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Trelstar LA（羟萘酸曲普瑞林长效注射液）

2012-10-22 17:01:53 作者：新特药房来源：中国新特药网天津分站浏览次数：363 文字大小：【大】【中】【小】

简介： 英文药名: Trelstar LA(Triptorelin Pamoate Injection) 中文药名: 羟萘酸曲普瑞林长效注射液药品简介羟萘酸曲普瑞林注射液用于治疗男性晚期前列腺癌。但不能治愈前列腺癌。羟萘酸曲普瑞林注射液 ...

关键字：羟萘酸曲普瑞林羟萘酸曲普瑞林长效注射液晚期前列腺癌 Trelstar LA

英文药名: Trelstar LA(Triptorelin Pamoate Injection)

中文药名: 羟萘酸曲普瑞林长效注射液

药品简介

羟萘酸曲普瑞林注射液用于治疗男性晚期前列腺癌。但不能治愈前列腺癌。羟萘酸曲普瑞林注射液通过减少睾丸激素的量(人体制造并促使前列腺癌生长的激素)。有助于减缓或阻止癌细胞的生长，并帮助减轻痛苦，如:排尿困难症状。
羟萘酸曲普瑞林注射液应由专业医务人员给病人注射到臀部。
最常见的副作用: 潮热，骨骼疼痛，阳痿，头痛，和腿部疼痛, 肿胀。

Trelstar LA
Revised: August 2006
(Place for bar code)
Watson Pharma, Inc.
TRELSTAR® LA 11.25 mg
(triptorelin pamoate for injectable suspension)
Trelstar LA Description
Trelstar LA contains a pamoate salt of triptorelin, and triptorelin is a synthetic decapeptide agonist analog of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH or GnRH) with greater potency than the naturally occurring LHRH. The chemical name of triptorelin pamoate is 5 - oxo - L - prolyl - L - histidyl - L - tryptophyl - L - seryl - L - tyrosyl - D - tryptophyl - L - leucyl - L - arginyl - L - prolylglycine amide (pamoate salt); the empirical formula is C64H82N18O13 · C23H16O6 and the molecular weight is 1699.9. The structural formula is shown below：

Trelstar LA is a sterile, lyophilized biodegradable microgranule formulation supplied as a single-dose vial containing triptorelin pamoate (11.25 mg as the peptide base), 145 mg poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide, 85 mg mannitol, USP, 30 mg carboxymethylcellulose sodium, USP, 2 mg polysorbate 80, NF. When 2 mL sterile water for injection is added to the vial containing Trelstar LA and mixed, a suspension is formed which is intended as an intramuscular injection to be administered every 84 days (ie, every 12 weeks). Trelstar LA is available in 2 packaging configurations: (a) Trelstar LA vial alone or (b) Trelstar LA vial plus a separate pre-filled syringe that contains sterile water for injection, USP, 2 mL, pH 6 to 8.5 (Clip'n'Ject®).

Trelstar LA - Clinical Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Triptorelin is a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin secretion when given continuously and in therapeutic doses. Following the first administration, there is a transient surge in circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and estradiol (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). After chronic and continuous administration, usually 2 to 4 weeks after initiation of therapy, a sustained decrease in LH and FSH secretion and marked reduction of testicular and ovarian steroidogenesis is observed. In men, a reduction of serum testosterone concentration to a level typically seen in surgically castrated men is obtained. Consequently, the result is that tissues and functions that depend on these hormones for maintenance become quiescent. These effects are usually reversible after cessation of therapy.

Following a single intramuscular (IM) injection of Trelstar LA to men with advanced prostate cancer, serum testosterone levels first increased, peaking on days 2-3, and declined thereafter to low levels by weeks 3-4.

Pharmacokinetics

Results of pharmacokinetic investigations conducted in healthy men indicate that after intravenous (IV) bolus administration, triptorelin is distributed and eliminated according to a 3-compartment model and corresponding half-lives are approximately 6 minutes, 45 minutes, and 3 hours.

Absorption

Triptorelin pamoate is not active when given orally. The pharmacokinetic parameters following a single IM injection of 11.25 mg of Trelstar LA to 13 patients with prostate cancer are listed in Table 1. Triptorelin did not accumulate over 9 months of treatment.

TABLE 1. PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS (MEAN ± SD) FOLLOWING INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF Trelstar LA TO PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER
Dose	Cmax(0-85d)	Tmax(1-85d)	AUC(1-85d)
(No. of subjects)	(ng/mL)	(h)	(h·ng/mL)
11.25 mg(n=13)	38.5 ± 10.5	2.9 ± 1.3	2268.0 ±444.6

Distribution

The volume of distribution following a single IV bolus dose of 0.5 mg of triptorelin peptide was 30-33 L in healthy male volunteers. There is no evidence that triptorelin, at clinically relevant concentrations, binds to plasma proteins.

