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罗氏新型白血病药物Gazyvaro(obinutuzumab)注射剂获欧盟批准
Hydrocortisone should not be used as it has not been effective in reducing rates of IRR. 2 e.g. 1,000 mg acetaminophen/paracetamol 3 e.g. 50 mg diphenhydramine Dose The recommended dose of Gazyvaro is shown in Table 2. Cycle 1 The recommended dose of Gazyvaro is 1,000 mg administered over Day 1 and Day 2, and on Day 8 and Day 15 of the first 28 day treatment cycle. Two infusion bags should be prepared for the infusion on Days 1 and 2 (100 mg for Day 1 and 900 mg for Day 2). If the first bag is completed without modifications of the infusion rate or interruptions, the second bag may be administered on the same day (no dose delay necessary, no repetition of premedication), provided that appropriate time, conditions and medical supervision are available throughout the infusion. If there are any modifications of the infusion rate or interruptions during the first 100 mg the second bag must be administered the following day. Cycles 2 to 6 The recommended dose of Gazyvaro is 1,000 mg administered on Day 1. Table 2 Dose of Gazyvaro to be administered during 6 treatment cycles each of 28 days duration
Six treatment cycles, each of 28 day duration. Delayed or missed doses If a planned dose of Gazyvaro is missed, it should be administered as soon as possible; do not wait until the next planned dose. The planned treatment interval for Gazyvaro should be maintained between doses. Dose modifications during treatment No dose reductions of Gazyvaro are recommended. Special populations Elderly No dose adjustment is required in elderly patients (see section 5.2). Renal impairment No dose adjustment is required in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CrCl] 30-89 mL/min) (see section 5.2). The safety and efficacy of Gazyvaro has not been established in patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min). Hepatic impairment The safety and efficacy of Gazyvaro in patients with impaired hepatic function has not been established. No specific dose recommendations can be made. Paediatric population The safety and efficacy of Gazyvaro in children and adolescents aged below 18 years has not been established. No data are available. Method of administration Gazyvaro is for intravenous use. It should be given as an intravenous infusion through a dedicated line after dilution (see section 6.6). Gazyvaro infusions should not be administered as an intravenous push or bolus. For instructions on dilution of Gazyvaro before administration, see section 6.6. Instructions on the rate of infusion are shown in Table 3. Table 3 Standard infusion rate in the absence of infusion reactions/hypersensitivity
• Grade 4 (life threatening): Infusion must be stopped and therapy must be permanently discontinued. • Grade 3 (severe): Infusion must be temporarily stopped and symptoms treated. Upon resolution of symptoms, the infusion can be restarted at no more than half the previous rate (the rate being used at the time that the IRR occurred) and, if the patient does not experience any IRR symptoms, the infusion rate escalation can resume at the increments and intervals as appropriate for the treatment dose (see Table 3). The Day 1 (Cycle 1) infusion rate may be increased back up to 25 mg/hr after 1 hour, but not increased further. The infusion must be stopped and therapy permanently discontinued if the patient experiences a second occurrence of a Grade 3 IRR. • Grade 1-2 (mild to moderate): The infusion rate must be reduced and symptoms treated. Infusion can be continued upon resolution of symptoms and, if the patient does not experience any IRR symptoms, the infusion rate escalation can resume at the increments and intervals as appropriate for the treatment dose (see Table 3). The Day 1 (Cycle 1) infusion rate may be increased back up to 25 mg/hr after 1 hour, but not increased further. 4.3 Contraindications Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1. 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the trade name of the administered product should be clearly recorded (or stated) in the patient file. Infusion Related Reactions (IRRs) The most frequently observed adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients receiving Gazyvaro were IRRs, which occurred predominantly during infusion of the first 1,000 mg. In patients who received the combined measures for prevention of IRRs (adequate glucocorticoid, oral analgesic/anti-histamine, omission of antihypertensive medicine in the morning of the first infusion, and the Cycle 1 Day 1 dose administered over 2 days) as described in section 4.2, a decreased incidence of all Grade IRRs was observed. The rates of Grade 3-4 IRRs (which were based on a relatively small number of patients) were similar before and after mitigation measures were implemented. Mitigation measures to reduce IRRs should be followed (see section 4.2). The incidence and severity of