英文药名: Norvir(Ritonavir) 中文药名: 利托那韦 药品简介 雅培公司的利托那韦片获得美国FDA批准上市，用于单独或与抗逆转录病毒的核苷类药物合用治疗晚期或非进行性的艾滋病病人。 利托那韦为人免疫缺陷病毒-1（HIV-1）和人免疫缺陷病毒-2（HIV-2）天冬氨酸蛋白酶的口服有效抑制剂，阻断该酶促使产生形态学上成熟HIV颗粒所需的聚蛋白，使HIV颗粒因而保持在未成熟的状态，从而减慢HIV在细胞中的蔓延，以防止新一轮感染的发生和延迟疾病的发展。本品对齐多夫定敏感的和齐多夫定与沙喹那韦耐药的HIV株一般均有效。 利托那韦的剂量为600mg每日2次口服,可与进食同时进行。剂量从300mg每日2次在5天内逐渐递增至600mg每日2次,可减少腹泻的发生, 而这是一种主要的副作用。口服液如在30天内仍未服完必须放入冰箱。与吲哚那韦的交叉耐药常见；对其他蛋白酶抑制剂部分或完全耐药亦可见到。利托那韦是最强的细胞色素P-450酶抑制剂, 其他药物如某些非镇静类抗组胺药(如特非那定), 镇静类催眠药(如咪哒唑仑), 或抗心律失常药与之合用会使这些药物浓度升高达中毒水平及致病。所有合并用药都必须考虑其与利托那韦的可能的相互作用。促进P-450的药, 如利福平, 会降低利托那韦的血浓度, 而得不到预期疗效。副作用包括腹泻, 口周感觉异常, 味觉改变, 恶心, 肝炎和脂类异常。 Norvir (Ritonavir) is an HIV protease inhibitor used in combination with other medicines to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Norvir (Ritonavir) is not a cure for HIV. Before Using Norvir (Ritonavir):Use of this Norvir (Ritonavir) with certain nonsedating antihistamines (such as astemizole or terfenadine); sedatives and tranquilizers (such as midazolam or triazolam); heart medicines (antiarrhythmics such as bepridil, flecainide, propafenone, or quinidine); or ergot-containing medicines may cause severe, even fatal, side effects. INFORM YOUR DOCTOR OR PHARMACIST of all prescription and over-the-counter medicine that you are taking. DO NOT TAKE Norvir (Ritonavir) if you are also taking alfuzosin, medicines for irregular heartbeat (such as amiodarone, bepridil, flecainide, propafenone, or quinidine), astemizole, terfenadine, "ergot" derivatives (such as ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, or methylergonovine), cisapride, pimozide, benzodiazepines (such as midazolam or triazolam), certain cholesterol medicines (such as lovastatin or simvastatin), rifampin, erythromycin, fluticasone, encainide, eplerenone, certain medicine for migraine headaches (such as eletriptan), meperidine, garlic capsules or tablets, or St. John's wort. If you are taking any of these medicines contact your doctor for instructions. ADDITIONAL MONITORING OF YOUR DOSE OR CONDITION may be needed if you are taking any other medicine for HIV infection, heart or cholesterol problems, blood pressure problems, anxiety, sleep, depression or other mental or mood disorders, erectile problems, birth control, pain, seizures, overactive bladder, drug or alcohol withdrawal, malaria, leg cramps, asthma, nausea or vomiting, cancer, severe acne, bacterial or fungal infections, or if you are taking any medicine to suppress your immune system, certain stimulant medicines, corticosteroids, or "blood thinners" (such as warfarin). DO NOT START OR STOP ANY MEDICINE WITHOUT DOCTOR OR PHARMACIST APPROVAL. Inform your doctor of any other medical conditions, including liver problems (such as hepatitis), bleeding problems (such as hemophilia), cholesterol or lipid problems, diabetes, allergies, pregnancy, or breast-feeding. Contact your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions or concerns about taking Norvir (Ritonavir). How to Use Norvir (Ritonavir): Follow the directions for using Norvir (Ritonavir) provided by your doctor. Norvir (Ritonavir)comes with a patient information leaflet. Read it carefully. Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist any questions that you may have about Norvir (Ritonavir). SHAKE WELL before taking a dose of Norvir (Ritonavir) oral solution. Use a measuring device marked for medicine dosing. Ask your pharmacist for help if you are unsure of how to measure this dose. TAKE THIS Norvir (Ritonavir) with food. Norvir (Ritonavir) may be mixed with 8oz (240ml) chocolate milk, Ensure, or Advera to improve the taste. Take the Norvir (Ritonavir) oral solution dose within 1 hour of mixing with another liquid. IF YOU ARE ALSO TAKING DIDANOSINE, separate didanosine from Norvir (Ritonavir) by at least 2.5 hours. STORE Norvir (Ritonavir)at room temperature between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C) in the original bottle away from heat and light. Keep tightly closed. Do not refrigerate Norvir (Ritonavir) oral solution. If the expiration date has passed, do not use Norvir (Ritonavir). Take Norvir (Ritonavir)regularly to receive the most benefit from it. Taking Norvir (Ritonavir) at the same times each day will help you to remember. CONTINUE TO TAKE Norvir (Ritonavir) even if you feel well. Do not miss any doses. IF YOU MISS A DOSE OF Norvir (Ritonavir), take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. It is important not to miss doses of Norvir (Ritonavir). DO NOT TAKE 2 doses of Norvir (Ritonavir) at once. Cautions: DO NOT TAKE Norvir (Ritonavir) if you have had an allergic reaction to it or are allergic to any ingredient in this product. DO NOT CHANGE YOUR DOSE or take Norvir (Ritonavir) for longer than prescribed without checking with your doctor. DO NOT STOP TAKING Norvir (Ritonavir) without first checking with your doctor. Laboratory and/or medical tests, including liver function tests, blood counts, cholesterol/ triglyceride levels, and other blood tests may be performed to monitor your progress or to check for side effects. KEEP ALL DOCTOR AND LABORATORY APPOINTMENTS while you are taking Norvir (Ritonavir). BEFORE YOU HAVE ANY MEDICAL OR DENTAL TREATMENTS, EMERGENCY CARE, OR SURGERY, tell the doctor or dentist that you are using this medicine. Norvir (Ritonavir) may cause dizziness or drowsiness. DO NOT DRIVE, OPERATE MACHINERY, OR DO ANYTHING ELSE THAT COULD BE DANGEROUS until you know how you react to Norvir (Ritonavir). Using Norvir (Ritonavir) alone, with other medicines, or with alcohol may lessen your ability to drive or to perform other potentially dangerous tasks. Norvir (Ritonavir) WILL NOT PREVENT YOU FROM SPREADING HIV through blood or sexual contact. If you have any questions concerning how to prevent the spreading of HIV, ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist. Norvir (Ritonavir) MAY NOT PREVENT OTHER INFECTIONS. If your health changes, check with your doctor. Norvir (Ritonavir) MAY CAUSE HYPERGLYCEMIA (high blood sugar). Symptoms of hyperglycemia include thirst, increase urination, confusion, drowsiness, flushing, rapid breathing or fruity breath odor. If these symptoms occur, TELL YOUR DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY. CHANGES IN BODY FAT HAVE OCCURRED in some patients taking this type of medicine. These changes may include increased amount of fat in the upper back and neck, breast, and around the trunk. Loss of fat from the legs, arms, and face may