Metabolism

The metabolism of triptorelin in humans is unknown, but is unlikely to involve hepatic microsomal enzymes (cytochrome P-450). However, the effect of triptorelin on the activity of other drug metabolizing enzymes is unknown. Thus far, no metabolites of triptorelin have been identified. Pharmacokinetic data suggest that C-terminal fragments produced by tissue degradation are either completely degraded in the tissues, or rapidly degraded in plasma, or cleared by the kidneys.

Excretion

Triptorelin is eliminated by both the liver and the kidneys. Following IV administration of 0.5 mg triptorelin peptide to 6 healthy male volunteers with a creatinine clearance of 149.9 mL/min, 41.7% of the dose was excreted in urine as intact peptide with a total triptorelin clearance of 211.9 mL/min. This percentage increased to 62.3% in patients with liver disease who have a lower creatinine clearance (89.9 mL/min). It has also been observed that the nonrenal clearance of triptorelin (patient anuric, CIcreat=0) was 76.2 mL/min, thus indicating that the nonrenal elimination of triptorelin is mainly dependent on the liver (see Special Populations).

Special Populations:

Renal and Hepatic Impairment

After an IV bolus injection of 0.5 mg triptorelin peptide, the two distribution half-lives were unaffected by renal and hepatic impairment, but renal insufficiency led to a decrease in total triptorelin clearance proportional to the decrease in creatinine clearance as well as an increase in volume of distribution and consequently an increase in elimination half-life (Table 2). The decrease in triptorelin clearance was more pronounced in subjects with liver insufficiency, but the half-life was prolonged similarly in subjects with renal insufficiency, since the volume of distribution was only minimally increased. Patients with renal or hepatic impairment had 2- to 4-fold higher exposure (AUC values) than young healthy males.

TABLE 2. PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS (MEAN ±SD) IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS AND SPECIAL POPULATIONS
	Cmax	AUCinf	CIp	CIrenal	t1/2	CIcreat
Group	(ng/mL)	(h·ng/mL)	(mL/min)	(mL/min)	(h)	(mL/min)
6 healthy male	48.2	36.1	211.9	90.6	2.81	149.9
volunteers	±11.8	±5.8	±31.6	±35.3	±1.21	±7.3
6 males with
moderate renal	45.6	69.9	120.0	23.3	6.56	39.7
impairment	±20.5	±24.6	±45.0	±17.6	±1.25	±22.5
6 males with
severe renal	46.5	88.0	88.6	4.3	7.65	8.9
impairment	±14.0	±18.4	±19.7	±2.9	±1.25	±6.0
6 males with	54.1	131.9	57.8	35.9	7.58	89.9
liver disease	±5.3	±18.1	±8.0	±5.0	±1.17	±15.1

Age and Race

The effects of age and race on triptorelin pharmacokinetics have not been systematically studied. However, pharmacokinetic data obtained in young healthy male volunteers aged 20 to 22 years with an elevated creatinine clearance (approximately 150 mL/min) indicates that triptorelin was eliminated twice as fast in this young population (see Special Populations, Renal and Hepatic Impairment) as compared to patients with moderate renal insufficiency. This is related to the fact that triptorelin clearance is partly correlated to total creatinine clearance, which is well known to decrease with age.

Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions

No pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction studies have been conducted with triptorelin (see PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions).

Clinical Trials

Trelstar LA was studied in a randomized, active control trial of 346 men with advanced prostate cancer in South Africa. The clinical trial population consisted of 48% Caucasian, 38% Black, and 15% Other. Men were between 45 and 96 years of age (71 mean). Patients received either Trelstar LA (n = 174) every 84 days for a total of up to 3 doses (maximum treatment period of 252 days) or Trelstar Depot (n = 172) every 28 days for a total of up to 9 doses. The primary efficacy endpoints were both achievement of castration by Day 29 and maintenance of castration from Day 57 through Day 253.

Castration levels of serum testosterone (≤ 1.735 nmol/L) were achieved at Day 29 in 167 of 171 (97.7%) of patients treated with Trelstar LA.

Maintenance of castration levels of serum testosterone from Day 57 through Day 253 was found in 94.4% of patients treated with Trelstar LA.

Indications and Usage for Trelstar LA

Trelstar LA is indicated in the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer. It offers an alternative treatment for prostate cancer when orchiectomy or estrogen administration are either not indicated or unacceptable to the patient.