infusion-related symptoms decreased substantially after the first 1,000 mg was infused, with most patients having no IRRs during subsequent administrations of Gazyvaro (see section 4.8). In the majority of patients, IRRs were mild to moderate and could be managed by the slowing or temporary halting of the first infusion, but severe and life-threatening IRRs requiring symptomatic treatment have also been reported. IRRs may be clinically indistinguishable from immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated allergic reactions (e.g. anaphylaxis). Patients with a high tumour burden (i.e. high peripheral lymphocyte count in CLL [> 25 x 109/L] may be at increased risk of severe IRRs. Patients with renal impairment (CrCl < 50 mL/min) and patients with both Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) > 6 and CrCl < 70 mL/min are more at risk of IRRs, including severe IRRs (see section 4.8). Cases of cytokine release syndrome have also been reported with Gazyvaro. For information on prophylaxis see section 4.2. If the patient experiences an IRR, the infusion should be managed according to the grade of the reaction. For Grade 4 IRRs, the infusion must be stopped and therapy permanently discontinued. For Grade 3 IRRs, the infusion must be temporarily interrupted and appropriate medicine administered to treat the symptoms. For Grade 1-2 IRRs, the infusion must be slowed down and symptoms treated as appropriate. Upon resolution of symptoms, the infusion can be restarted, except following Grade 4 IRRs, at no more than half the previous rate and, if the patient does not experience the same adverse event with the same severity, the infusion rate escalation may resume at the increments and intervals as appropriate for the treatment dose. If the previous infusion rate was not well tolerated, instructions for the Cycle 1, Day 1 and Day 2 infusion rate should be used (see Table 3 in section 4.2). Patients must not receive further Gazyvaro infusions if they experience: • acute life-threatening respiratory symptoms, • a Grade 4 (i.e. life threatening) IRR or, • a second occurrence of a Grade 3 (prolonged/recurrent) IRR (after resuming the first infusion or during a subsequent infusion). Patients who have pre-existing cardiac or pulmonary conditions should be monitored carefully throughout the infusion and the post-infusion period. Hypotension may occur during Gazyvaro intravenous infusions. Therefore, withholding of antihypertensive treatments should be considered for 12 hours prior to and throughout each Gazyvaro infusion and for the first hour after administration. Patients at acute risk of hypertensive crisis should be evaluated for the benefits and risks of withholding their anti-hypertensive medicine. Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis has been reported in patients treated with Gazyvaro. Hypersensitivity may be difficult to distinguish from IRRs. If a hypersensitivity reaction is suspected during infusion (e.g. symptoms typically occurring after previous exposure and very rarely with the first infusion), the infusion must be stopped and treatment permanently discontinued. Patients with known IgE mediated hypersensitivity to obinutuzumab must not be treated (see section 4.3). Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) has been reported with Gazyvaro. Patients who are considered to be at risk of TLS (e.g. patients with a high tumour burden or a high circulating lymphocyte count [> 25 x 109/L]) should receive adequate tumour lysis prophylaxis with uricostatics (e.g. allopurinol) and hydration starting 12-24 hours prior to the infusion of Gazyvaro (see section 4.2). For treatment of TLS, correct electrolyte abnormalities, monitor renal function and fluid balance, and administer supportive care, including dialysis as indicated. Neutropenia Severe and life-threatening neutropenia including febrile neutropenia has been reported during treatment with Gazyvaro. Patients who experience neutropenia should be closely monitored with regular laboratory tests until resolution. If treatment is necessary it should be administered in accordance with local guidelines and the administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factors should be considered. Any signs of concomitant infection should be treated as appropriate. Dose delays should be considered in case of severe or life-threatening neutropenia. It is strongly recommended that patients with severe and long lasting (>1 week) neutropenia receive antimicrobial prophylaxis throughout the treatment period until resolution to Grade 1 or 2. Antiviral and antifungal prophylaxis should be considered. Cases of late onset neutropenia (occurring 28 days after the end of treatment) or prolonged neutropenia (lasting more than 28 days after treatment has been completed/stopped) have also been reported. Patients with renal impairment (CrCl < 50 mL/min) are more at risk of neutropenia (see section 4.8). Thrombocytopenia