5ml，放入雾化器吸入，或将2ml没有稀释的雾化溶液，放入雾化器吸入，直至支气管扩张；儿童，12岁以下，用0.5ml雾化溶液，稀释成2.0～2.5ml，放入雾化器吸入。
连续性用药：将12ml本品稀释成100ml(即每毫升含50～100μg沙丁胺醇)，放入雾化器，一般给药速度为1～2mg/h。
5．沙丁胺醇(喘乐宁)注射液：注射剂0.5mg／ml；输注液5mg/5ml。
肌注，每次0.5mg，每4h 1次；静注，每次0.25mg，缓慢注射；静滴，3～10μg/min速度较为适宜，可将5ml喘乐宁输注液用500ml 0.9％氯化钠等输液稀释，配制成10μg/ml输液静脉滴注。
6．沙丁胺醇控释片(全特宁，Volmax)：4mg／片，8mg／片。
口服，成人每次8mg，每日2次，老年人无需调整剂量。儿童(3～12岁)每次4mg，每日2次。本品必须整片用水吞服，不可研碎或嚼碎。
7．沙丁胺醇(喘宁碟)粉剂：1600μg／碟，3200μg／碟。
使用时将吸纳器上的刺针刺穿碟上的小泡，患者即可吸入粉末。急性支气管痉挛可用单剂量200μg或400μg吸入。长期维持或预防治疗，每次400μg，每日3～4次。儿童减半。
8．沙丁胶醇(速克喘)粉剂：200μg/粒，400μg/粒。
吸入治疗。成人急性发作：每次吸入200～400μg，每4～6h 1次；维持疗法，每次吸入200～400μg，每日3～4次。儿童急性发作：每次吸入200μg，每4～6h 1次；维持疗法，每次吸入200μg，每日3～4次。

不良反应
(1)较常见的不良反应有：震颤、恶心、心率增快或心搏异常强烈。
(2)较少见的不良反应：头晕、目眩、口咽发干。
(3)逾量中毒的早兆表现：胸痛，头晕，持续严重的头痛，严重高血压，持续恶心、呕吐，持续心率增快或心博强烈，情绪烦躁不安等。
恶心,头痛,肌肉震颤,心悸,血压波动,久用产生耐药性,疗效降低,且可使哮喘加重.
偶见多汗、头晕和手指震颤。剂量较大时可出现心悸和室性期外收缩。
应用过多可加重动脉低氧血症。

禁忌症
(1)对其他肾上腺素受体激动剂过敏者可能对本品呈交叉过敏。
(2)对抛射氟里昂过敏患者禁用本品雾化剂。
(3)高血压、冠状动脉供血不足、糖尿病、甲状腺机能亢进等患者应慎用。
心功能不全、糖尿病、高血压及甲亢患者慎用。
游离脂肪酸明显升高的患者或血钾下降或严重缺氧患者，发生异位节律及心律失常的机会增大。
妊娠哮喘患者用此药可使子宫松弛，易发生出血。当用此药防止早产时，在有效的剂量下，易使胎儿发生轻度心动过速(每分钟增加20次)。
此药50％由肾排出，如肾功能不全应减少剂量。

药物相互作用
(1)同时应用其他肾上腺素受体激动剂者，其作用可增加，不良反应也可能加重。
(2)并用茶碱类药时，可增加松弛支气管平滑肌的作用。也可能增加不良反应。
本品的支气管扩张作用能被β受体阻滞药普萘洛尔所拮抗，因而不宜与普萘洛尔同用。

【原产地英文商品名】AEROLIN NEBULES INHALATION SOLUTION.N 500mcg/amp 20amps/box
【原产地英文药品名】SALBUTAMOL SULFATE
【中文参考商品译名】
注：以下产品不同规格和不同价格，购买请以电话咨询为准！
•AEROLIN NEBULES.N溶液吸入剂 250微克/安醅 20安醅/盒
•AEROLIN NEBULES.N溶液吸入剂 500微克/安醅 20安醅/盒
【中文参考药品译名】硫酸沙丁胺醇
【生产厂家中文参考译名】葛兰素史克
【生产厂家英文名】GLAXOSMITHKLINΕ

Aerolin - General Information:
A racemic mixture with a 1:1 ratio of the r-isomer, levalbuterol, and s-albuterol. It is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist with its main clinical use in asthma. [PubChem]

Pharmacology:
Aerolin (INN) or albuterol (USAN), a moderately selective beta(2)-receptor agonist similar in structure to terbutaline, is widely used as a bronchodilator to manage asthma and other chronic obstructive airway diseases. The R-isomer, levalbuterol, is responsible for bronchodilation while the S-isomer increases bronchial reactivity. The R-enantiomer is sold in its pure form as Levalbuterol. The manufacturer of levalbuterol, Sepracor, has implied (although not directly claimed) that the presence of only the R-enantiomer produces fewer side-effects.

Aerolin for patients
The action of albuterol may last up to 6 hours or longer. Albuterol should not be used more frequently than recommended. Do not increase the dose or frequency of albuterol without consulting your physician. If you find that treatment with albuterol becomes less effective for symptomatic relief, your symptoms become worse, and/or you need to use the product more frequently than usual, you should seek medical attention immediately. While you are using albuterol, other inhaled drugs and asthma medications should be taken only as directed by your physician. Common adverse effects include palpitations, chest pain, rapid heart rate, and tremor or nervousness. If you are pregnant or nursing, contact your physician about use of albuterol. Effective and safe use of albuterol includes an understanding of the way that it should be administered.