Contraindications

Trelstar LA is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to triptorelin or any other component of the product, other LHRH agonists or LHRH.

Trelstar LA is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant while receiving the drug. Trelstar LA may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.

Warnings

Rare reports of anaphylactic shock and angioedema related to triptorelin administration have been reported. In the event of a reaction, therapy with Trelstar LA should be discontinued immediately and the appropriate supportive and symptomatic care should be administered.

Initially, triptorelin, like other LHRH agonists causes a transient increase in serum testosterone levels. As a result, isolated cases of worsening of signs and symptoms of prostate cancer during the first weeks of treatment have been reported with LHRH agonists. Patients may experience worsening of symptoms or onset of new symptoms, including bone pain, neuropathy, hematuria, or urethral or bladder outlet obstruction. Cases of spinal cord compression, which may contribute to paralysis with or without fatal complications, have been reported with LHRH agonists.

If spinal cord compression or renal impairment develops, standard treatment of these complications should be instituted, and in extreme cases an immediate orchiectomy considered.

Precautions

General

Patients with metastatic vertebral lesions and/or with upper or lower urinary tract obstruction should be closely observed during the first few weeks of therapy (see WARNINGS). Hypersensitivity and anaphylactic reactions have been reported with triptorelin with other LHRH agonists (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS).

Laboratory Tests

Response to Trelstar LA should be monitored by measuring serum levels of testosterone and prostate-specific antigen. Testosterone levels should be measured immediately prior to or immediately after dosing.

Drug Interactions

No drug-drug interaction studies involving triptorelin have been conducted. In the absence of relevant data as a precaution, hyperprolactinemic drugs should not be prescribed concomitantly with Trelstar LA since hyperprolactinemia reduces the number of pituitary GnRH receptors.

Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions

Chronic or continuous administration of triptorelin in therapeutic doses results in suppression of pituitary-gonadal axis. Diagnostic tests of the pituitary-gonadal function conducted during treatment and after cessation of therapy may therefore be misleading.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category X (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). Trelstar LA is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant while receiving the drug. Studies in pregnant rats administered triptorelin at doses of 2, 10, and 100 mcg/kg/day (approximately equivalent to 0.2, 0.8, and 8 times the recommended human therapeutic dose based on body surface area) during the period of organogenesis displayed maternal toxicity and embryotoxicity, but no fetotoxicity or teratogenicity. Similarly, no teratogenic effects were observed when mice were administered doses of 2, 20, and 200 mcg/kg/day (approximately equivalent to 0.1, 0.7, and 7 times the recommended human therapeutic dose based on body surface area). If this drug is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, she should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus (see PRECAUTIONS, and Pregnancy).

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

In rats, doses of 120, 600, and 3000 mcg/kg given every 28 days (approximately 0.3, 2, and 8 times the recommended human therapeutic dose based on body surface area) resulted in increased mortality with a drug treatment period of 13-19 months. The incidence of benign and malignant pituitary tumors and histiosarcomas were increased in a dose related manner. No oncogenic effect was observed in mice administered triptorelin for 18 months at doses up to 6000 mcg/kg every 28 days (approximately 8 times the human therapeutic dose based on body surface area).

Mutagenicity studies performed with triptorelin using bacterial and mammalian systems (in vitro Ames test and chromosomal aberration test in CHO cells and an in vivo mouse micronucleus test) provided no evidence of mutagenic potential.

After 60 days of treatment followed by a minimum of four estrus cycles prior to mating, triptorelin, at doses of 2, 20, and 200 mcg/kg/day in saline (approximately 0.2, 2.0, and 16 times the recommended human therapeutic dose based on body surface area) or 20 mcg/kg/day in slow release microspheres, had no effect on the fertility or general reproductive performance of female rats. Treatment did not elicit embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, or any effects on the development of the offspring (F1 generation) or their reproductive performance.

No studies were conducted to assess the effect of triptorelin on male fertility.

Geriatric Use

Prostate cancer occurs primarily in an older patient population. Clinical studies with Trelstar LA have been conducted primarily in patients ≥ 65 years old.

Use in Women

Trelstar LA has not been studied in women and is not indicated for use in women.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether Trelstar LA is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, and because the effects of Trelstar LA on lactation and/or the breastfed child have not been determined, Trelstar LA should not be used by nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

Trelstar LA has not been studied in pediatric patients and is not indicated for use in pediatric patients.

Adverse Reactions

In the majority of patients, testosterone levels increased above baseline during the first week following the initial injection, declining thereafter to baseline levels or below by the end of the second week of treatment. The transient increase in testosterone levels may be associated with temporary worsening of disease signs and symptoms, including bone pain, hematuria, and bladder outlet obstruction. Isolated cases of spinal cord compression with weakness or paralysis of the lower extremities have occurred (see WARNINGS).

