新型抗癌药PD-L1抗体Bavencio(avelumab)冻干粉注射剂获FDA批准为第一个治疗皮肤癌
美国食品药品监督管理局FDA加速批准了Bavencio（avelumab）用于治疗转移性细胞癌（MCC）成年人和≥12岁儿童，包括那些尚未进行过化疗的患者。
根据国家癌症统计所数据，美国每年约有1600人被确诊为MCC。而大多数持续存在局部肿瘤的患者可以通过手术切除治疗，但约一半的患者将会出现复发，超过30%的患者最终进展为转移性疾病。在转移性MCC患者中，癌症已经扩散到皮肤以外的其他部位。
Bavencio靶向PD-1/PD-L1通路（在机体免疫细胞和某些癌症细胞发现的蛋白质）。通过阻断这些相互作用，Bavencio可以帮助机体免疫系统攻击癌症细胞。
批准日期: 2017年3月23日；公司:EMD Serono Inc.
BAVENCIO(avelumab)注射液，为静脉使用
美国初次批准：2017
作用机制
PD-L1可能被表达在肿瘤细胞和肿瘤浸润免疫细胞上和可能对在肿瘤微环境中抗-肿瘤免疫反应的抑制作用有贡献。T细胞和抗原提呈细胞上发现在PD-L1的结合至PD-1和B7.1受体抑制细胞毒T-细胞活性，T-细胞增殖和细胞因子产生。Avelumab结合PD-L1和阻断PD-L1和其受体PD-1和B7.1间相互作用。这个相互作用释放PD-L1对免疫反应的异质性效应导致免疫反应的复原，包括抗-肿瘤免疫反应。Avelumab还曽被显示在体外诱导抗体-依赖细胞-介导细胞毒性(ADCC)。在同种小鼠肿瘤模型，阻断PD-L1活性导致减低肿瘤生长。
适应证和用途
BAVENCIO是一个程序化死亡配体-1(PD-L1)阻断抗体适用为成年和儿童12岁和以上有转移Merkel细胞癌(MCC)患者。(1) 这个适应证是在加快批准下被批准。对这个适应证继续批准可能取决于在验证性试验中临床获益的确证和描述.
剂量和给药方法
● 作为一个静脉输注历时60分钟每2周给予10mg/kg.
●当需要时对头4次输注和随后用对乙酰氨基酚[acetaminophen]和一个抗组织胺预先给药
剂型和规格
注射液：在单次-剂量小瓶中200mg/10mL(20mg/mL)溶液。
禁忌证
无
警告和注意事项
● 免疫-介导肺炎：对中度肺炎不给；对严重，危及生命或复发中度肺炎永久终止
●免疫-介导肝炎：监视 对肝功能中变化.对中度肝炎不给；永久终止对严重或危及生命肝炎。
● 免疫-介导结肠炎：对中度或严重结肠炎不给；对危及生命或复发严重 结肠炎永久终止。
● 免疫-介导内分泌病变：对严重或危及生命 内分泌病变不给.
● 免疫-介导肾炎和肾功能不全：对中度或严重 肾炎和肾功能不全不给；对危及生命肾炎或肾功能不全永久终止。
● 输注-相关反应：对轻度或中度输注-相关反应中断或减慢输注速率。对严重或危及生命输注-相关反应停止输注和永久终止BAVENCIO.
● 胚胎-胎儿毒性：BAVENCIO可能致胎儿危害。对胎儿的潜在风险提出建议和有效避孕的使用。
不良反应
最常见不良反应(在 ≥ 20%患者被报道)为疲乏，肌肉骨骼痛，腹泻，恶心，输注-相关反应，皮疹，食欲减退，和周围水肿.
在特殊人群中使用
哺乳：建议不哺乳喂养。
供应/贮存和处置
BAVENCIO(avelumab)注射液是一种无菌，无防腐剂，和透明，无色至略微黄色溶液为静脉输注供应作为一个200mg/10mL(20mg/mL)单次-剂量小瓶，个体地被包装至一个纸盒(NDC 44087-3535-1).
贮存在冰箱在36°F至46°F(2°C至8°C)在原始包装避光保护。
不要冻结或摇晃小瓶。.
小瓶塞子不是天然橡胶乳胶制造。

BAVENCIO® (avelumab) Injection 20 mg/mL, for intravenous use, for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 12 years and older with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (mMCC). This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.1 BAVENCIO was developed, reviewed and approved through the FDA’s Breakthrough Therapy Designation and Priority Review programs.
BAVENCIO, a human anti-PD-L1 antibody, is the first FDA-approved therapy for patients with mMCC.2 Metastatic MCC is a rare and aggressive skin cancer, with fewer than half of patients surviving more than one year and fewer than 20% surviving beyond five years.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION and INDICATION
BAVENCIO can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis, including fatal cases. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis and eva luate suspected cases with radiographic imaging. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater pneumonitis. Withhold BAVENCIO for moderate (Grade 2) and permanently discontinue for severe (Grade 3), life-threatening (Grade 4), or recurrent moderate (Grade 2) pneumonitis. Pneumonitis occurred in 1.2% (21/1738) of patients, including one (0.1%) patient with Grade 5, one (0.1%) with Grade 4, and five (0.3%) with Grade.
