英文药名: Lithobid(Lithium Carbonate Extended Release Tablets)

中文药名: 碳酸锂缓释片

药品名称

【通用名称】碳酸锂
【英 文 名】Lithium　Carbonate　Tablets
【成 份】碳酸锂
【性 状】本品为白色片。
药理毒理
本品以锂离子形式发挥作用, 其抗躁狂发作的机制是能抑制神经末梢Ca2+依赖性的去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺释放, 促进神经细胞对突触间隙中去甲肾上腺素的再摄取, 增加其转化和灭活,从而使去甲肾上腺素浓度降低, 还可促进5-羟色胺合成和释放, 而有助于情绪稳定。
药代动力学
口服吸收快而完全, 生物利用度为100%, 表观分布容积(Vd)0.8L/kg, 血浆清除率(CL)0.35ml/(min•kg), 单次服药后经0.5小时血药浓度达峰值.按常规给药约5～7日达稳态浓度, 脑脊液达稳态浓度则更慢。锂离子不与血浆和组织蛋白结合, 随体液分布于全身, 各组织浓度不一,甲状腺、肾脏浓度最高,脑脊液浓度约为血浓度的一半。成人体内的半衰期(t1/2)为12～24小时, 少年为18小时, 老年人为36～48小时。本品在体内不降解, 无代谢产物, 绝大部分经肾排出, 80%可由肾小管重吸收, 锂的肾廓清率颇稳定为15～30ml/min, 随着年龄的增加, 排泄时间减慢, 可低至10～15ml/min, 消除速度因人而异, 特别与血浆内的钠离子有关, 钠盐能促进锂盐经肾排出, 有效血清锂浓度为0.6～1.2mmol/L。可自母乳中排出。晚期肾病患者半衰期延长, 肾衰时需调整给药剂量。
适 应 症
主要治疗躁狂症, 对躁狂和抑郁交替发作的双相情感性精神障碍有很好的治疗和预防复发作用, 对反复发作的抑郁症也有预防发作作用。也用于治疗分裂-情感性精神病。
用法用量
口服
成人用量按体重20～25mg/kg计算, 躁狂症治疗剂量为一日600～2000mg, 分2～3次服用, 宜在饭后服, 以减少对胃的刺激, 剂量应逐渐增加并参照血锂浓度调整。维持剂量一日500～1000mg。
任何疑问，请遵医嘱！
不良反应
1、常见不良反应口干，烦渴，多饮，多尿，便秘，腹泻，恶心，呕吐，上腹痛。
2、神经系统不良反应有双手细震颤，萎靡，无力，嗜睡，视物模糊，腱反射亢进。
3、可引起白细胞升高。上述不良反应加重可能是中毒的先兆, 应密切观察。
禁 忌

肾功能不全者，严重心脏疾病患者禁用。
注意事项

由于锂盐的治疗指数低, 治疗量和中毒量较接近, 应对血锂浓度进行监测, 帮助调节治疗量及维持量,及时发现急性中毒。治疗期应每1～2周测量血锂一次, 维持治疗期可每月测定一次。取血时间应在次日晨即末次服药后12小时。急性治疗的血锂浓度为0.6～1.2mmol/L, 维持治疗的血锂浓度为0.4～0.8mmol/L, 1.4mmol/L视为有效浓度的上限, 超过此值容易出现锂中毒。脑器质性疾病、严重躯体疾病和低钠血症患者慎用本品。服本品患者需注意体液大量丢失, 如持续呕吐、腹泻、大量出汗等情况易引起锂中毒。服本品期间不可用低盐饮食。长期服药者应定期检查肾功能和甲状腺功能。
孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药
妊娠头三个月禁用。哺乳期妇女使用本品期间应停止哺乳。
儿童用药
12岁以下儿童禁用。12岁以上儿童从小剂量开始, 根据血锂浓度缓慢增加剂量。
老年用药

按情况酌减用量, 从小剂量开始, 缓慢增加剂量, 密切关注不良反应的出现。
药物相互作用
(1)本品与氨茶碱、咖啡因或碳酸氢钠合用, 可增加本品的尿排出量, 降低血药浓度和药效。
(2)本品与氯丙嗪及其他吩噻嗪衍生物合用时, 可使氯丙嗪的血药浓度降低。
(3)本品与碘化物合用, 可促发甲状腺功能低下。
(4)本品与去甲肾上腺素合用, 后者的升压效应降低。
(5)本品与肌松药(如琥珀胆碱等)合用, 肌松作用增强, 作用时效延长。
(6)本品与吡罗昔康合用, 可导致血锂浓度过高而中毒。