Additional Information for Inhalation Aerosol: In general, the technique for administering albuterol inhalation aerosol to children is similar to that for adults, since children's smaller ventilatory exchange capacity automatically provides proportionally smaller aerosol intake. Children should use albuterol aerosol under adult supervision, as instructed by the patient's physician.

Additional Information for Inhalation Solutions: Drug compatibility (physical and chemical), efficacy, and safety of albuterol inhalation solution when mixed with other drugs in a nebulizer have not been established. 0.05% Solution Only: To avoid microbial contamination, proper aseptic techniques should be used each time the bottle is opened. Precautions should be taken to prevent contact of the dropper tip of the bottle with any surface, including the nebulizer reservoir and associated ventilatory equipment. In addition, if the solution changes color or becomes cloudy, it should not be used.

Additional Information for Capsules for Inhalation: Children should use albuterol capsules for inhalation under adult supervision, as instructed by the patient's physician.

Aerolin Interactions
Other short-acting sympathomimetic aerosol bronchodilators should not be used concomitantly with albuterol. If additional adrenergic drugs are to be administered by any route, they should be used with caution to avoid deleterious cardiovascular effects.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors or Tricyclic Antidepressants: Albuterol should be administered with extreme caution to patients being treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants, or within 2 weeks of discontinuation of such agents, because the action of albuterol on the vascular system may be potentiated.

Beta-Blockers: Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents not only block the pulmonary effect of beta-agonists, such as VENTOLIN Inhalation Aerosol, but may produce severe bronchospasm in patients with asthma. Therefore, patients with asthma should not normally be treated with beta-blockers. However, under certain circumstances, e.g., as prophylaxis after myocardial infarction, there may be no acceptable alternatives to the use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents in patients with asthma. In this setting, cardioselective beta-blockers could be considered, although they should be administered with caution.

Diuretics: The ECG changes and/or hypokalemia that may result from the administration of nonpotassium-sparing diuretics (such as loop or thiazide diuretics) can be acutely worsened by beta-agonists, especially when the recommended dose of the beta-agonist is exceeded. Although the clinical significance of these effects is not known, caution is advised in the coadministration of beta-agonists with nonpotassium-sparing diuretics.

Digoxin: Mean decreases of 16% to 22% in serum digoxin levels were demonstrated after single-dose intravenous and oral administration of albuterol, respectively, to normal volunteers who had received digoxin for 10 days. The clinical significance of these findings for patients with obstructive airway disease who are receiving albuterol and digoxin on a chronic basis is unclear. Nevertheless, it would be prudent to carefully evaluate the serum digoxin levels in patients who are currently receiving digoxin and albuterol.

Aerolin Contraindications
VENTOLIN Inhalation Aerosol is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to albuterol or any of its components.

Additional information about Aerolin
Aerolin Indication: For relief and prevention of bronchospasm due to asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.
Mechanism Of Action: Aerolin is a beta(2)-adrenergic agonist and thus it stimulates beta(2)-adrenergic receptors. Binding of albuterol to beta(2)-receptors in the lungs results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. It is believed that salbutamol increases cAMP production by activating adenylate cyclase, and the actions of salbutamol are mediated by cAMP. Increased intracellular cyclic AMP increases the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin and lowers intracellular calcium concentrations. A lowered intracellular calcium concentration leads to a smooth muscle relaxation. Increased intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations also cause an inhibition of the release of mediators from mast cells in the airways.
Drug Interactions: Not Available
Food Interactions: Not Available
Generic Name: Salbutamol
Synonyms: Albuterol; Albuterol Sulfate; Salbutamol Sulfate; Salbutamol Sulphate; Albuterol Sulphate; Levalbuterol
Drug Category: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Tocolytic Agents; Bronchodilator Agents
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved
Other Brand Names containing Salbutamol: Accuneb; Aerolin; Asmaven; Broncovaleas; Cetsim; Cobutolin; Ecovent; Loftan; Proventil; Rotahaler; Salbulin; Salbutard; Salbutine; Salbuvent; Solbutamol; Sultanol; Venetlin; Ventalin Inhaler; Ventolin; Ventolin Inhaler; Ventolin Rotacaps; Volma; Volmax; Xopenex; Airomir; Asthalin; Asthavent; Asmol; Buventol; ProAir; Salamol;
Absorption: Systemic absorption is rapid following aerosol administration.
Toxicity (Overdose): LD50=1100 mg/kg (orally in mice)
Protein Binding: Not Available
Biotransformation: Hydrolyzed by esterases in tissue and blood to the active compound colterol. The drug is also conjugatively metabolized to salbutamol 4'-O-sulfate.
Half Life: 1.6 hours
Dosage Forms of Aerolin: Liquid Oral
Aerosol, metered Respiratory (inhalation)
Powder Respiratory (inhalation)
Solution Respiratory (inhalation)
Solution Intramuscular
Solution Intravenous
Solution Oral
Tablet Oral
Chemical IUPAC Name: 4-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
Chemical Formula: C13H21NO3
Organisms Affected: Humans and other mammals