英文商品名：Proglycem® 中文商品名：无 主成分：diazoxide。 剂型：悬浮液50 mg/ml, 30 ml/bot，胶囊50 mg/cap。 适应症：持续性幼儿型胰岛素过度分泌低血糖症(persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy，PHHI)。 药理机转：口服diazoxide (α-adrenergic blocking agent)主要是藉由抑制胰脏分泌胰岛素，增加血液中的葡萄糖含量。 药动学：本药物口服之后吸收迅速，口服给药一小时之后，即可发挥提升血糖的作用，药效可持续8个小时，药物血中治疗浓度为10 mcg/ml，血液中的药物有90%与血清蛋白结合，在身体中均匀的分布，半衰期长达20至36个小时。如果病人罹患肾衰竭，可能引起药物堆积时，药物的半衰期会延长。有50%的药物是经由肝脏代谢，其他的药物则以原型由尿液排出。 禁忌：功能性血糖过低症和对diazoxide、thiazide类衍生物、或sulfonamides类药物过敏者。 副作用：较常见且较严重的为造成钠与体液的滞留，因而导致原本就有心脏衰竭病患的状况更加恶化。其他副作用包括溶血性贫血、白血球减少症(leukopenia)、血小板减少症(thrombocytopenia)、低血压(hypotention)、心悸(palpitations)、发红(flushing)、头痛、心跳停止(cardiac arrest)、郁血性心衰竭、肝肾功能指数增加、恶心、呕吐、胰脏炎、多毛症以及皮肤的反应。 怀孕分级：C 交互作用： 利尿剂(diuretics)：并用diazoxide会增加高血糖和高尿酸血作用。 Diazoxide和血浆蛋白接合力高，因此会影响其他需和血浆蛋白接合的物质，如胆红素、coumarin......等。 Phenytoin：diazoxide会使phenytoin控制癫痫效果变差。 Chlorpromazine：会增加diazoxide的升血糖作用。 注意事项： 初期须要监测血糖和临床反应直到病情稳定，可能须要几天时间，如果在2~3周内没有效果应停药。 若须使用一段较长时间则须常规监测血糖和尿液中糖及酮体的含量。 对于有痛风病史的患者应注意血中尿酸的变化。 肾功能不佳的病患须调低使用剂量并注意电解质的变化。 若并用降血压药物，须注意dizaoxide会增加降血压作用。 用量用法： 成人或儿童：一般起始剂量为3 mg/kg/day分为每8小时给药，平均成人每日最高起始剂量不可超过200 mg。每日剂量平均为3~8 mg/kg，每8或12小时给药，如果给药2~3周之后都没有效果，必须停药。每一个病人所需的剂量都不同，医师必须根据病人的状况及临床反应，做适当调整。 婴儿及初生儿：以体重计算，8~15 mg/kg/day，分成2~3次，每8或12小时给药。比较合适的起始剂量为10 mg/kg/day，分成3次，每8小时给药一次。如果给药2~3周之后都没有药效，必须停药。每一个病人所需的剂量都不同，医师必须根据病人的状况及临床反应，做适当调整。 保存：悬浮液应该要避光储存，而且最好放在药品的包装盒内，使用时再拿出来，并放在避光的容器内。储存温度必须控制在室温2℃至30℃。 药商：先灵葆雅企业股份有限公司 二氮嗪悬浮液与二氮嗪胶囊[图] For most people, "low blood sugar" refers to nothing more than a midafternoon energy slump or an excuse for a snack. When an infant has low blood sugar, however, the term takes on a whole new meaning. Hypoglycemia—the medical term for low blood sugar—is a relatively common problem in newborns that can have devastating neurologic consequences if not diagnosed and treated promptly. PROGLYCEM® is useful in managing hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism in certain conditions. ProglycemGeneric Name: diazoxide (oral) (DYE az OX ide)Brand Names: Proglycem What is diazoxide? Diazoxide given orally raises blood sugar by slowing the release of insulin from the pancreas. Diazoxide is used to treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) related to certain cancers that affect the pancreas and cause it to release too much insulin. Diazoxide may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide. What is the most important information I should know about oral diazoxide? You should not take this medication if you are allergic to diazoxide or diuretics (water pills). Oral diazoxide should not be used to treat occasional hypoglycemia related to diet. Before taking diazoxide, tell your doctor if you have congestive heart failure, kidney disease, gout, high cholesterol, or low potassium. Take this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take it in larger amounts or for longer than recommended. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from this medication. If your blood sugar gets too high (hyperglycemia), you may have symptoms such as increased thirst, loss of appetite, fruity breath odor, increased urination, drowsiness, dry skin, nausea, and vomiting. Tell your doctor right away if you have any of these symptoms. To be sure this medication is helping your condition and not causing harmful effects, your urine will need to be tested often for the presence of glucose (sugar) or ketones. You may be able to do this testing at home. Call your doctor if you have any abnormal test result. Your doctor may also want you to have blood or urine tests at regular intervals. Do not miss any scheduled appointments. Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity while you are taking diazoxide. If your condition does not improve after taking diazoxide for 2 to 3 weeks, stop taking the medication and talk to your doctor. What should I discuss with my health care provider before receiving diazoxide? You should not take this medication if you are allergic to diazoxide or diuretics (water pills). Oral diazoxide should not be used to treat occasional hypoglycemia related to diet. Before taking diazoxide, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have: congestive heart failure; kidney disease; gout; high cholesterol or triglycerides; or low levels of potassium in your blood (hypokalemia). If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take diazoxide. FDA pregnancy category C. This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant before you take diazoxide. Diazoxide can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. How should I take diazoxide? Take this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take it in larger amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from this medication. Shake the oral suspension (liquid) well just before you measure a dose. To be sure you get the correct dose, measure the liquid with the marked medicine dropper provided, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one. Diazoxide usually begins to work within 1 hour, and its effects can last up to 8 hours. If your blood sugar gets too high (hyperglycemia), you may have symptoms such as increased thirst, loss of appetite, fruity breath odor, increased urination, drowsiness, dry skin, nausea, and vomiting. Tell your doctor right away if you have any of these symptoms. To be sure this medication is helping your condition and not causing harmful effects, your urine will need to be tested often for the presence of glucose (sugar) or ketones. You may be able to do this testing at home. Call your doctor if you have any abnormal test result. Your doctor may also want you to have blood or urine tests at regular intervals. Do not miss any scheduled appointments. If your condition does not improve after taking diazoxide for 2 to 3 weeks, stop taking the medication and talk to your doctor. Store diazoxide at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. See also: Proglycem dosage in more detail What happens if I miss a dose? Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, wait until then to take the medicine and skip the missed dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose. What happens if I overdose? Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Overdose symptoms may include increased thirst or urination, fruity breath odor, nausea, and vomiting, or feeling like you might pass out. What should I avoid while taking diazoxide? Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity while you are taking diazoxide. Diazoxide side effects Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as: shortness of breath, swelling in your hands or feet; rapid pulse; fast or pounding heartbeats; chest pain; blurred vision, eye pain, or seeing halos around lights; easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness; fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms; urinating less than usual; or feeling like you might pass out. Less serious side effects may include: temporary increase in growth of body hair (especially in women and children; nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite; diarrhea; decreased sense of taste; headache, dizziness, anxiety; weakness; or mild itching or skin rash. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. What other drugs will affect diazoxide? The following drugs can interact with diazoxide. Tell your doctor if you have recently taken any of these: a diuretic (water pill); chlorpromazine (Thorazine); phenytoin (Dilantin); a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin); or drugs to treat high blood pressure or a prostate disorder, such as alfuzosin (Uroxatral), doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress), terazosin (Hytrin), tamsulosin (Flomax). This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with diazoxide. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.