In a controlled, comparative clinical trial, the following adverse reactions were reported to have a possible or probable relationship to therapy as ascribed by the treating physician in 1% or more of the patients receiving triptorelin (Table 3). Often, causality is difficult to assess in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Reactions considered not drug-related or unlikely to be related are excluded.

TABLE 3. TREATMENT-RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS REPORTED BY 1% OR MORE OF PATIENTS DURING TREATMENT WITH Trelstar LA
	Trelstar LA
	N=174
Adverse Event	N	%
*Expected pharmacologic consequences of testosterone suppression.
Application Site
Injection site pain	7	4.0
Body As A Whole
Hot Flushes*	127	73.0
Leg pain	9	5.2
Pain	6	3.4
Back pain	5	2.9
Fatigue	4	2.3
Chest pain	3	1.7
Asthenia	2	1.1
Peripheral edema	2	1.1
Cardiovascular
Hypertension	7	4.0
Dependent edema	4	2.3
Central and Peripheral Nervous System
Headache	12	6.9
Dizziness	5	2.9
Leg cramps	3	1.7
Endocrine
Breast pain	4	2.3
Gynecomastia	3	1.7
Gastrointestinal
Nausea	5	2.9
Constipation	3	1.7
Dyspepsia	3	1.7
Diarrhea	2	1.1
Abdominal pain	2	1.1
Liver and Biliary System
Abnormal hepatic function	2	1.1
Metabolic and Nutritional
Edema in legs	11	6.3
Increased alkaline phosphatase	3	1.7
Musculoskeletal System
Skeletal pain	23	13.2
Arthralgia	4	2.3
Myalgia	2	1.1
Psychiatric
Decreased libido*	4	2.3
Impotence*	4	2.3
Insomnia	3	1.7
Anorexia	3	1.7
Respiratory System
Coughing	3	1.7
Dyspnea	2	1.1
Pharyngitis	2	1.1
Skin and Appendages
Rash	3	1.7
Urinary System
Dysuria	8	4.6
Urinary retention	2	1.1
Vision Disorders
Eye pain	2	1.1
Conjunctivitis	2	1.1

Changes in Laboratory Values During Treatment: The following abnormalities in laboratory values not present at baseline were observed in 10% or more of patients at the Day 253 visit: decreased hemoglobin and RBC count and increased glucose, BUN, SGOT, SGPT, and alkaline phosphatase. The relationship of these changes to drug treatment is difficult to assess in this population.

Pituitary apoplexy: During post-marketing surveillance, rare cases of pituitary apoplexy (a clinical syndrome secondary to infarction of the pituitary gland) have been reported after the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. In a majority of these cases, a pituitary adenoma was diagnosed with a majority of pituitary apoplexy cases occurring within 2 weeks of the first dose, and some within the first hour. In these cases, pituitary apoplexy has presented as sudden headache, vomiting, visual changes, ophthalmoplegia, altered mental status, and sometimes cardiovascular collapse. Immediate medical attention has been required.

Overdosage

There is no experience of overdosage in clinical trials. In single dose toxicity studies in mice and rats, the subcutaneous LD50 of triptorelin was 400 mg/kg in mice and 250 mg/kg in rats, approximately 7000 and 4000 times, respectively, the usual human dose. If overdosage occurs however, therapy should be discontinued immediately and the appropriate supportive and symptomatic treatment administered.

Trelstar LA Dosage and Administration

Trelstar LA Must Be Administered Under the Supervision of a Physician.

The recommended dose of Trelstar LA is 11.25 mg incorporated in a long acting formulation administered every 84 days as a single intramuscular injection administered in either buttock. The lyophilized microgranules are to be reconstituted in sterile water. No other diluent should be used. Reconstitute in accord with the following:

For Trelstar LA:

Using a syringe fitted with a sterile 20-gauge needle, withdraw 2 mL sterile water for injection, USP, and after removing the flip-off seal from the vial, inject into the vial.
Shake well to thoroughly disperse particles to obtain a uniform suspension. The suspension will appear milky.
Slowly withdraw the entire contents of the reconstituted suspension into the syringe.
Inject the patient in either buttock with the contents of the syringe.

For the Trelstar LA Clip'n'Ject® single-dose delivery system, see adjacent INSTRUCTIONS FOR CLIP'N'JECT® USE section.

The suspension should be discarded if not used immediately after reconstitution.

As with other drugs administered by intramuscular injection, the injection site should be altered periodically.

