英文药名: Depakene(Valproic Acid Capsules)
中文药名: 丙戊酸片
生产厂家: Abbott
药品名称
【别名】二丙基乙酸钠; 抗癫灵; 乙-丙基戊酸钠, 丙戊酸钠, 敌百痉, 二丙二乙酸钠, α-丙基戊酸钠, 德巴金 【外文名】Sodium Valproate, Depakene, Depakin,Epilim, Leptilan, Labazene, Valproic
规格
丙戊酸胶囊250mg.500mg; 丙戊酸肠溶胶囊 500mg; 丙戊酸糖浆250mg/5ml X 450ml。
药理作用
抗癫痫作用机理尚未阐明,可能与脑内抑制性神经递质γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的浓度升高有关。一般GABA的升高是通过代谢的降低或重吸收来达到。另外丙戊酸作用于突触后感受器部位模拟或加强着GABA的抑制作用,对神经膜的作用则尚未完全阐明,可能直接作用于对钾传导有关的膜活动。 药动学
口服从胃肠道迅速吸收,胶囊剂与普通片约经1—4小时血药浓度可达峰值,肠溶片则需3—4小时,饭后服用延迟吸收。缓释片在胃内可有少量释放,在肠道亦缓慢吸收,因此达峰时间较长,峰浓度较低,可以避免一天内血药浓度的过大波动,其生物利用度与肠溶片相同。各种剂型的生物利用度近100%。T1/2为7—10小时。有效血药浓度为50—100µg/ml。血浆蛋白结合率高,约80~94%,随着血药浓度的增高,游离部分逐渐增多,从而增加进入脑组织的梯度;尿毒症和肝硬化时则降低。在肝中代谢,包括葡糖醛酸化和某些氧化过程。主要由肾排泄,少量随粪便排出。妊娠早期丙戊酸与血浆蛋白结合可减少到74%。半减期为5~20h。本药与多种抗癫痫药物合用时半减期可缩短。丙戊酸可通过胎盘,并从乳汁中少量分泌。 适应症
用于其它抗癫痫药无效的各型癫痫病人,尤以小发作者最佳。 用法用量
口服:成人每次200~400mg,每日2~3次,儿童每日30~60mg,分次给药。一般宜从小量开始。如原服用其他抗癫痫药者,可合并应用,也可逐渐减少原药量,视情况而定。 任何疑问,请遵医嘱! 不良反应
最常见副反应是胃肠功能紊乱,其中以丙戊酸半钠的反应最小。如果反应严重时。可将药物与食物同服或逐渐加量或减少剂量。 少见副反应有食欲和体重增力、嗜睡和共济失调、头昏和头痛,造血系统方面有出血时间延长、血小板减少,白细胞减少或骨髓抑制、血小板减性紫癜。少数患者治疗初期时有肝功能损害,甚至高血氨症和Reye综合征。岩有肝功能损害时,应早期停药以免肝昏迷。偶有高血糖症发现和血清锌含量卜降。 妊娠期用丙戊酸盐,胎儿有神经管发育缺陷的危险,脊柱裂发中率为1%,为一般人患此病的20倍。在男性中应用本组药游离睾酮的血浓度降低。本组药也可产生Vonwinebrand病相类似的症状。本药可产生强直和震颤、颈和脊柱张力障碍的锥体外系症状,也有木僵状态伴有脑电图异常。偶有胰腺炎,可在疗程的任何时间产生。有胰腺症状出现时应即停药,以免造成死亡。 少许患者有皮疹、血管炎(皮肤)、暂时性脱发。有烟酸缺乏症的赖皮病表现。 约有1%~7%儿童用药后有夜尿,可能本组药影响睡眠周期之故,减药或停药后好转。 注意事项
(1)本药能透过胎盘屏障,动物试验有致畸的报道,人类尚未能证实。孕妇应用时需权衡利弊得失。 (2)丙戊酸可经乳腺分泌入乳汁,浓度为母体血药浓度的1—10%,哺乳期妇女应予注意。 (3)有肝病或明显肝功能损害时禁用。有血液病、肝病史、肾功能损害、器质性脑病时慎用。 ①于进餐后立即服用,以减少药物对胃部的刺激。 ②用药期间避免饮酒。 ③如拟停药,应逐渐减量,以防再次出现发作;当取代其他抗惊厥药物时,丙戊酸(钠)用量应逐渐增加,而被取代的药物应逐渐减少,以维持对发作的控制。 ④外科手术或其他急症治疗时应考虑可能遇到的出血时间延长或中枢神经抑制药作用的增强。用药前和用药期间应作血细胞包括血小板计数,肝、肾功能检查,肝功能在最初半年内最好每1—2月复查一次,半年后复查间隔酌量延长。 药物相互作用
(1)饮酒可加重镇静作用。 (2)全麻药或中枢神经抑制药与丙成酸合用,前者的临床效应可更明显。 (3)与抗凝药如华法林或肝素等,以及溶血栓药合用,可能增加抗凝药的效应;丙戊酸可引起低凝血酶原症和抑制血小板凝聚作用,给予抗凝药或溶血栓药,出血的危险性增加。 (4)与阿司匹林或双嘧达莫合用,可由于减少血小板凝聚而延长出血时间。 (5)与苯巴比妥类药合用,后者的代谢减慢,血药浓度上升,因而增加镇静作用而导致嗜睡。 (6)与扑米酮合用,也可引起血药浓度升高,导致中毒,必要时需减少扑米酮的用量。 (7)与氯硝西泮合用防治失神发作时,曾有报道少数病例反而诱发失神状态。 (8)与苯妥英合用时,因与蛋白结合的竞争可使两者的血药浓度发生改变,由于苯妥英浓度变化较大,需经常测定,但是否需要调整剂量应视临床情况与血药浓度而定。 (9)与卡马西平合用,由于肝酶的诱导而致药物代谢加速,可使二者的血药浓度和半衰期降低,故需监测血药浓度以决定是否需要调整用量。 (10)与对肝脏有毒性的药物合用时,潜在着肝脏中毒的危险。有肝病史者长期应用需经常检查肝功能。 (11)与氟哌啶醇、洛沙平(loxapine)、马普替林(maprotiline)、单胺氧化酶抑制药、吩噻嗪、噻吨和三环类抗抑郁药合用,可以增加中枢神经系统的抑制,降低惊厥阈和丙戊酸的效应,需及时调整用量以控制发作。 规格:500mg *200 片