Severe and life-threatening thrombocytopenia including acute thrombocytopenia (occurring within 24 hours after the infusion) has been observed during treatment with Gazyvaro. Patients with renal impairment (CrCl < 50 mL/min) are more at risk of thrombocytopenia (see section 4.8). Fatal haemorrhagic events have also been reported in Cycle 1 in patients treated with Gazyvaro. A clear relationship between thrombocytopenia and haemorrhagic events has not been established. Patients should be closely monitored for thrombocytopenia, especially during the first cycle; regular laboratory tests should be performed until the event resolves, and dose delays should be considered in case of severe or life-threatening thrombocytopenia. Transfusion of blood products (i.e. platelet transfusion) according to institutional practice is at the discretion of the treating physician. Use of all concomitant therapies which could possibly worsen thrombocytopenia-related events, such as platelet inhibitors and anticoagulants, should also be taken into consideration, especially during the first cycle. Worsening of pre-existing cardiac conditions In patients with underlying cardiac disease, arrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation and tachyarrhythmia), angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction and heart failure have occurred when treated with Gazyvaro (see section 4.8). These events may occur as part of an IRR and can be fatal. Therefore patients with a history of cardiac disease should be monitored closely. In addition these patients should be hydrated with caution in order to prevent a potential fluid overload. Infections Gazyvaro should not be administered in the presence of an active infection and caution should be exercised when considering the use of Gazyvaro in patients with a history of recurring or chronic infections. Serious bacterial, fungal, and new or reactivated viral infections can occur during and following the completion of Gazyvaro therapy. Fatal infections have been reported. Patients with both CIRS > 6 and CrCl < 70 mL/min are more at risk of infections, including severe infections (see section 4.8). Hepatitis B reactivation Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, in some cases resulting in fulminant hepatitis, hepatic failure and death, can occur in patients treated with anti-CD20 antibodies including Gazyvaro (see section 4.8). Hepatitis B virus screening should be performed in all patients before initiation of treatment with Gazyvaro. At a minimum this should include hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) status. These can be complemented with other appropriate markers as per local guidelines. Patients with active hepatitis B disease should not be treated with Gazyvaro. Patients with positive hepatitis B serology should consult liver disease experts before start of treatment and should be monitored and managed following local medical standards to prevent hepatitis reactivation. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has been reported in patients treated with Gazyvaro (see section 4.8). The diagnosis of PML should be considered in any patient presenting with new-onset or changes to pre-existing neurologic manifestations. The symptoms of PML are unspecific and can vary depending on the affected region of the brain. Motor symptoms with corticospinal tract findings (e.g. muscular weakness, paralysis and sensory disturbances), sensory abnormalities, cerebellar symptoms, and visual field defects are common. Some signs/symptoms regarded as “cortical” (e.g. aphasia or visual-spatial disorientation) may occur. Evaluation of PML includes, but is not limited to, consultation with a neurologist, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and lumbar puncture (cerebrospinal fluid testing for John Cunningham viral DNA). Therapy with Gazyvaro should be withheld during the investigation of potential PML and permanently discontinued in case of confirmed PML. Discontinuation or reduction of any concomitant chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy should also be considered. The patient should be referred to a neurologist for the evaluation and treatment of PML. Immunisation The safety of immunisation with live or attenuated viral vaccines following Gazyvaro therapy has not been studied and vaccination with live virus vaccines is not recommended during treatment and until B cell recovery. Exposure in utero to obinutuzumab and vaccination of newborns with live virus vaccines Due to the potential depletion of B cells in newborns following exposure to obinutuzumab during pregnancy, newborns should be monitored for B cell depletion and vaccinations with live virus vaccines should be postponed until the infant's B cell count has recovered (see section 4.6). 