英文药名: Cytovene(Ganciclovir Capsules & Injection Vials) 中文药名: 更昔洛韦注射剂 生产厂家: Roche Pharmaceuticals 药品名称 产品名称 更昔洛韦注射剂 英文名称 Ganciclovir Capsulels 用途分类 血液疾病类/其它 主要成份 更昔洛韦 药理作用 本品为鸟嘌呤类抗病毒药，与阿昔洛韦是同系物， 但作用更强，尤其对艾滋病患者的巨细胞病毒有强大的抑制作用。本品进入细胞内后迅速被磷酸化形成单磷酸化合物，然后经细胞激酶的作用转化为三磷酸化合物，本药在感染巨细胞病毒的细胞内， 其磷酸化的过程较正常细胞中更快。本药三磷酸盐可竞争性抑制DNA多聚酶，并掺入病毒及宿主细胞的DNA中，从而抑制DNA的合成，本药对病毒DNA多聚酶的抑制作用比对宿主细胞的DNA多聚酶强。   适应症 本品用于免疫功能损伤引起巨细胞病毒感染的患者： 1. 于免疫功能损伤（包括艾滋病患者）发生的巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎的维持治疗； 2. 预防可能发生于器官移植受者的巨细胞病毒感染； 3. 预防晚期HIV感染患者的巨细胞病毒感染 。 肾功能正常情况下： CMV视网膜炎的维持治疗：在诱导治疗后，推荐维持量为每次1000mg， 一天3次，与食物同服。也可在非睡眠时每次服500mg，每3小时1次，每日6次，与食物同服。维持治疗时，若CMV视网膜炎有发展，则应重新进行诱导治疗。 用法用量 晚期HIV感染患者CMV病的预防：预防剂量为每次1000mg，一天3次，与食物同服。 器官移植受者CMV病的预防：预防剂量为每次1000mg，一天3次，与食物同服。 用药疗程根据免疫抑制时间和程度确定，若患者肾功能减退，则应根据肌酐清除率酌情调整用量。 任何疑问，请遵医嘱！ 不良反应 本品可引起粒细胞减少/中性白细胞减少及血小板减少。 罕见：头痛，头昏，呼吸困难，恶心， 呕吐，腹痛，腹泻，厌食，消化道出血，心律失常，血压升高或血压降低，寒战，血尿，血尿素氨增加，脱发，瘙庠，荨麻疹，血糖降低，浮肿，周身不适，肌酐增加，嗜伊红胞增多症等。 有巨细胞病感染性视网膜炎的艾滋病患者可出现视网膜剥离。 禁忌症 对更昔洛韦或阿昔洛韦过敏者禁用。 注意事项 给患者的信息：更昔洛韦的主要毒性为中性粒细胞减少症、贫血和血小板减少症，必要时需进行剂量调整包括停药。应强调在治疗中密切接受血细胞计数检查的重要性。更昔洛韦与肌酐升高有关。 药物相互作用 地丹诺辛：在口服本品前2小时或同时服用地丹诺辛，可合地丹诺辛稳态AUCo-12增加111±114%。 在口服本品前期小时服用地丹诺辛，更昔洛韦的稳态AUC下降21±17%。但两药同时用时更昔洛韦的AUC不受影响。 两种药物的肾清除率均匀没有显著改变。 规格：500mg  1 (支) 注射剂 Brand names: Cytovene®, Vitrasert® Chemical formula: What is this medicine? GANCICLOVIR (gan SYE kloe veer) is an antiviral medicine. It is used to treat or prevent infections caused by certain kinds of viruses. It is commonly used to prevent and treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections of the eye and body.   This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine? They need to know if you have any of these conditions: •kidney disease •low blood counts, like low white cell, platelet, or red cell counts •an unusual or allergic reaction to ganciclovir, acyclovir, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives •pregnant or trying to get pregnant •breast-feeding How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a full glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Take it with food. Do not open or crush the capsules. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Take all of your medicine as directed even if you think you are better. Do not skip doses or stop your medicine early. Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed. Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once. NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others. What if I miss a dose? If you miss a dose, apply as soon as possible and then continue with your regular schedule. Do not use extra doses, or use for a longer period of time than directed by your prescriber or health care professional. What may interact with this medicine? •adriamycin •amphotericin B •certain medicines for HIV like didanosine, zidovudine •dapsone •flucytosine •imipenem; cilastatin •pentamidine •probenecid •sulfamethoxazole; trimethoprim This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine. What should I watch for while using this medicine? Visit your doctor or health care professional for regular check ups. Discuss any new symptoms with your doctor. You will need to have important blood work done while on this medicine. If you have a CMV eye infection have your eyes checked every 4 to 6 weeks. Drink 6 to 8 glasses of water or fluids daily while taking this medicine to help prevent side effects. This medicine may cause birth defects to the unborn child if taken during pregnancy. Use contraception while taking this medicine. Males must use barrier contraception during therapy and for 90 days after stopping this medicine. If you think you may have become pregnant and are taking this medicine, contact your doctor right away. You may get drowsy or dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs mental alertness until you know how this medicine affects you. Do not stand or sit up quickly, especially if you are an older patient. This reduces the risk of dizzy or fainting spells. What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine? Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible: •allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue •breathing problems •changes in vision •dizziness, lightheaded •fever or chills, sore throat •mouth sores •pain, tingling, numbness in the hands or feet •trouble passing urine or change in the amount of urine •unusual bleeding or bruising •unusually weak or tired Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome): •diarrhea •loss of appetite •nausea •stomach pain This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Where should I keep my medicine? Keep out of the reach of children. Store at room temperature between 15 to 30 degrees C (59 to 86 degrees F). Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.