also happen. The cause and long-term effects of this are unknown. Discuss any concerns with your doctor. BEFORE YOU BEGIN TAKING ANY NEW MEDICINE, either prescription or over-the-counter, check with your doctor or pharmacist. This includes herbal products, especially garlic and St. John's wort. FOR WOMEN TAKING BIRTH CONTROL PILLS, Norvir (Ritonavir) may decrease the effectiveness of your birth control pill. To prevent pregnancy, use an additional form of birth control. CAUTION IS ADVISED WHEN USING Norvir (Ritonavir)IN THE ELDERLY because they may be more sensitive to the effects of this medicine. FOR WOMEN: IF YOU PLAN ON BECOMING PREGNANT, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Norvir (Ritonavir) during pregnancy. IT IS UNKNOWN IF THIS DRUG IS EXCRETED in breast milk. DO NOT BREAST-FEED while taking Norvir (Ritonavir). IF YOU HAVE DIABETES, Norvir (Ritonavir) may affect your blood sugar. Check blood sugar levels closely and ask your doctor before adjusting the dose of your diabetes medicine. Possible Norvir (Ritonavir) Side Effects: SIDE EFFECTS, that may go away during treatment, include weakness, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach pain or upset, dizziness, drowsiness, muscle pain, or taste changes. If they continue or are bothersome, check with your doctor. CHECK WITH YOUR DOCTOR AS SOON AS POSSIBLE if you experience increased thirst; increased urination; confusion; or a tingling or burning sensation in the hands, feet, or around the mouth. CONTACT YOUR DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY if you experience fever; yellowing of eyes or skin; dark urine; severe nausea or vomiting; severe stomach pain; swelling, reddening, or blistering skin; swelling of hands, face, lips, eyes, throat, or tongue; difficulty swallowing or breathing; or hoarseness. An allergic reaction to Norvir (Ritonavir) is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, or trouble breathing. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist. Norvir (Ritonavir) overdose: If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include change in the amount of urine; or numbness or tingling in the arms, hands, legs, or feet. 利托那韦片剂型抗HIV药Norvir获得FDA批准 2010年2月10日，美国食品药品管理局(FDA)宣布批准Norvir (利托那韦) 片剂剂型。Norvir的适应证为人类免疫缺陷病毒感染，此前上市的剂型包括软胶囊剂型和口服液剂型。 与胶囊剂型不同，这一最新的Norvir 100mg片剂剂型不需要冷冻保存。但是，服用片剂剂型时须与食物同服，而服用胶囊剂型时不要求与食物同服。 Norvir片剂应整片吞服，不要嚼碎或压碎后再服用。 利托那韦推荐剂量为600mg，每日2次。 当前服用胶囊剂型的患者改服片剂剂型可能会出现更多的胃肠道不良反应，如恶心、呕吐、腹泻或腹痛，这是因为片剂剂型的血药峰浓度更大。不过，停药后这些不良反应可缓解。 当与诸如安普那韦、阿扎那韦、地瑞那韦、福沙那韦、沙奎那韦和替拉那韦等其他蛋白酶抑制剂联用时，需减少Norvir的用量。处方医生应在了解这些蛋白酶抑制剂的所有处方和临床研究资料的情况下，实施减量利托那韦/蛋白酶抑制剂联合治疗。 ------------------------------------------------------ 产地国家: 美国 原产地英文商品名: NORVIR 100MG/TAB 30TABS/BOTTLE 原产地英文药品名: RITONAVIR 中文参考商品译名: NORVIR 100毫克/片 30片/瓶 中文参考药品译名: 利托那韦 生产厂家中文参考译名: 艾伯維 生产厂家英文名: Abbvie ------------------------------------------------------ 产地国家: 美国 原产地英文商品名: NORVIR 100MG/TAB 60TABS/BOTTLE 原产地英文药品名: RITONAVIR 中文参考商品译名: NORVIR 100毫克/片 60片/瓶 中文参考药品译名: 利托那韦 生产厂家中文参考译名: 艾伯維 生产厂家英文名: Abbvie ------------------------------------------------------ 产地国家: 美国 原产地英文商品名: NORVIR 100MG/TAB 90TABS/BOTTLE 原产地英文药品名: RITONAVIR 中文参考商品译名: NORVIR 100毫克/片 90片/瓶 中文参考药品译名: 利托那韦 生产厂家中文参考译名: 艾伯維 生产厂家英文名: Abbvie