【中文名称】阿托品
【中文别名】(8-甲基-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛-3-基) endo-( /-)-alpha-(羟甲基)苯乙酸酯 
【英文名称】Atropine 
【英文别名】endo-(+/-)-alpha-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester 
【别名】阿托品，硫酸阿托品
【药理作用】
为阻断M胆碱受体的抗胆碱药，能解除平滑肌的痉挛(包括解除血管痉挛，改善微血管循环)；抑制腺体分泌；解除迷走神经对心脏的抑制，使心跳加快；散大瞳孔，使眼压升高；兴奋呼吸中枢。
【药代动力】
本品易从胃肠道及其他粘膜吸收，也可从眼或少量从皮肤吸收。口服1h后即达峰效应t1/2为3.7～4.3h。血浆蛋白结合率为14%～22%，分布容积为1.7L/kg，可迅速分布于全身组织，可透过血脑屏障，也能通过胎盘。一次剂量的一半经肝代谢，其余半数以原形经肾排出。在包括乳汁在内的各种分泌物中都有微量出现。
【适应症】
在临床上的用途主要是：
(1)抢救感染中毒性休克：成人每次1～2mg，小儿0.03～0.05mg/kg，静注，每15～30分钟1次，2～3次后如情况不见好转可逐渐增加用量，至情况好转后即减量或停药。
(2)治疗锑剂引起的阿-斯综合征：发现严重心律紊乱时，立即静注1～2mg(用5%～25%葡萄糖液10～20ml稀释)，同时肌注或皮下注射1mg，15～30分钟后再静注1mg。如病人无发作，可根据心律及心率情况改为每3～4小时皮下注射或肌注1mg，48小时后如不再发作，可逐渐减量，最后停药。
(3)治有机磷农药中毒：
①与解磷定等合用时：对中度中毒，每次皮下注射0.5～1mg，隔30～60分钟1次；对严重中毒，每次静注1～2mg，隔15～30分钟一次，至病情稳定后，逐渐减量并改用皮注。
②单用时：对轻度中毒，每次皮下注射0.5～1mg，隔30～120分钟1次；对中度中毒，每次皮下注射1～2mg，隔15～30分钟1次；对重度中毒，即刻静注2～5mg，以后每次1～2mg，隔15～30分钟1次，根据病情逐渐减量和延长间隔时间。
(4)缓解内脏绞痛：包括胃肠痉挛引起的疼痛、肾绞痛、胆绞痛、胃及十二指肠溃疡，每次皮下注射0.5mg。
(5)用为麻醉前给药：皮下注射0.5mg，可减少麻醉过程中支气管粘液分泌，预防术后引起肺炎，并可消除吗啡对呼吸的抑制。
(6)用于眼科：可使瞳孔放大，调节功能麻痹，用于角膜炎、虹膜睫状体炎。用1%～3%眼药水滴眼或眼膏涂眼。滴时按住内眦部，以免流入鼻腔吸收中毒。
【注意事项】
(1)常有口干、眩晕，严重时瞳孔散大、皮肤潮红、心率加快、兴奋、烦躁、谵语、惊厥。
(2)青光眼及前列腺肥大病人禁用。
(3)一般情况下，口服极量，1次1mg，1日3mg；皮下或静脉注射极量，1次2mg。用于有机磷中毒及阿-斯综合征时，可根据病情决定用量。
【中毒解救】
用量超过5mg时，即产生中毒，但死亡者不多，因中毒量(5～10mg)与致死量(80～130mg)相距甚远。急救口服阿托品中毒者可洗胃、导泻，以清除未吸收的阿托品。兴奋过于强烈时可用短效巴比妥类或水合氯醛。呼吸抑制时用尼可刹米。另外可皮下注射新斯的明0.5～1mg，每15分钟1次，直至瞳孔缩小、症状缓解为止。
【规格】
片剂：每片0.3mg。
注射液：每支0.5mg(1ml);1mg(2ml);5mg(1ml)。
滴眼剂：取硫酸阿托品1g，氯化钠0.29g，无水磷酸二氢钠0.4g，无水磷酸氢二钠0.47g，羟安乙酯0.03g，蒸馏水加至100ml配成。
【用法用量】
口服：0.3~0.6mg/次，3次/日。极量1mg/次，3mg/日。皮下注射或静注：感染性休克每次1~2mg，稀释后静注，每15~30min1次。阿斯综合症，严重心律紊乱时，立即静注1~2mg（5~25%葡萄糖
10 ~20ml稀释），同时肌注或皮下注射1mg，15~30min后再静注1mg， 以后逐渐减量。内脏绞痛及麻醉前，皮下注射0.5mg。
有机磷中毒：根据中毒程度，每次皮下或静注0.5~5mg。
【功能主治】
抗胆碱药，能解除平滑肌的痉挛，抑制腺体分泌，解除迷走神经对心脏的抑制，使心率加快，散大瞳孔，使眼压升高，兴奋呼吸中枢。用于胃、肠、胆、肾绞痛、早期感染性休克、麻醉前给药、阿斯综合症、有机磷中毒、散瞳以治疗虹膜睫状体炎等。
【副作用】
口干、眩晕、散瞳、皮肤潮红、心跳加快、兴奋、烦躁、谵语、惊厥。
【注意事项】
(1)青光眼及前列腺肥大患者忌用。
(2)用量超过5mg时，即产生中毒，中毒表现为兴奋过于强烈时可用短效巴比妥类或水合氯醛，呼吸抑制时可用尼可刹米。另外可皮下注射新斯地明0.5~1mg，每15min1次，直至瞳孔缩孝症状缓解为止。

GENERIC NAME: ATROPINE - ORAL (AT-roe-peen)
BRAND NAME(S): Sal-Tropine
USES: This medication is used to decrease saliva and phlegm and to control stomach/intestinal spasms. This medication works by blocking the actions of a certain natural substance (acetylcholine) that your body makes.OTHER This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.This drug may also be used to treat irritable bowel syndrome.