BAVENCIO can cause immune-mediated hepatitis, including fatal cases. Monitor patients for abnormal liver tests prior to and periodically during treatment. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater hepatitis. Withhold BAVENCIO for moderate (Grade 2) immune-mediated hepatitis until resolution and permanently discontinue for severe (Grade 3) or life-threatening (Grade 4) immune-mediated hepatitis. Immune-mediated hepatitis was reported in 0.9% (16/1738) of patients, including two (0.1%) patients with Grade 5 and 11 (0.6 %) with Grade.
BAVENCIO can cause immune-mediated colitis. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of colitis. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater colitis. Withhold BAVENCIO until resolution for moderate or severe (Grade 2 or 3) colitis and permanently discontinue for life-threatening (Grade 4) or recurrent (Grade 3) colitis upon re-initiation of BAVENCIO. Immune-mediated colitis occurred in 1.5% (26/1738) of patients, including seven (0.4%) with Grade.
BAVENCIO can cause immune-mediated endocrinopathies, including adrenal insufficiency, thyroid disorders, and type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency during and after treatment and administer corticosteroids as appropriate. Withhold BAVENCIO for severe (Grade 3) or life-threatening (Grade 4) adrenal insufficiency. Adrenal insufficiency was reported in 0.5% (8/1738) of patients, including one (0.1%) with Grade.
Thyroid disorders can occur at any time during treatment. Monitor patients for changes in thyroid function at the start of treatment, periodically during treatment, and as indicated based on clinical eva luation. Manage hypothyroidism with hormone replacement therapy and hyperthyroidism with medical management. Withhold BAVENCIO for severe (Grade 3) or life threatening (Grade 4) thyroid disorders. Thyroid disorders including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroiditis were reported in 6% (98/1738) of patients, including three (0.2%) with Grade.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, including diabetic ketoacidosis: Monitor patients for hyperglycemia or other signs and symptoms of diabetes. Withhold BAVENCIO and administer anti-hyperglycemics or insulin in patients with severe or life-threatening (Grade 3 or greater) hyperglycemia and resume treatment when metabolic control is achieved. Type 1 diabetes mellitus without an alternative etiology occurred in 0.1% (2/1738) of patients, including two cases of Grade 3 hyperglycemia.
BAVENCIO can cause immune-mediated nephritis and renal dysfunction. Monitor patients for elevated serum creatinine prior to and periodically during treatment. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater nephritis. Withhold BAVENCIO for moderate (Grade 2) or severe (Grade 3) nephritis until resolution to Grade 1 or lower. Permanently discontinue BAVENCIO for life-threatening (Grade 4) nephritis. Immune-mediated nephritis occurred in 0.1% (1/1738) of patients.
BAVENCIO can result in other severe and fatal immune-mediated adverse reactions involving any organ system during treatment or after treatment discontinuation. For suspected immune-mediated adverse reactions eva luate to confirm or rule out an immune-mediated adverse reaction and to exclude other causes. Depending on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold or permanently discontinue BAVENCIO, administer high-dose corticosteroids, and initiate hormone replacement therapy if appropriate. Resume BAVENCIO when the immune-mediated adverse reaction remains at Grade 1 or lower following a corticosteroid taper. Permanently discontinue BAVENCIO for any severe (Grade 3) immune-mediated adverse reaction that recurs and for any life-threatening (Grade 4) immune-mediated adverse reaction. The following clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions occurred in less than 1% of 1738 patients treated with BAVENCIO: myocarditis with fatal cases, myositis, psoriasis, arthritis, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, pemphigoid, hypopituitarism, uveitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and systemic inflammatory response.
BAVENCIO can cause severe (Grade 3) or life-threatening (Grade 4) infusion-related reactions. Patients should be premedicated with an antihistamine and acetaminophen prior to the first 4 infusions and for subsequent doses based upon clinical judgment and presence/severity of prior infusion reactions. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions, including pyrexia, chills, flushing, hypotension, dyspnea, wheezing, back pain, abdominal pain, and urticaria. Interrupt or slow the rate of infusion for mild (Grade 1) or moderate (Grade 2) infusion-related reactions. Permanently discontinue BAVENCIO for severe (Grade 3) or life-threatening (Grade 4) infusion-related reactions. Infusion-related reactions occurred in 25% (439/1738) of patients, including three (0.2%) patients with Grade 4 and nine (0.5%) with Grade.
BAVENCIO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise patients of the potential risk to a fetus including the risk of fetal death. Advise females of childbearing potential to use effective contraception during treatment with BAVENCIO and for at least one month after the last dose of BAVENCIO. It is not known whether BAVENCIO is excreted in human milk. Advise a lactating woman not to breastfeed during treatment and for at least one month after the last dose of BAVENCIO due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants.
The most common adverse reactions (all grades, greater than or equal to 20%) in patients with metastatic MCC were fatigue (50%), musculoskeletal pain (32%), diarrhea (23%), nausea (22%), infusion-related reactions (22%), rash (22%), decreased appetite (20%), and peripheral edema (20%). The most common adverse reaction requiring dose interruption was anemia.
Selected treatment-emergent laboratory abnormalities (all grades, greater than or equal to 20%) in patients with metastatic MCC were lymphopenia (49%), anemia (35%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (34%), thrombocytopenia (27%). and increased alanine aminotransferase (20%). Selected treatment-emergent Grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities (greater than or equal to 2%) were lymphopenia (19%), anemia (9%), hyperglycemia (7%), increased alanine aminotransferase (5%), and increased lipase (4%).
INDICATION
BAVENCIO is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 12 years and older with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.