How is Trelstar LA Supplied

Trelstar LA (NDC 52544-154-02) is supplied in a single-dose vial with a flip-off seal containing sterile lyophilized triptorelin pamoate microgranules equivalent to 11.25 mg triptorelin peptide base, incorporated in a biodegradable copolymer of lactic and glycolic acids. A single dose vial of Trelstar LA contains triptorelin pamoate (11.25 mg as peptide base units), poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (145 mg), mannitol, USP (85 mg), carboxymethylcellulose sodium, USP (30 mg), and polysorbate 80, NF (2 mg).

Trelstar LA (NDC 52544-154-76) is also supplied in the Trelstar LA Clip'n'Ject® single-dose delivery system consisting of a vial with a flip-off seal containing sterile lyophilized triptorelin pamoate microgranules equivalent to 11.25 mg of triptorelin peptide base, incorporated in a biodegradable copolymer of lactic and glycolic acids, and a pre-filled syringe containing sterile water for injection, USP, 2 mL, pH 6 to 8.5.

When mixed with sterile water for injection, Trelstar LA is administered every 84 days as a single intramuscular injection.

Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not freeze.

美国食品和药物管理局TRELSTAR ®（FDA）的批准TRELSTAR ®普瑞林22.5毫克（pamoate为注射悬浮液），每年新两次制定一个行之有效的，简单而有效的姑息治疗晚期前列腺癌。预计随着5月推出，TRELSTAR ® 22.5毫克，是第一个也是唯一六个月肌肉注射（IM）的GnRH激动剂可用于治疗晚期前列腺癌的姑息性治疗。

TRELSTAR ® 22.5毫克也是唯一六个月GnRH激动剂是在室温下保存，没有冷藏是必需的。

TRELSTAR ® 22.5毫克发布普瑞林pamoate，促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）激动剂，在较长时期，从而，为六个月抑制睾丸激素的生产。公司开发的Debiopharm集团和首次在美国批准于2000年，TRELSTAR ®的适应症为晚期前列腺癌的姑息治疗，目前在一个月（3.75毫克）和三个月（11.25毫克）的形式提供。新的，更代理六个月的制定是为了提供一个更方便的治疗选项，是很好的耐受性和有效的患者和医生。

TRELSTAR ®管理是通过MIXJECT ®传输系统，它采用了薄（21号）针，从而提供与注射部位疼痛发生率较低易于管理。事实上，在临床试验中，只有1.7％的患者报告注射部位疼痛。继政府，MIXJECT ®针被捕获，以帮助符合OSHA的规定。

“TRELSTAR ® 22.5毫克广泛的基础上，建立我们的泌尿科组合，以及即将五月推出将标志着另一个品牌业务的重要里程碑我们在增长，” 弗雷德说威尔金森，执行副总裁，全球品牌在屈臣氏。 “我们有信心行事TRELSTAR独特的组合方便，可靠的睾丸激素和PSA抑制这种较长，注射部位的耐受性和制定®将提供先进的前列腺癌患者和医生的一个重要的治疗选择。事实上，我们计划进一步独特的评估和量化注射部位的耐受性该产品提供比其他常用的促性腺激素释放激素激动剂今年晚些时候推出。“

这项核准案是根据12个月（48周）的第三期研究，评估疗效，药代动力学，以及22.5毫克TRELSTAR ®安全管理，每半年中晚期前列腺癌患者（24周）。在研究中，TRELSTAR ® 22.5毫克产生了平均12.8纳克血清睾酮/分升，从本月二通过12个月，远低于相关的雄激素剥夺治疗去势水平。通过29天，97.5％的患者达到临床试验阉割水平，“98％的病人均低于六月份阉割在12个月的水平。中位数前列腺特异抗原（PSA）也减少了96.4％，在研究结束。随着TRELSTAR ® 22.5毫克使用有关的最常见的副作用包括潮热（71.7％），勃起功能障碍（10.0％），以及睾丸萎缩（7.5％）。

Watson医药公司已在美国推出其缓释促黄体素释放激素(LHRH)激动剂Trelstar Depot和Trelstar LA(triptorelin pamoate，曲普瑞林双羟萘酸盐注射混悬剂)，用于对睾丸切除术或雌激素给药不适合或不能接受的晚期前列腺癌患者的姑息治疗。1个月(3．75mg)和3个月(11．25mg)的缓释肌肉注射产品已在美国获批准几年了，但未积极促销。Watson公司是依据一项帮助其扩展泌尿学市场的协议于去年9月从Debiopharm公司转让上述产品的。
在欧洲，这两种产品由Beaufour Ipsen公司销售，商品名为Decapeptyl。