包装规格：
·300mg *100 片

Lithobid (Lithium)
Also known as: Lithosun 
Lithobid (Lithium) is an antimanic agent used to treat manic-depression. It may also be used to treat other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Generic Name: lithium (LITH ee um)
Brand Names: Eskalith, Lithobid

What is Lithobid (lithium)?
Lithium affects the flow of sodium through nerve and muscle cells in the body. Sodium affects excitation or mania.
Lithium is used to treat the manic episodes of manic depression. Manic symptoms include hyperactivity, rushed speech, poor judgment, reduced need for sleep, aggression, and anger. Lithium also helps to prevent or lessen the intensity of manic episodes.
Lithium may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.
What is the most important information I should know about Lithobid (lithium)?
Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are pregnant. It could cause harm to the unborn baby. Use an effective form of birth control, and tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment. Call your doctor at once if you have any early signs of lithium toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, muscle weakness, tremor, lack of coordination, blurred vision, or ringing in your ears. Do not crush, chew, or break an extended-release tablet. Swallow the pill whole. Drink extra fluids to keep from getting dehydrated while you are taking lithium. Tell your doctor if you have been sweating excessively, or if you are sick with fever, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Avoid becoming overheated or dehydrated during exercise and in hot weather. Follow your doctor's instructions about the type and amount of liquids you should drink. In some cases, drinking too much liquid can be as unsafe as not drinking enough.
Lithium can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Lithobid (lithium)?
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to lithium.
Before taking lithium, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:
heart disease;
kidney disease;
underactive thyroid;
a severe or debilitating medical condition; or
if you are dehydrated or have low levels of sodium in your blood (hyponatremia).
If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take lithium.
FDA pregnancy category D. This medication can cause harm to an unborn baby. Do not use lithium without your doctor's consent if you are pregnant. Tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment. Use an effective form of birth control while you are using this medication. Lithium can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of this medication.
Do not give lithium to a child younger than 12 years old.
Read more at.
How should I take Lithobid (lithium)?
Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from this medication.
Do not crush, chew, or break an extended-release tablet. Swallow the pill whole. It is specially made to release medicine slowly in the body. Breaking the pill would cause too much of the drug to be released at one time.
Measure the liquid form of lithium with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
Taking lithium can make it easier for you to become dehydrated, especially if you have any vomiting or diarrhea, if you are outdoors in the sun, or if you exercise vigorously or sweat more than usual. Dehydration can increase some of the side effects of lithium.
Drink extra fluids each day to keep from getting dehydrated while you are taking lithium. Tell your doctor if you have been sweating excessively, or if you are sick with fever, vomiting, or diarrhea for more than a few hours.
To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your kidney function will need to be tested on a regular basis. Do not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.
If you need to have any type of surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are taking lithium.
Store lithium at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at your next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, muscle weakness, tremor, lack of coordination, blurred vision, or ringing in your ears.
What should I avoid while taking Lithobid (lithium)?
Lithium can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert.
Avoid becoming overheated or dehydrated during exercise and in hot weather. Follow your doctor's instructions about the type and amount of liquids you should drink. In some cases, drinking too much liquid can be as unsafe as not drinking enough.
Do not change the amount of salt that you consume in your diet. Changing your intake of salt could alter the amount of lithium in your blood.
Lithobid (lithium) side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop taking lithium and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
extreme thirst, urinating more or less than usual;
weakness, fever, feeling restless or confused, eye pain and vision problems;
restless muscle movements in your eyes, tongue, jaw, or neck;
pain, cold feeling, or discoloration in your fingers or toes;
feeling light-headed, fainting, slow heart rate;
hallucinations, seizure (blackout or convulsions);
fever with muscle stiffness, sweating, fast or uneven heartbeats; or
early signs of lithium toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, muscle weakness, tremor, lack of coordination, blurred vision, or ringing in your ears.
Less serious side effects may include:
mild tremor of the hands;
weakness, lack of coordination;
mild nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach pain or upset;
thinning or drying of the hair; or
itching skin.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088