4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction No interaction studies have been performed. Pharmacokinetic interactions Obinutuzumab is not a substrate, inhibitor, or inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP450), uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and transporters such as P-glycoprotein. Therefore, no pharmacokinetic interaction is expected with drugs known to be metabolised by these enzyme systems. Pharmacodynamic interactions Vaccination with live virus vaccines is not recommended during treatment and until B cell recovery because of the immunosuppressive effect of obinutuzumab (see section 4.4). The combination of obinutuzumab with chlorambucil may increase neutropenia (see section 4.4). 4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation Women of childbearing potential Women of childbearing potential have to use effective contraception during and for 18 months after treatment with Gazyvaro. Pregnancy A reproduction study in cynomolgus monkeys showed no evidence of embryofoetal toxicity or teratogenic effects but resulted in a complete depletion of B lymphocytes in offspring. B cell counts returned to normal levels in the offspring, and immunologic function was restored within 6 months of birth. Furthermore, the serum concentrations of obinutuzumab in offspring were similar to those in the mothers on day 28 post-partum, suggesting that obinutuzumab crosses the placenta (see section 5.3). There are no data from the use of obinutuzumab in pregnant women. Gazyvaro should not be administered to pregnant women unless the possible benefit outweighs the potential risk. In case of exposure during pregnancy, depletion of B cells may be expected in newborns due to the pharmacological properties of the product. Consequently, newborns should be monitored for B cell depletion and vaccinations with live virus vaccines should be postponed until the infant's B cell count has recovered (see section 4.4). Breast-feeding Animal studies have shown excretion of obinutuzumab in breast milk (see section 5.3). Because human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is excreted in human milk and the potential for absorption and harm to the infant is unknown, women should be advised to discontinue breast-feeding during Gazyvaro therapy and for 18 months after the last dose of Gazyvaro. Fertility No specific studies in animals have been performed to evaluate the effect of obinutuzumab on fertility. No adverse effects on male and female reproductive organs were observed in repeat-dose toxicity studies in cynomolgus monkeys (see section 5.3). 4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines Gazyvaro has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines. IRRs are very common during the first infusion of Gazyvaro, and patients experiencing infusion related symptoms should be advised not to drive or use machines until symptoms abate. 4.8 Undesirable effects Summary of the safety profile The adverse drug reactions (ADRs) described in this section were identified during treatment and follow up in the pivotal clinical study, BO21004/CLL11, in which Gazyvaro was given in combination with chlorambucil vs chlorambucil alone (Stage 1) or rituximab plus chlorambucil (Stage 2). In patients treated with Gazyvaro in combination with chlorambucil, 81% of patients received all 6 treatment cycles compared to 89% of patients in the rituximab plus chlorambucil arm and 67% of patients in the chlorambucil alone arm. The most frequently observed ADRs in patients receiving Gazyvaro were IRRs, which occurred in the majority of patients during the first cycle (see section 4.4). The incidence of infusion-related symptoms decreased substantially from 65% with the infusion of the first 1,000 mg of Gazyvaro to less than 3% with subsequent infusions. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 41% and 15% of patients, respectively, in the pivotal study, with the incidence of Grade 3-5 infection being 16% in the Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil arm (see section 4.4). Other serious ADRs reported during clinical development include tumour lysis syndrome, cardiac events and, very rarely, PML (see section 4.4). Table 4 summarises the ADRs that occurred at a higher incidence (difference of ≥2%) in patients receiving Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil as compared to chlorambucil alone or rituximab plus chlorambucil. Frequencies are defined as very common (≥ 1/10), common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10), uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100), rare (≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000) and very rare (< 1/10,000). Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. Tabulated list of adverse reactions Table 4 Summary of ADRs reported with a higher incidence (difference of ≥2%) in patients receiving Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil as compared to chlorambucil alone or rituximab plus chlorambucil (Study BO21004/CLL11)*
