英文药名: Proglycem(diazoxide suspension)
中文药名: 二氮嗪悬浮液,降压嗪,氯苯甲噻二嗪,氯甲苯噻嗪
生产厂家: Schering
Generic Name for PROGLYCEM SUSPENSION
Diazoxide 50mg/mL; chocolate-mint flavor; contains alcohol 7.25%
Legal Classification:
Rx
Pharmacological Class for PROGLYCEM SUSPENSION
Nondiuretic benzothiadiazine derivative.
Manufacturer of PROGLYCEM SUSPENSION
Teva Pharmaceuticals
Indications for PROGLYCEM SUSPENSION
Management of hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism associated with: inoperable islet cell adenoma or carcinoma, or extrapancreatic malignancy in adults; leucine sensitivity, islet cell hyperplasia, nesidioblastosis, extrapancreatic malignancy, islet cell adenoma, or adenomatosis in infants and children.
Adults and Children:
Individualize. Infants and newborns: Initially 10mg/kg/day divided into 3 equal doses every 8hrs. Usual range: 8–15mg/kg divided into 2–3 equal doses every 8–12hrs. Adults and children: Initially 3mg/kg/day divided into 3 equal doses every 8hrs. Usual range: 3–8mg/kg divided into 2–3 equal doses every 8–12hrs. Refractory hypoglycemia: may require higher dosages. Discontinue if not effective after 2–3 weeks.
Also:
PROGLYCEM
Contraindications for PROGLYCEM SUSPENSION
Functional hypoglycemia. Thiazide hypersensitivity.
Warnings/Precautions for PROGLYCEM SUSPENSION
Compromised cardiac reserve: may precipitate CHF. Hyperuricemia. History of gout. Renal impairment: consider reducing dose; evaluate serum electrolyte levels. Newborns with increased bilirubinemia. Monitor blood glucose, BUN, creatinine clearance, hematocrit, platelets, total and differential leukocyte counts, AST, serum uric acid periodically until stabilized. Labor & delivery. Pregnancy (Cat.C). Nursing mothers: not recommended.
Interactions for PROGLYCEM SUSPENSION
Antihypertensives potentiated. Concomitant coumarin: may need to reduce dose of anticoagulant. Concomitant diphenylhydantoin may result in loss of seizure control. Concomitant thiazides, other diuretics may potentiate hyperglycemic and hyperuricemic effects. Inhibits glucagon-stimulated insulin release and causes false-negative insulin response to glucagon.
Adverse Reactions for PROGLYCEM SUSPENSION
Sodium and fluid retention, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, hirsuitism, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, GI upset, tachycardia, palpitations, increased serum uric acid, thrombocytopenia (may require discontinuation), neutropenia, rash, headache, weakness, malaise.
How is PROGLYCEM SUSPENSION supplied?
Caps—100; Susp—30mL (w. dropper)
药品英文名
Diazoxide
药品别名
氯甲苯噻嗪、二氮甲噻嗪、低压唑、氯苯甲噻二嗪、降压嗪、Hyperstat、Proglycem
药物剂型
注射剂:150mg,300mg附专用溶剂20ml。
悬浮液50 mg/ml, 30 ml/bot
胶囊50 mg/cap
药理作用
二氮嗪直接作用于血管平滑肌,使其松弛,降低外周血管阻力,使血压急剧下降。一次快速静注本品300mg后5min出现降压高峰,使血压降至正常水平,作用维持12~18h。二氮嗪对静脉系统并无作用,不致引起直立性低血压,对心脏无直接影响,但降压同时反射性引起交感神经兴奋,使心率加快,左心室射血速度和心排出量增加,肾素分泌增加,水钠潴留。降压明显时,使肾血流量和肾小球滤过率暂时降低,但持续时间不长。二氮嗪抑制胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素;抑制磷酸二酯酶,增加细胞内cAMP或促进儿茶酚胺释放,使血糖升高,故可作升糖药。本品尚对子宫平滑肌有较强的松弛作用,降低妊娠和未妊娠子宫的收缩频率及强度,降低子宫对缩宫素的敏感性,一次快速静注后,对自发的及催产素引起的子宫活动抑制可达4h之久。
药动学
二氮嗪口服可以吸收,50%经肝脏代谢消除,50%以原形药物由尿液排泄,tmax 3~5h,进入血液后的药物90%以上与血浆蛋白结合而失效,故仅有轻微的降压作用。当大剂量推注时,血浆中游离药物浓度超过血浆蛋白结合容量,从而发挥较强的降压效果。本品静注后,作用迅速,1min内见效,2~5min降压作用明显,t1/2 22~26h,作用维持4~12h,近有文献报道,本品缓慢注射或在20~30min内滴注,血压呈进行性下降,20~30min后达到治疗的期望水平。
适应证
高血压危象,高血压脑病,幼儿特发性低血糖,胰岛细胞瘤引起的严重低血糖病,痛经和制止流产。但对嗜铬细胞瘤或单胺氧化酶抑制剂引起的高血压无效。
禁忌证
1.充血性心力衰竭、糖尿病、夹层主动脉瘤、心绞痛、心肌缺血和心肌梗死、脑缺血、肾功能不全的重型高血压患者禁用;
2.孕妇、过敏患者禁用。
注意事项
1.糖尿病患者或多次使用的患者,应并用胰岛素和服降血糖药,以控制血糖。
2.本品不应与其他药物和输液配伍。
3.注射剂碱性强,注射时应防止溢出血管外。
4.对多次注射该药的患者,可用胰岛素或口服降糖药以控制血糖。
不良反应
二氮嗪不良反应较多,可引起水钠潴留,多次重复给药可能引起水肿,充血性心力衰竭;过量可能引起低血压甚至导致休克。用药后可能出现一时性脑或心肌缺血,发热感,头痛,恶心,失眠,便秘,皮疹,白细胞及血小板减少,腹部不适感,听觉异常,静脉灼痛,静脉炎;偶见有心率加快,诱发心绞痛等不良反应,应与利尿降压药合用。长期应用可引起高血糖,高尿酸血症,锥体外症候,多毛症。
用法用量
1.静注:每次200~400mg,儿童5mg/kg,在15~20秒钟内注完。抢救高血压危象时,可在0.5~3h内再注射1次,每天总量不超过1200mg。
2.静脉滴注:每天2~3次,每次300~600mg,滴速每分钟15~30mg。
3.口服:每天2~3次,每次50~150mg。
药物相应作用
与噻嗪类利尿剂合用可使高血糖加剧,同时应用β-受体阻断剂、利血平、胍乙啶应减少剂量。其他降压药可加剧本品作用。不宜与其他药物及输液配伍。
专家点评
主要用于高血压急症需要血压快速下降时,静注300mg后1~2min血压下降至最低水平,可维持6~18h,为避免血压骤降,也可以50~150mg静注1次或重复注射或以每分钟15~30速度静脉滴注。本药的优点是作用出现快,血压下降平稳,血压很少低于正常水平,无中枢抑制作用。本品为非利尿性噻嗪类衍生物,主要药理作用为扩张小动脉,机制不明。但既往临床将其作为高血压急症的首选药物,近年来发现其疗效和安全性均不如硝普钠,故已逐渐被后者所取代。
制在室温2℃至30℃。
厂商:
药商:先灵葆雅企业股份有限公司