HOW TO USE: Take this medication by mouth, usually every 4 to 6 hours as needed or as directed by your doctor.Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. In children, the dosage is also based on weight.Inform your doctor if your condition does not improve or worsens.
SIDE EFFECTS: Blurred vision, widened pupils, headache, constipation, dry mouth/nose/throat, decreased sweating, dizziness, and drowsiness may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.If you need to relieve dry mouth, suck on (sugarless) hard candy or ice chips, chew (sugarless)gum, drink water, or use a saliva substitute.Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects.
Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: mental/mood changes (e.g., hallucinations, confusion), hot/dry skin, weakness, vision changes,
eye pain/redness, fast/irregular heartbeat, difficulty urinating, difficulty swallowing, voice changes (e.g., hoarseness).A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is
not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Before taking atropine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to belladonna alkaloids (e.g., scopolamine); or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.This
medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: glaucoma, a certain eye disorder(synechiae), asthma.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: heart/blood vessel disease (e.g., irregular heartbeat, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease), difficulty urinating (e.g., due to enlarged prostate), Down's syndrome, spastic paralysis or brain damage (in children), myasthenia gravis, overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), liver disease, kidney disease, lung disease, high blood pressure, bowel disease (e.g., paralytic ileus, diarrhea), stomach/esophagus problems (e.g., ulcers, acid reflux disease).This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy or cause blurred vision. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness or clear vision until you are sure you can perform such activities safely. Limit alcoholic beverages.This medication can decrease sweating. To prevent heatstroke, avoid becoming overheated in hot weather, in saunas, and during exercise/other strenuous activities.Contact lens wearers may need to use appropriate lubricating solutions if this medication causes dry eyes.Caution is
advised when using this drug in the elderly because they may be more sensitive to the effects of the drug.Caution is advised when using this drug in children because they may be more sensitive to the effects of the drug.During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.It is not known whether this drug passes into breast milk.
Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them.
Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor or pharmacist first.This drug should not be used with the following medications because very serious interactions may occur: ambenonium, arbutamine, pramlintide.If you are currently using any of these medications listed above, tell your doctor or pharmacist before starting atropine.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of: antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), antispasmodics (e.g., dicyclomine), certain antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g., quinidine,
procainamide), certain drugs for Parkinson's disease (e.g., levodopa, benztropine, trihexyphenidyl), ketoconazole, MAO inhibitors (e.g., furazolidone, isocarboxazid, linezolid, moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, selegiline, tranylcypromine), phenothiazines (e.g., chlorpromazine, promethazine), potassium tablets/capsules, tricyclic antidepressants(e.g., amitriptyline).This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.
OVERDOSE: If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. US residents can call the US National Poison Hotline at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: hot/dry skin, widened pupils, fast heartbeat, decreased urination, mental/mood changes (e.g., anxiety), seizures, loss of consciousness.
NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.
MISSED DOSE: Not applicable.
STORAGE: Store at room temperature between 59-86 degrees F (15-30 degrees C) away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.
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201261419260830.PDF   
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产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
SAL-TROPINE 0.4MG/TAB 100TABS/BOTTLE
原产地英文药品名:
ATROPINE SULFATE
原产地英文化合物名称:
endo-(+/-)-alpha-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester
中文参考商品译名:
SAL-TROPINE 0.4毫克/片 100片/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
硫酸阿托品
中文参考化合物名称:
(8-甲基-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛-3-基) endo-( /-)-alpha-(羟甲基)苯乙酸酯
生产厂家中文参考译名:
HOPE PHARMA
生产厂家英文名:
HOPE PHARMA
该药品相关信息网址1:
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/sal-tropine.html
该药品相关信息网址2:
http://www.medicinenet.com/atropine-oral/article.htm
该药品相关信息网址3:
http://www.pharmacyhealth.net/d/sal-tropine-1568.htm