No Grade 5 adverse reactions have been observed with a difference of ≥ 2% between the treatment arms While this event was reported with a difference of ≥2% between the treatment arms in Stage 1 of the study, it was no longer reported with a difference of ≥2% between the treatment arms with the Stage 1 update and the Stage 2 data. Description of selected adverse reactions Infusion-related reactions (IRRs) The incidence of IRRs was higher in the Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil arm compared to the rituximab plus chlorambucil arm. The incidence of IRRs was 65% with the infusion of the first 1,000 mg of Gazyvaro (20% of patients experiencing a Grade 3-5 IRR, with no fatal events reported). Overall, 7% of patients experienced an IRR leading to discontinuation of Gazyvaro. The incidence of IRRs with subsequent infusions was 3% with the second 1,000 mg dose and 1% thereafter. No Grade 3-5 IRRs were reported beyond the first 1,000 mg infusions of Cycle 1. Most frequently reported symptoms associated with an IRR were nausea, chills, hypotension, pyrexia, vomiting, dyspnoea, flushing, hypertension, headache, tachycardia, and diarrhoea. Respiratory and cardiac symptoms such as bronchospasm, larynx and throat irritation, wheezing, laryngeal oedema and atrial fibrillation have also been reported (see section 4.4). Neutropenia and infections The incidence of neutropenia was higher in the Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil arm compared to the rituximab plus chlorambucil arm with the neutropenia resolving spontaneously or with use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factors. The incidence of infection was 38% in the Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil arm and 37% in the rituximab plus chlorambucil arm (with Grade 3-5 events reported in 12% and 14%, respectively and fatal events reported in < 1% in both treatment arms). Cases of prolonged neutropenia (2% in the Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil arm and 4% in the rituximab plus chlorambucil arm) and late onset neutropenia (16% in the Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil arm and 12% in the rituximab plus chlorambucil arm) were also reported (see section 4.4). Thrombocytopenia The incidence of thrombocytopenia was higher in the Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil arm compared to the rituximab plus chlorambucil arm especially during the first cycle. Four percent of patients treated with Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil experienced acute thrombocytopenia (occurring within 24 hours after the Gazyvaro infusion) (see section 4.4). The overall incidence of haemorrhagic events was similar in the Gazyvaro treated arm and in the rituximab treated arm. The number of fatal haemorrhagic events was balanced between the treatment arms; however, all of the events in patients treated with Gazyvaro were reported in Cycle 1. A clear relationship between thrombocytopenia and haemorrhagic events has not been established. Special populations Elderly In the pivotal study, 46% (156 out of 336) of patients with CLL treated with Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil were 75 years old or older (median age was 74 years). These patients experienced more serious adverse events and adverse events leading to death than those patients < 75 years of age. Renal impairment In the pivotal study, 27% (90 out of 336) of patients with CLL treated with Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil had moderate renal impairment (CrCl < 50 mL/min). These patients experienced more serious adverse events and adverse events leading to death than those with CrCl ≥50 mL/min. Additional safety information from clinical studies experience Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) PML has been reported in patients treated with Gazyvaro (see section 4.4). Hepatitis B reactivation Cases of hepatitis B reactivation have been reported in patients treated with Gazyvaro (see section 4.4). Worsening of pre-existing cardiac conditions Cases of arrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation and tachyarrhythmia), angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction and heart failure have occurred when treated with Gazyvaro (see section 4.4). These events may occur as part of an IRR and can be fatal. Laboratory abnormalities Transient elevation in liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase) has been observed shortly after the first infusion of Gazyvaro. Reporting of suspected adverse reactions Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions (see details below). Ireland HPRA Pharmacovigilance Earlsfort Terrace IRL - Dublin 2 Tel: +353 1 6764971 Fax: +353 1 6762517 Website: www.hpra.ie e-mail: medsafety@hpra.ie Malta ADR Reporting The Medicines Authority Post-Licensing Directorate 203 Level 3, Rue D'Argens GŻR-1368 Gżira Website: www.medicinesauthority.gov.mt e-mail: postlicensing.medicinesauthority@gov.mt United Kingdom Yellow Card Scheme Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard 4.9 Overdose No experience with overdose is available from human clinical studies. In clinical studies with Gazyvaro, doses ranging from 50 mg up to and including 2,000 mg per infusion have been administered. The incidence and intensity of adverse reactions reported in these studies did not appear to be dose dependent. Patients who experience overdose should have immediate interruption or reduction of their infusion and be closely supervised. Consideration should be given to the need for regular monitoring of blood cell count and for increased risk of infections while patients are B cell depleted. 