英文药名: Paludrine(Proguanil Hydrochloride Tablets)
中文药名: 盐酸氯胍片
生产厂家: AstraZeneca
药品说明
通用名称：氯胍
英文名：Proguanil
其他中文名：百乐君、比古马、氯苯胍、盐酸氯胍
其他英文名：Bigumalum、Chloroguanide、Paludrine、Prognanil
【适应症】 用于预防恶性疟、良性疟和治疗恶性疟。
【用法用量】
预防恶性疟：口服用０．１～０．２ｇ／次，３～６次／周。
治疗抗氯奎的恶性疟：口服０．２～０．３ｇ／次，２～３次／日。
[禁用或慎用]
此药对妊娠是否安全，尚无证据可循。
[不良反应]
可出现口腔溃疡、上腹不适及呕吐。大剂量可刺激肾脏，发生蛋白尿及血尿。国内报告服用盐酸氯胍引起毒性反应者共27例，均表现为肾脏损害--蛋白尿及镜下血尿。腹痛(有时为绞痛)25例，腰痛21例，呕吐17例，腰部扣击痛15例，腹泻7例，恶心3例。有报告2例严重肾衰者，1例并发白细胞及血小板减少，1例发生广泛性紫癜及鼻出血。
包装规格
· 100mg *98片
Paludrine Tablets 100mg 98 Tablets
Paludrine Tablets - Malaria is a potentially fatal disease caused by various types of parasites known as Plasmodium. Plasmodium are carried by mosquitoes and are injected into the bloodstream during a bite from an infected mosquito. Once inside the blood the parasite travels to the liver, and then out again into the bloodstream where it invades the red blood cells and reproduces. An actual attack of malaria develops when the red blood cells burst, releasing a mass of parasites into the bloodstream. The attacks do not begin until a sufficient number of blood cells have been infected with parasites.
Proguanil hydrochloride prevents malaria by stopping the parasite from reproducing once it is inside the red blood cells. It does this by blocking the action of a compound that is found in the Plasmodium parasite. This compound is an enzyme called dihydrofolate reductase, and is involved in the reproduction of the parasite.
How does Paludrine Work?
Paludrine tablets contain the active ingredient proguanil hydrochloride, which is an antimalarial medicine. It is used to prevent malaria.
Malaria is a potentially fatal disease caused by various types of parasites known as Plasmodium. Plasmodium are carried by mosquitoes and are injected into the bloodstream during a bite from an infected mosquito. Once inside the blood the parasite travels to the liver, and then out again into the bloodstream where it invades the red blood cells and reproduces. An actual attack of malaria develops when the red blood cells burst, releasing a mass of parasites into the bloodstream. The attacks do not begin until a sufficient number of blood cells have been infected with parasites.
Proguanil hydrochloride prevents malaria by stopping the parasite from reproducing once it is inside the red blood cells. It does this by blocking the action of a compound that is found in the Plasmodium parasite. This compound is an enzyme called dihydrofolate reductase, and is involved in the reproduction of the parasite.
Dihydrofolate reductase normally converts folic acid into folinic acid in the parasite, which is a step essential for the parasite to produce new genetic material (DNA). New DNA is necessary for the parasite to reproduce. By blocking it's production, proguanil prevents any malarial parasites that have entered the red blood cells from reproducing, increasing in number and causing malaria attacks.
Warning before taking Paludrine Tablets:
To prevent malaria, this medicine should be taken once a day after food, preferably at the same time each day, starting preferably one week, but at least two days before travelling to the malarious area. It should be taken regularly thoughout the stay and continued for four weeks after leaving the malarious area.
To prevent malaria it is important that you take this medicine regularly and try not to forget a dose. You should still take precautions to avoid being bitten by mosquitos, such as using mosquito repellants and sleeping under mosquito nets. This is particularly important if you have vomiting or diarrhoea, as this could affect the absorption of this medicine from the gut. If you fall ill within one year of your return, and especially if within three months of your return, you should consult your doctor immediately and let him know that you have visited a country where malaria is endemic.
Use Paludrine Tablets with caution in:
Decreased kidney function
Not to be used in
Allergy to any ingredient
This medicine should not be used if you are allergic to one or any of its ingredients. Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have previously experienced such an allergy. If you feel you have experienced an allergic reaction, stop using this medicine and inform your doctor or pharmacist immediately.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Certain medicines should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. However, other medicines may be safely used in pregnancy or breastfeeding providing the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the unborn baby. Always inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, before using any medicine.
Malaria in pregnant travellers increases the risk of maternal and neonatal death, miscarriage and stillbirth, and pregnant women are advised to avoid visiting malarious areas if possible. When travel cannot be avoided, it is very important to take effective preventive measures against malaria and be extra diligent with measures to avoid mosquito bites. Proguanil has a long history of safe use during pregnancy, but it should only be used after seeking medical advice from a doctor. It is recommended that pregnant women who take this medicine also take a daily 5mg supplement of folic acid.
This medicine passes into breast milk but is not harmful to a nursing infant. However, the amount of medicine that passes into the milk is not sufficient to prevent malaria in the nursing infant. The child will also need to be given antimalarial medicine, and you should seek medical advice from your doctor or pharmacist with regards to what medicine and what dose to give.
Label warnings
Take this medication with or after food.
You should carefully read all product packaging and labels prior to use
Side effects when taking Paludrine Tablets:
Medicines and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Because a side effect is stated here, it does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect.
Disturbances of the gut such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea or abdominal pain
Mouth ulcers
Inflammation of the lining of the mouth (stomatitis)
Reversible hair loss
Skin rashes
The side effects listed above may not include all of the side effects reported by the drug's manufacturer. For more information about any other possible risks associated with this medicine, please read the information provided with the medicine or consult your doctor or pharmacist.
How can this medicine affect other medicines?
It is important to tell your doctor or pharmacist what medicines you are already taking, including those bought without a prescription and herbal medicines, before you start treatment with this medicine. Similarly, check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking any new medicines while taking this one, to ensure that the combination is safe.
Antacids (used to treat indigestion and heartburn) may reduce the absorption of proguanil from the gut, which may mean the full dose is not absorbed into the body. To avoid this, antacids should not be taken in the two to three hours before or after taking your proguanil dose.
Proguanil may potentially enhance the anti-blood-clotting effect of anticoagulant medicines such as warfarin. If you are taking an anticoagulant medicine and you notice any unusual or unexplained bruising or bleeding while you are taking proguanil, you should consult a doctor so that your bleeding time (INR) can be checked.
Not a substitute for malarone