Description This medicines primary use is to prevent seizures. (anticonvulsant) It is also approved to treat bipolar disorder and for prevention of migraine headaches.
General Information This information is for educational purposes only. Not every known side effect, adverse effect, or drug interaction is in this database. If you have questions about your medicines, talk to your healthcare provider. Proper use of this medicine Usual dosing is once daily. The tablets should be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed. Depakote sprinkle capsules may be swallowed whole or capsule contents may be sprinkled onto any soft food. Carefully open capsule. Place ALL sprinkles into a small amount of food (about a teaspoonful) of soft food such as applesauce or pudding. Make sure all of the sprinkle/food mixture is swallowed immediately. Chewing should be avoided. Drink fluids right after for easier swallowing. Never store mixture for future use. Missed Dose Take your next dose as soon as you remember. If it is time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular schedule. Do not double doses.
Storage Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture. Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Possible Side Effects Talk to your doctor if these side effects become severe: dizziness drowsiness nervousness hair loss (alopecia) If you experience other bothersome side effects, contact your health care provider.
Warnings/Precautions Divalproex should be used cautiously by patients with liver disease and by the elderly. Also, this medication should NOT be abruptly discontinued, due to the possibility of life-threatening seizure activity.
Overdose Seek medical attention immediately. U.S. residents can call the national poison hotline at 1-800-222-1222. Canadian residents should call their local poison control center directly. Drug Interactions Divalproex effects may be increased by erythromycin, cimetidine, salicylates, and decreased by carbamazepine. This drug may increase the effects of diazepam, phenytoin, and warfarin. Before taking any new prescription or over-the-counter medicine, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. Pregnancy/Nursing Divalproex can cause fetal damage during the first trimester and should not be used during pregnancy if other options are available. Small amounts of divalproex have been shown to be excreted in breast milk, so should be used with caution while breastfeeding. |