5. Pharmacological properties 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antineoplastic agents, monoclonal antibodies, ATC code: L01XC15 Mechanism of action Obinutuzumab is a recombinant monoclonal humanised and glycoengineered Type II anti-CD20 antibody of the IgG1 isotype. It specifically targets the extracellular loop of the CD20 transmembrane antigen on the surface of non-malignant and malignant pre-B and mature B-lymphocytes, but not on haematopoietic stem cells, pro-B-cells, normal plasma cells or other normal tissue. Glycoengineering of the Fc part of obinutuzumab results in higher affinity for FcɣRIII receptors on immune effector cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and monocytes as compared to non-glycoengineered antibodies. In nonclinical studies, obinutuzumab induces direct cell death and mediates antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) through recruitment of FcɣRIII positive immune effector cells. In addition, in vivo, obinutuzumab mediates a low degree of complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Compared to Type I antibodies, obinutuzumab, a Type II antibody, is characterised by an enhanced direct cell death induction with a concomitant reduction in CDC at an equivalent dose. Obinutuzumab, as a glycoengineered antibody, is characterised by enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) compared to non-glycoengineered antibodies at an equivalent dose. In animal models obinutuzumab mediates potent B-cell depletion and antitumour efficacy. In the pivotal clinical study BO21004/CLL11, 91% (40 out of 44) of evaluable patients treated with Gazyvaro were B-cell depleted (defined as CD19+ B cell counts < 0.07 x 109/L) at the end of treatment period and remained depleted during the first 6 months of follow up. Recovery of B-cells was observed within 12-18 months of follow up in 35% (14 out of 40) of patients without progressive disease and 13% (5 out of 40) with progressive disease. Clinical efficacy and safety A Phase III international, multicentre, open label, randomised, two-stage, three-arm clinical study (BO21004/CLL11) investigating the efficacy and safety of Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil (GClb) compared to rituximab plus chlorambucil (RClb) or chlorambucil (Clb) alone was conducted in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with comorbidities. Prior to enrolment, patients had to have documented CD20+ CLL, and one or both of the following measures of coexisting medical conditions: comorbidity score (CIRS) of greater than 6 or reduced renal function as measured by CrCl <70 mL/min. Patients with inadequate liver function (National Cancer Institute – Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Grade 3 liver function tests (AST, ALT > 5 x ULN for > 2 weeks; bilirubin > 3 x ULN) and renal function (CrCl < 30 mL/min) were excluded. Patients with one or more individual organ/system impairment score of 4 as assessed by the CIRS definition, excluding eyes, ears, nose, throat and larynx organ system, were excluded. A total of 781 patients were randomized 2:2:1 to receive Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil, rituximab plus chlorambucil or chlorambucil alone. Stage 1a compared Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil to chlorambucil alone in 356 patients and Stage 2 compared Gazyvaro plus chlorambucil to rituximab plus chlorambucil in 663 patients. Efficacy results are summarized in Table 5 and in Figures 1-3. In the majority of patients, Gazyvaro was given intravenously as a 1,000 mg initial dose administered on Day 1, Day 8 and Day 15 of the first treatment cycle. In order to reduce the rate of infusion reactions in patients, an amendment was implemented and 140 patients received the first Gazyvaro dose administered over 2 days (Day 1 [100 mg] and Day 2 [900 mg]) (see section 4.2 and 4.4). For each subsequent treatment cycle (Cycles 2 to 6), patients received Gazyvaro 1,000 mg on Day 1 only. Chlorambucil was given orally at 0.5 mg/kg body weight on Day 1 and Day 15 of all treatment cycles (1 to 6). The demographics data and baseline characteristics were well balanced between the treatment groups. The majority of patients were Caucasian (95%) and male (61%). The median age was 73 years, with 44% being 75 years or older. At baseline, 22% of patients had Binet Stage A, 42% had Binet Stage B and 36% had Binet Stage C. The median comorbidity score was 8 and 76% of the patients enrolled had a comorbidity score above 6. The median estimated CrCl was 62 mL/min and 66% of all patients had a CrCl < 70 mL/min. Forty-two percent of patients enrolled had both a CrCl < 70 mL/min and a comorbidity score of > 6. Thirty-four percent of patients were enrolled on comorbidity score alone, and 23% of patients were enrolled with only impaired renal function. The most frequently reported coexisting medical conditions (using a cut off of 30% or higher), in the MedDRA body systems are: Vascular disorders (73%), Cardiac disorders (46%), Gastrointestinal disorders (38%), Metabolism and nutrition disorders (40%), Renal and urinary disorders (38%), Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (33%). Table 5 Summary of efficacy from BO21004/CLL11 study
a Defined as the time from randomization to the first occurrence of progression, relapse or death from any cause as assessed by the investigator b stratified by Binet stage at baseline c Includes 11 patients in the GClb arm with a complete response with incomplete marrow recovery d Blood and bone marrow combined e MRD negativity is defined as a result below 0.0001 f Includes MRD positive patients and patients who progressed or died before the end of treatment NR = Not reached Data not yet mature Overall survival for Stage 1a is presented in Figure 2. Overall survival for Stage 2 will continue to be followed and is not yet mature. Results of the PFS subgroup analysis (i.e. sex, age, Binet stages, CrCl, CIRS score, beta2-microglobulin, IGVH status, chromosomal abnormalities, lymphocyte count at baseline) were consistent with the results seen in the overall Intent-to-Treat population. The risk of disease progression or death was reduced in the GClb arm compared to the RClb arm and Clb arm in all subgroups except in the subgroup of patients with deletion 17p. In the small subgroup of patients with deletion 17p, only a positive trend was observed compared to Clb (HR=0.42, p=0.0892); no benefit was observed compared to RClb. For subgroups, reduction of the risk of disease progression or death ranged from 92% to 58% for GClb versus Clb and 72% to 29% for GClb versus RClb. Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier curve of Investigator assessed progression-free survival from Stage 1a
The bag should be gently inverted to mix the solution in order to avoid excessive foaming. The diluted solution should not be shaken or frozen. Parenteral medicinal products should be inspected visually for particulates and discolouration prior to administration. No incompatibilities have been observed between Gazyvaro, in concentration ranges from 0.4 mg/mL to 20.0 mg/mL after dilution of Gazyvaro with sodium chloride 9 mg/mL (0.9%) solution for injection, and: - PVC, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene or polyolefin bags - PVC, polyurethane (PUR) or PE infusion sets - optional inline filters with product contact surfaces of polyethersulfone (PES), a 3-way stopcock infusion aid made from polycarbonate (PC), and catheters made from polyetherurethane (PEU). Disposal Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements. 7. Marketing authorisation holder Roche Registration Limited 6 Falcon Way Shire Park Welwyn Garden City AL7 1TW United Kingdom 8. Marketing authorisation number(s) EU/1/14/937/001 9. Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation 23rd July 2014 10. Date of revision of the text Detailed information on this medicinal product is available on the website of the European Medicines Agency http://www.ema.europa.eu. 罗氏Gazyvaro（obinutuzumab）在欧洲获批用于治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL） 罗氏（Roche）5月23日宣布，抗癌药物Gazyvaro（obinutuzumab）获得了欧洲药品管理局（EMA）人用医药产品委员会（CHMP）的积极意见。CHMP建议批准Gazyvaro联合苯丁酸氮芥（chlorambucil）用于因一些并存病（comorbidities）导致不适合某种特定化疗（全剂量氟达拉滨）的初治慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）成人患者的治疗。欧盟委员会（EC）预计将在未来几个月内做出最终审查决定。 CHMP的积极意见，主要基于III期CLL11研究的数据。数据表明，与苯丁酸氮芥单药疗法及美罗华（MabThera，通用名：rituximab，利妥昔单抗）+苯丁酸氮芥组合疗法相比，Gazyvaro+苯丁酸氮芥组合疗法显著延长了患者的疾病无进展生存期（PFS），同时也增加了缓解深度（以微小残留病（MRD）评价）。此外，与与苯丁酸氮芥单药疗法相比，Gazyvaro+苯丁酸氮芥组合疗法也增加了初治CLL患者的总生存期（OS）。 关于Gazyvaro（obinutuzumab）： obinutuzumab在美国的商品名为Gazyva，已获FDA批准，联合苯丁酸氮芥（chlorambucil）化疗，用于既往未经治疗的慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）患者。Gazyva的获批，将减少生物仿制药对罗氏重磅药物美罗华（Rituxan，通用名：rituximab，利妥昔单抗）的冲击。 obinutuzumab又名GA101，是首个糖基化的II型抗CD20单克隆抗体，靶向B细胞表面的CD20分子，能够直接诱导B细胞死亡。obinutuzumab旨在增强抗体依赖性细胞毒性作用（Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity，ADCC）及直接的细胞死亡诱导作用（Direct Cell Death induction）。 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gazyvaro（obinutuzumab）注射剂简介：
罗氏新型白血病药物Gazyvaro(obinutuzumab)注射剂获欧盟批准新生物制品批准日期：2014年5月23日；公司：瑞士罗氏作用机制 Obinutuzumab是一种单克隆抗体靶向前B-和成熟B-淋巴细胞的表面上表达的CD20抗原 ... 责任编辑：admin |
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